Indigenous people make up just 8% of the population in Latin America, but make up 14% of the poor and more than 17% of those living on less than $2.50 a day in the region. Education is an important tool to address this problem, but indigenous people across the region have a lower school attendance rate than their non-indigenous counterparts. They have a lower attendance rate in both primary school and in college/university. In 2019, Indigenous people’s enrollment in college/university was 32 points lower than that of non-indigenous people in the region.
This difference is bigger in countries such as Brazil, which have small, diverse, and scattered indigenous populations. As of 2010, 83% of indigenous children ages 6 to 11 attended school compared to 97% of non-indigenous children in that age range. For children between the ages of 12 to 18, 74% of indigenous children attended school compared to 84% of non-indigenous children, according to the World Bank. Indigenous children living in urban areas are more likely to be attending school than indigenous children living in rural areas. Further, indigenous women tend to have attended fewer years of school than indigenous men.
Indigenous Education in Brazil
Indigenous education in Brazil has gone through several phases. The first phase was pre-colonial. The second phase started in the 16th century when the Portuguese colonized the land and people. The goal of the phase was to assimilate indigenous people and impose on them Western values and Christianity. Phase three started in the late 18th century. Its main goal was to integrate indigenous people into society as laborers. Phase four started in the 1970s as indigenous people mobilized for their rights.
Brazil approved a new constitution in 1988 that recognized indigenous identities and the right they have to maintain them, and that the Brazilian State must protect the cultural manifestations of indigenous communities. It also gave indigenous people the right to intercultural, specific, differentiated, and bilingual school education.
Today, there are about 305 different Indigenous peoples living in Brazil, making up around 1.7 million people, or 0.8% of Brazil’s population. About half of them live outside of the Amazon rainforest. There are more than 150 languages in Brazil, and almost all Brazilians speak Portuguese. White people have completed two and a half years more of education than indigenous Brazilians. The language of instruction in primary public schools is usually Brazilian Portuguese, although schools in some regions also use indigenous languages. Although indigenous people have a constitutional right to use their own languages and learning methods in schools, only a few states and cities have incorporated native languages.
This is important not only because it is a right but also because in the region as a whole, the more years of education an indigenous person has, the less likely they are to speak their native language, the World Bank reports.
Indigenous Schools in Brazil
Indigenous schools are educational institutions located in indigenous villages and territories, run by indigenous people and guided by their customs and traditions. The Federal Ministry of Education offers indigenous school education, which differs as it is basic education that teaches both non-indigenous and indigenous knowledge. Indigenous schools have four main principles, according to a University of Florence article. They exclusively serve indigenous communities, teaching is in their native language, it is located on indigenous land, and they organize themselves and what they teach.
As of 2020, there are 3,359 indigenous schools in Brazil, with most students (166,546) being in the elementary level, according to a University of Florence article. Indigenous schools provide a type of education that mixes formal education standards with indigenous culture and knowledge, allowing indigenous children to both navigate Brazilian society and stay close to their history and community.
Affirmative Action in Brazil
In 2003, a university in Brazil implemented affirmative action for the first time. By 2011, 115 different public universities had enacted some kind of affirmative action policies. In 2012, the Supreme Court of Brazil ruled that affirmative action policies were constitutional. That same year, the Brazilian Congress passed a law requiring all federal higher education institutions in the country to implement affirmative action policies. The law requires public universities to reserve half of their places for students from public schools, ensuring an equal proportion for mixed-race, Black, and indigenous students. This had a large effect on indigenous education in Brazil.
Affirmative action has been crucial for indigenous students. It has helped increase the number of indigenous people going to university. Something especially important given that historically, universities in Brazil have underrepresented indigenous people. Students who enter university through affirmative action have educational results very similar to students who do not, according to Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) article. A case study of one university found that as of 2018, the dropout rate among students who entered through affirmative action was 38.1% compared to 31.8% of students who entered through general admission.
The Future of Indigenous Education in Brazil
Brazil made significant progress in indigenous education, but further improvements are still necessary. Many indigenous schools lack quality teaching equipment and underfunded infrastructure. There is also a lack of quality training for indigenous teachers. Especially for indigenous women, as they are disproportionately unrepresented among the number of indigenous teachers.
As for higher education, affirmative action has helped indigenous people get into university. Once universities admit indigenous students, they often underserve them. There is a need for specialized mental health services, more awareness about indigenous students among administrators, and a diversification of what is taught to include indigenous perspectives, according to a UFRJ article. There is also a need for more indigenous professors. Further, because many indigenous students come from lower-income families, there is a need for financial aid, especially given that lack of sufficient finances is one of the main reasons students drop out.
– Axtin Bullock
Axtin is based in Georgetown MA, USA and focuses on Technology and Global Health for The Borgen Project.
Photo: Flickr
How Debt Restructuring in Ghana Creates Room for Development
The HIPC Initiative and Debt Relief Successes
In 2002, the Ghanaian government granted the central bank autonomy to use monetary policy as a tool to promote economic growth and deal with inflation. Falling from 30% to 10% by 2007, fiscal policy enacted under the joint IMF-World Bank debt relief program, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC), was key in taming the country’s economic problems.
After part of the country’s debt was cancelled during the program’s implementation, Ghana’s external debt fell by $4.3 billion between 2006 and 2003, from $6.6 billion to $2.3 billion. Debt relief proved to be a successful means of fighting poverty and increasing the potential for development. Improvements in health care and education followed, with money being invested in social services for Ghanaian citizens.
One of the most important features of the government’s budgetary operations under the HIPC Initiative was its positive impact on poverty reduction. The Ghana poverty reduction strategy document emphasized integrated rural development, economic growth, expanded employment opportunities and improved access to public services. To achieve these goals, the government would have to implement sound monetary and fiscal policies made possible through debt relief.
New Debt Restructuring Framework in Ghana
However, the country’s continued reliance on the export of commodities has led it into another debt crisis. When the price of raw materials rose in the 2010s, more countries became willing to lend to Ghana. However, after another fall in the cost of commodities in 2013, the African country became unable to repay loans and started accumulating debt. Debt now places a new, significant burden on Ghana’s economy and society, which could lead to stagnation and higher poverty rates.
Recently, Ghana’s parliament approved a $2.8 billion debt restructuring framework for 25 creditor countries. Although the deal is not yet final, debt relief would again allow the country to invest in social services instead of using its revenues to pay off lender countries. In the 2000s, debt restructuring was critical in restoring macroeconomic stability; by rescheduling debt payments due between 2022 and 2026 to 2039 – 2043, there is hope that the country can break its cycle of debt.
The newly created Agenda for Jobs II (2022–2025) aims to develop further Ghanaian life’s economic, social and environmental dimensions. It focuses on expanding education and health care initiatives. The agenda also seeks to broaden the coverage of the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) Program.
Conclusion
In collaboration with international partners, new debt restructuring efforts in Ghana have opened a new chapter in the country’s economic development. The potential ratification of these new agreements will free up significant public funds that can be invested in public sectors such as health care, education and infrastructure, contributing to the country’s fight against poverty. Debt restructuring allows for future economic growth, catalyzing social progress.
– Rafaela Paquet
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Shred the Patriarchy: The Janwaar Skate Troupe That Fights Back
The Cultural Landscape that Shred The Patriarchy Exists In
As in Western nations, skateboarding is a sport primarily dominated by men and boys; as it stands, the Indian gender ratio of men to women in skateboarding is 95% to 5%. This gender disparity is only heightened by the cultural stereotypes placed upon Indian women; they are expected to be homemakers, often forced into arranged marriages. From there, they will be the primary caregiver of a husband and children, having little time for their hobbies or interests. This is the tradition; this is the life that many Indian women have come to expect. However, many do not have it.
From the anger of a sexist patriarchal society stemmed resistance. In 2023, The Guardian spoke to female Mumbai and Pune skaters about their experience engaging with the sport in the current cultural landscape. Above all, an impenetrable bond exists between the women in these communities; due to a lack of female skateboarding instructors, these troupes teach one another and collectively improve their skills. This supportive environment has greatly fostered the female skateboarding scene’s growth in India.
What Does Shred The Patriarchy Do?
Highlighting the resistance and resilience of Janwaar women was Pinzi’s paramount goal with Shred The Patriarchy. In April 2025, Pinzi told World Skate that she has “always tried to understand and challenge the structures of power, oppression, sexism and misogyny. Choosing to focus on women skaters is part of that commitment. [She sees] it as both a form of resistance and a responsibility.”
Pinzi’s collection of photographs for the project is utterly iconoclastic. With each photo, the stereotypical ideal of what an Indian woman is or should be, is fragmented until it is entirely shattered. Pinzi highlights young women, primarily in traditional kurtis or sari dresses, engaging in anything but traditional activities. Some shots capture the subject mid-way through a skate trick, while others capture women alone or in a company, holding their boards as if the object were a lifeline.
While most subjects can be seen in traditional Indian dress, more commonly worn khussa shoes are exchanged for worn trainers, like Vans or Converse, which are much more appropriate for the sporting activity. Sometimes, these women do not comply with the customs: in one shot, a young subject poses clad in a Jim Morrison t-shirt, black trousers and trainers. These women are, one custom at a time, fighting back.
Conclusion
Due to resistant factions, like the Janwaar women learning to skate, sociocultural change is being pushed in India. In Western nations, the idea that a woman might be unable to do something as simple as skateboarding with her friends seems absurd. For millions of Indian women, however, this is reality; they are denied the basic right to live in communities that nurture their interests. However, with the rise to prominence of these troupes via projects like Shred The Patriarchy, widespread acceptance of broken gender norms is one step closer.
– Sarina Maloy
Photo: Unsplash
Energy Storage and Flow Batteries in Africa
However, a fundamental challenge has long constrained this progress. Solar panels only generate electricity when the sun is shining. This limitation means power can be unreliable for a hospital, school or business. Such an inconsistency has traditionally tethered grids to expensive, polluting fossil fuels and hindered the ultimate goal of true energy independence.
To capture the full benefits of the sun, the continent has to invest in a crucial parallel technology: energy storage. Fortunately, in 2025, this is not a secret and several African countries have now pledged gigawatts of storage in the near term.
A Surge in Battery Deployment
According to the African Solar Industry Association, operational energy storage in Africa skyrocketed from 31 megawatt-hours in 2017 to an estimated 1,600 megawatt-hours in 2024. This growth is driven by falling battery costs and a clear understanding that storage is the key to unlocking the full value of renewables.
In 2024, South Africa brought one of the world’s largest solar-and-battery projects online. The Kenhardt hybrid complex in the Northern Cape combines 540 megawatts of solar with a 225-megawatt, 1,140-megawatt-hour battery system, delivering reliable clean energy to the grid and strengthening power supply for industries, including mining.
Energy Sovereignty as a Path to Development
The foundation of energy sovereignty is the ability to generate, store and deploy energy locally. More than just energy independence, sovereignty is the right and ability of a nation to define its energy policies, control its resources and ensure that its energy systems are designed to meet the specific needs of its people. Today, battery storage empowers nations to build resilient, decentralized systems that are owned and operated by Africans, for Africans. This shift is a direct pathway to systemic poverty reduction.
Consistent electricity creates tangible benefits across society. It allows children to study after dark, improving educational outcomes. It enables health clinics to refrigerate vaccines and power essential medical equipment, saving lives. It empowers small businesses to operate machinery, access digital markets and create local jobs.
Furthermore, countries can capture even more economic value by developing domestic supply chains for these technologies. An example is South Africa’s initiative to manufacture batteries locally using its vast vanadium reserves. This creates high-skill jobs in manufacturing and engineering instead of simply exporting raw materials, fostering sustainable and equitable development.
Using Flow Batteries in Africa
Technological breakthroughs are making the future of energy storage in Africa even more attainable. While lithium-ion batteries have led the charge, next-generation technologies suited for African climates are emerging. Vanadium redox flow batteries, for example, are gaining significant traction in Africa. Unlike solid-state batteries, these batteries use two tanks of a vanadium electrolyte solution to store and release charge. This design means they do not degrade over thousands of cycles. Additionally, they have an operational lifespan of more than 20 years and pose virtually no fire risk, making them exceptionally safe and durable.
Such characteristics make flow batteries ideal for many African renewable energy sites, often with hot and remote conditions. Alongside these systems, innovations in chemistries like sodium-ion promise to drive down costs even further by eliminating the need for expensive and environmentally complex minerals like cobalt and lithium. These are not advancements of the far future, either, only validated on paper. They are currently in production phases.
With this future coming fast, Africa is proving through strategic energy storage development that they are ready to generate and hold onto the benefits of a green future.
– Levi Ravnsborg
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Children International: Lasting Poverty Relief
Over the following decades, the initiative’s care expanded as its positive results increased with the growing care providers. Much of its growth included the development of its own global headquarters, child sponsorship programs, hospitals and many different specialized care opportunities.
By 1989, the organization formally named itself Children International. It began their full-fledged mission to give children poverty relief for a lifetime.
How Children International Works
Children International seeks to provide care and support to all children in need, helping to break the cycle of poverty. Its specialized programs are flexible, adapting to give each child the resources they need to flourish.
One of the organization’s most pertinent parts is sponsorship-supported interventions. These help children and adolescents reach critical milestones and create lasting pathways out of poverty.
Measuring Success
Children International supports its recipients in specific areas to help them achieve lifelong freedom from poverty. The organization’s outreach focuses on the following key aspects of life:
A Lasting Impact
Children International aims to create connected, thriving communities for every child, family and individual. The charity allows communities to grow and prosper through programs supporting health, education and careers.
Using targeted outreach strategies, Children International works to break the cycle of poverty and provide families with lasting relief through essential resources.
– Angelina Tas
Photo: Flickr
Addressing Hunger and Trauma Among Rohingya Children
Keeping Children Alive With Integrated Nutrition Services
UNICEF and its partners operate Integrated Nutrition Facilities within the camps. There, children below the age of 5 are routinely weighed and measured, screened with MUAC colour tapes and put on treatment plans. In 2021, these facilities treated 6,923 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition.
The organization exceeded its annual target, providing ready-to-use therapeutic food, deworming treatments and follow-up care. It also offered counseling for parents on breastfeeding and complementary feeding, reaching 14,000 pregnant and lactating mothers with infant and young child feeding support. Indeed, these cost-effective, life-saving services are making a real difference.
Restoring Food Rations and Protecting Nutrition Budgets
When rations are cut, hunger spikes quickly. New International Rescue Committee (IRC) data reveal that between 2022 and 2023, the number of Rohingya refugees without adequate food jumped from 44% to 70%. Nearly half of young children displayed physical signs of malnutrition and fewer than one in six children ate three meals daily.
Restoring rations to prior levels and ensuring predictable funding would immediately blunt wasting and protect child development, whilst addressing hunger and trauma among Rohingya children.
Healing in Crisis
A large randomized controlled trial tested BRAC’s Home-Based Humanitarian Play Lab (HPL), which offered weekly peer-led sessions for Rohingya mothers and children under 2. The program significantly improved mothers’ mental well-being. It enhanced children’s developmental outcomes through simple, low-cost activities led by trained Rohingya “Mother Volunteers.” In settings where specialist care is scarce, HPL provides a practical, scalable way to deliver psychosocial support.
Similarly, BRAC’s broader Humanitarian Play Lab approach is home-based for ages 0–3 and centre-based for ages 3–5. It creates safe, culturally rooted spaces where trained Rohingya Play Leaders guide activities. These activities build language, problem-solving skills and resilience. Furthermore, evaluations in Cox’s Bazar show gains in children’s development and improvements in maternal mental health. The model is now being adapted to other countries, offering the kind of community-powered intervention donors can scale.
Furthermore, child-friendly spaces run with UNICEF support give children predictable routines to play, learn and feel safe. This is critical in protecting them from toxic stress. These hubs are also entry points for early learning, protection, nutrition and health services referrals.
Nutrition + Mental Health = Better Outcomes
None of these solutions works in isolation. In December 2021, UNICEF Bangladesh reported that one-third of Rohingya children under 5 were stunted due to poor diets and repeated illness. Combining nutrition services with caregiver counseling and play-based psychosocial support multiplies impact, helping children recover physically while stimulating their brains for long-term learning and well-being. Trained Rohingya community members are already delivering this integrated package.
– Arabella D’Aniello
Photo: Flickr
Reducing Poverty in Ukraine: From Nonprofits to IKEA
Poverty in Ukraine
Despite recent negative trends, Ukraine’s national poverty decreased from 2016 through 2021, with poverty levels of 51.1% declining to 20.6%, according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. With the help of sustained economic growth, increased income, improvements in the labor market and government policies, Ukraine ensured a reduction in poverty.
Once the war began in 2022, government policies and initiatives, including the Household Budget Surveys (HBS), were canceled because of disruptions and the need to consolidate funds. According to the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, the government implemented a program to modernize state statistical methods and initiatives, including the HBS, reinforcing Ukraine’s commitment to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals through 2030.
With these and other poverty-reducing policies now on hold, continued international support and donations are imperative to help reduce poverty in Ukraine.
National Organizations Supplying Donations
IKEA’s Humanitarian Aid for Ukraine
IKEA, a Swedish furniture and home goods company, has taken steps, along with partners, to address the humanitarian issues that arise from the war. After Russia’s initial invasion in 2022, IKEA halted exports and imports to Russia and Belarus. Additionally, IKEA and its partners have donated millions of dollars to aid organizations, hoping to support services and individuals in Ukraine impacted by the war.
These donations also support medical organizations and allow medics and doctors in Ukraine to receive modern equipment, improving the country’s medical system. These supplies benefit civilians, enlisted military and members of international aid organizations near and at the frontlines, maintaining direct humanitarian aid for Ukraine.
Within IKEA, the Ingka Group, a retail partner, donated furniture, toys and other goods for displaced families and Ukrainians fleeing the nation at the start of the war. The donations were crucial for supplying UNICEF with the necessities of housing and caring for individuals and added humane relief for children. IKEA and its partners help reduce poverty in Ukraine by supporting organizations that assist refugees while creating and preserving jobs and livelihoods for Ukrainians in need.
– Avery Kachmarsky
Photo: Flickr
Indigenous Education in Brazil
This difference is bigger in countries such as Brazil, which have small, diverse, and scattered indigenous populations. As of 2010, 83% of indigenous children ages 6 to 11 attended school compared to 97% of non-indigenous children in that age range. For children between the ages of 12 to 18, 74% of indigenous children attended school compared to 84% of non-indigenous children, according to the World Bank. Indigenous children living in urban areas are more likely to be attending school than indigenous children living in rural areas. Further, indigenous women tend to have attended fewer years of school than indigenous men.
Indigenous Education in Brazil
Indigenous education in Brazil has gone through several phases. The first phase was pre-colonial. The second phase started in the 16th century when the Portuguese colonized the land and people. The goal of the phase was to assimilate indigenous people and impose on them Western values and Christianity. Phase three started in the late 18th century. Its main goal was to integrate indigenous people into society as laborers. Phase four started in the 1970s as indigenous people mobilized for their rights.
Brazil approved a new constitution in 1988 that recognized indigenous identities and the right they have to maintain them, and that the Brazilian State must protect the cultural manifestations of indigenous communities. It also gave indigenous people the right to intercultural, specific, differentiated, and bilingual school education.
Today, there are about 305 different Indigenous peoples living in Brazil, making up around 1.7 million people, or 0.8% of Brazil’s population. About half of them live outside of the Amazon rainforest. There are more than 150 languages in Brazil, and almost all Brazilians speak Portuguese. White people have completed two and a half years more of education than indigenous Brazilians. The language of instruction in primary public schools is usually Brazilian Portuguese, although schools in some regions also use indigenous languages. Although indigenous people have a constitutional right to use their own languages and learning methods in schools, only a few states and cities have incorporated native languages.
This is important not only because it is a right but also because in the region as a whole, the more years of education an indigenous person has, the less likely they are to speak their native language, the World Bank reports.
Indigenous Schools in Brazil
Indigenous schools are educational institutions located in indigenous villages and territories, run by indigenous people and guided by their customs and traditions. The Federal Ministry of Education offers indigenous school education, which differs as it is basic education that teaches both non-indigenous and indigenous knowledge. Indigenous schools have four main principles, according to a University of Florence article. They exclusively serve indigenous communities, teaching is in their native language, it is located on indigenous land, and they organize themselves and what they teach.
As of 2020, there are 3,359 indigenous schools in Brazil, with most students (166,546) being in the elementary level, according to a University of Florence article. Indigenous schools provide a type of education that mixes formal education standards with indigenous culture and knowledge, allowing indigenous children to both navigate Brazilian society and stay close to their history and community.
Affirmative Action in Brazil
In 2003, a university in Brazil implemented affirmative action for the first time. By 2011, 115 different public universities had enacted some kind of affirmative action policies. In 2012, the Supreme Court of Brazil ruled that affirmative action policies were constitutional. That same year, the Brazilian Congress passed a law requiring all federal higher education institutions in the country to implement affirmative action policies. The law requires public universities to reserve half of their places for students from public schools, ensuring an equal proportion for mixed-race, Black, and indigenous students. This had a large effect on indigenous education in Brazil.
Affirmative action has been crucial for indigenous students. It has helped increase the number of indigenous people going to university. Something especially important given that historically, universities in Brazil have underrepresented indigenous people. Students who enter university through affirmative action have educational results very similar to students who do not, according to Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) article. A case study of one university found that as of 2018, the dropout rate among students who entered through affirmative action was 38.1% compared to 31.8% of students who entered through general admission.
The Future of Indigenous Education in Brazil
Brazil made significant progress in indigenous education, but further improvements are still necessary. Many indigenous schools lack quality teaching equipment and underfunded infrastructure. There is also a lack of quality training for indigenous teachers. Especially for indigenous women, as they are disproportionately unrepresented among the number of indigenous teachers.
As for higher education, affirmative action has helped indigenous people get into university. Once universities admit indigenous students, they often underserve them. There is a need for specialized mental health services, more awareness about indigenous students among administrators, and a diversification of what is taught to include indigenous perspectives, according to a UFRJ article. There is also a need for more indigenous professors. Further, because many indigenous students come from lower-income families, there is a need for financial aid, especially given that lack of sufficient finances is one of the main reasons students drop out.
– Axtin Bullock
Photo: Flickr
Poverty Reduction in Serbia: Supporting Marginalized Groups
Despite a growing economy, shrinking unemployment and existing social initiatives, women and marginalized groups such as Roma are still more likely to experience poverty and face significant challenges to receiving social assistance and entering the labor force. To continue working towards economic growth and poverty reduction in Serbia, it must focus on uplifting these groups.
Economic Growth
In its attempts to expand the job market and fight unemployment, Serbia grew its economy 3.9% in 2024, bolstering its construction industry and services sector as the country takes on foreign projects, according to World Bank statistics. Growth is projected to continue throughout 2025, with expansion in the energy sector projected as well.
Thanks to this, the incidence of poverty fell to 7.7%, however, that number largely includes women and other vulnerable groups, and does not take into account the borderline at-risk-of-poverty rate, which was 19.7% for 2024, according to Serbia’s own survey statistics. These numbers highlight the need for more targeted social assistance to continue making economic gains and raising people out of poverty.
About the Gender Wage Gap in Serbia
In 2023, the employment disparity between men and women in Serbia was 13.3%, with even larger disparities for the Roma people as a whole, but especially Roma women, whose education and employment numbers lag far behind other demographics. These numbers represent untapped potential that could benefit industry enhancement, growth and poverty reduction in Serbia.
These groups are facing cultural barriers more than economic ones. Long-standing prejudices and traditionalist value systems are holding them back from accessing the Serbian labor market. When polled directly, 40% of women, both Roma and non-Roma, articulated their willingness to join the workforce and participate in training initiatives to improve their skills and gain experience.
Social Protection
For its impoverished population, Serbia’s social protection systems include social insurance, social assistance and social services. These cover entitlements like pension and disability insurance, health insurance and low-income household assistance. Of these systems, only two programs are specifically targeted towards its impoverished populations: A financial social assistance program and a child allowance program.
These programs do not adequately support the most at-risk and marginalized groups, however. Limited budgets and a lack of policy focus mean these entitlements do little in the way of poverty reduction in Serbia. A single mother with two children receives about 18,000 dinars (€153) a month, three times less than the cost of basic monthly necessities.
As of 2022, Serbia spends 19.5% of its GDP on social protection programs. While this is a relatively high number in line with the spending of new EU member nations, 71% of social protection spending is absorbed by social insurance (pensions, disability, healthcare), leaving little left over for targeted social assistance. In reality, Serbia spends only 5% of social protection expenditures on poverty-targeted programs, significantly less than EU countries.
Solutions
Recognizing the necessity for uplifting marginalized groups in the fight for poverty reduction in Serbia, the World Bank, in conjunction with the Serbian Institute of Ethnography and the Entrepreneurship Training Institute, launched a series of personal initiative training programs specifically aimed at supporting Roma women. These programs, begun in 2024, focus on resume/CV-writing, job interview roleplays and starting a business, with the overall aim of creating a more socially and economically equal society.
The programs are already yielding results. To date, nine participants in the PI trainings have become certified trainers themselves, mentoring more than 100 women in their local communities. Others have come through the program and used their knowledge to start their own businesses, like one woman who was able to open her own hair salon in Novi Sad.
The resultant economic independence these programs are facilitating will assist in overcoming the cultural biases that keep an untapped reserve of the population from contributing to the betterment of the country. The success of the PI trainings provides a roadmap to poverty reduction in Serbia targeting its most vulnerable and marginalized groups, and with that a more inclusive labor market and continued economic growth.
– Nikola Stojkovic
Photo: Flickr
Disability and Poverty in North Macedonia: “Getting a Life” Project
Breaking the Cycle of Institutionalization
For decades, individuals with intellectual disabilities lived in large-scale institutions in North Macedonia, isolated from their communities. In 2020, People in Need (PIN) launched “Getting a Life”, an EU‑funded project to shift residents into small, community‑based homes. PIN transformed institutions into nine independent living houses across Demir Kapija, Negotino and Skopje and relocated 45 residents from the Demir Kapija Special Institution to set up a better system to end disability and poverty in North Macedonia. Each house supports under five individuals and includes accessible living spaces designed to encourage autonomy.
Training for Quality Care
PIN trained more than 120 professionals, including social workers, physiotherapists and educators, in person‑centered care. Eighty of them now prepare individualized care plans focusing on skills such as employment, daily living and social integration People in Need. PIN also launched a daily activity center in Skopje offering cooking, art and computer workshops, helping individuals develop confidence, skills and friendships.
Raising Awareness Across Communities
Community acceptance plays a crucial role in inclusion. PIN organized 18 awareness‑raising events, such as open houses and film screenings, that involved local officials, self‑advocates and neighbors. They helped form self‑advocacy groups and hosted the first national conference in 2023. All of this effort, drew multiple participants to feature policy recommendations. to government officials. PIN has managed to create an inclusive space to normalize disabilities in North Macedonia and to normalize their presence in communities that are often marginalized by poverty.
Measuring the Impact
In just three years, “Getting a Life” improved lives for 45 residents, built capacity for 120 professional caregivers and established community facilities. A final project evaluation found that 66% of trained caregivers found the training relevant, and 86.7% agreed that the principles of inclusion informed their approach. Residents now leave home slightly more regularly, 77.8% reported occasional outings, whereas institutional conditions previously limited these opportunities. These findings provide further evidence that projects like “Getting a Life” can help identify ways to address disability and poverty in North Macedonia.
The Road Ahead
Despite these milestones, more than 60 individuals still live in the Demir Kapija institution awaiting relocation. Expanding community-based living will require steady funding, strong political leadership and innovative partnerships between government agencies, NGOs and international donors. People in Need aims to use the lessons from “Getting a Life” to guide further deinstitutionalization efforts across the Western Balkans, adapting the approach to meet different local needs. Scaling this model would not only open the door to independence for those still in institutions but also create more inclusive neighborhoods, generate care-sector jobs and reduce the long-term costs of institutional care. Investing in disability inclusion safeguards human rights, lowers poverty rates and strengthens the social fabric for everyone.
– Nilay Ersoy
Photo: Unsplash
Solar Water Pumps in Nepal: A Lifeline for Farmers
Empowering Farmers with Sustainable Irrigation
Amongst remote Himalayan foothills and arid plains, solar-powered water pumps in Nepal are enabling farmers to irrigate fields efficiently without relying on costly diesel or unreliable electricity. For instance, in Shikharpur village, a solar pump installed by Renewable World delivers 40,000 liters of water daily to about 120 households and a school. This has allowed farmers like Daley Sarki to grow vegetables year-round, doubling her income through market sales and additional off-season crops like tomatoes and cauliflowers.
These pumps also promote efficient water use through training on techniques like growing produce under plastic sheets, fostering long-term sustainability. By reducing the time spent fetching water — previously up to three hours daily — women farmers can take on secondary jobs, enhancing household economic stability.
Boosting Incomes and Community Resilience
Solar-powered water pumps in Nepal are not only cutting costs but also creating new revenue streams for farmers. In Madhesh Province, Renu Devi Sah replaced her diesel pump with a 1.425-kilowatt solar system, slashing daily irrigation expenses from NPR 3,875 to just NPR 265. She now supplies water to eight neighboring farms at affordable rates, while expanding her own cultivation to include high-value vegetables like cauliflower and onions. Similarly, Jitendra Das in Janakpurdham uses his solar pump for a fish hatchery, saving 60% on water costs over five years and planning to supply fingerlings to local farmers.
These initiatives, supported by organizations like the Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) and funded through the Sustainable Energy Challenge Fund (SECF), emphasize commercial viability and social impact. By integrating microfinance loans with technical assistance, they empower marginalized groups, particularly women, to achieve financial independence.
Addressing Climate Challenges with Eco-Friendly Solutions
Amid erratic rainfall and droughts exacerbated by climate change, solar-powered water pumps in Nepal are proving vital in regions like Bajhang and Bajura. Practical Action’s installations lift water from rivers to reservoirs, supplying multi-use systems for irrigation, drinking and livestock. Farmer Tek Bahadur Thapa reports sufficient water for year-round crops, enabling him to expand apple orchards and improve family nutrition.
These systems reduce drudgery, especially for women who once trekked hours for water and promote environmental sustainability by avoiding diesel emissions. Community-managed “Pay for Water” schemes ensure maintenance, while avoiding overextraction through efficient designs. The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) highlights Nepal’s high solar potential — up to 2,100 MW for grid and off-grid use — making these pumps a scalable solution for poverty reduction.
Global Lessons and Expanding Impact
Drawing from successful models in countries like Yemen and Australia, solar-powered water pumps in Nepal demonstrate how renewable technology can replace burdensome diesel systems. In Yemen, farmers like Mufrih Saleh have adopted solar pumps to irrigate 405,000 acres, cutting fuel dependency amid shortages. Nepal’s efforts, backed by the World Bank, focus on groundwater governance to prevent overuse while promoting adoption in the Eastern Gangetic Plains.
The World Bank’s initiatives emphasize subsidies for small farmers and awareness of efficient water management, ensuring equitable access. With partnerships involving AEPC, Practical Action and international funders like the British government, these pumps are building drought resilience and fostering inclusive growth.
Looking Ahead
As solar-powered water pumps in Nepal continue to expand, they offer a beacon of hope for millions, turning climate vulnerabilities into opportunities for prosperity. By harnessing the sun’s energy, farmers are not only securing their livelihoods but also paving the way for a more resilient, poverty-free future.
– Robert Darke
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