Archive for category: Global Poverty

Key articles and information on global poverty.

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Sports and Higher Education in Saint Lucia

Higher Education in Saint LuciaSaint Lucia is a small Eastern Caribbean island with a population of less than 200,000 people. Saint Lucia’s poverty rate rests below 25% with a middle to upper-income economy. Its youth population is more than 40,000. Saint Lucia produces fresh fruits and crops such as bananas, avocados, yams and sweet potatoes. Tourism is a major contributing factor to the economy and the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) with more than 430,000 tourists yearly. The Government of Saint Lucia spends 3.7% of its GDP on education. Despite these positive results, the small island country suffers from societal and educational issues such as a teacher shortage, domestic violence, low wages and job-force instability. To continue improving the lives of Saint Lucia’s youth, progress must continue in higher education in Saint Lucia as well as sports.

The Education Act of 1999 gave young men and women of Saint Lucia access to educational opportunities, apprenticeships, study abroad programs and work opportunities for youths who choose the workforce once completing secondary school. Before the Education Act, Saint Lucia’s literacy levels were below 85% in the late 1990s. However, with the Act, the literacy rate increased to 90.1%. Between 2018 and 2019, boys had a higher secondary graduation rate at 96% compared to girls at 88%. 

Higher Education in Saint Lucia

The Ministry of Education focuses on encouraging first generation Saint Lucians to graduate post-secondary. The First Generation Scholarship Program focuses on the mandate that Saint Lucia’s government prioritizes for one university student graduate per household. The Ministry of Education’s goal is to reach a 20% college graduation rate by 2030. 

Saint Lucia’s post secondary institutions like Monroe College offer scholarships through the First Generation Scholarship-Program to help students pursue bachelor’s degrees. The Minister of Education, Shawn Edward, praised Monroe College for bringing over 150 students through the First Generation Scholarship Program.

In November 2024, Minister Edward announced plans to add more improvements to the country’s education department through adding a Special Education Needs (SEN) section to provide teaching and vocational resources for special needs students and young adults. 

Local universities and institutions in Saint Lucia such as Sir Lewis Community College and the University of the West Indies offered tertiary education where students gain job specific skills to be prepared for the work force. However, in 2019, the gross enrollment rate for students was 15%.    

The Uni-PASS initiative, which the Government of Saint Lucia implemented, offers a one-time grant to students who require funding for their university studies. It offers up to $10,000 to cover accommodation, airfare, transport, visa processing and tuition fees.

Study Abroad

Study abroad programs provide young men and women of Saint Lucia an opportunity to learn about other countries, gain professional skills and pursue their field of study. Saint Lucia collaborates with Caribbean countries like Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago and other nations such as Taiwan. 

On August 12, 2025, the ambassador of Cuba, Yenileys Linares, presented government-sponsored bi-lateral scholarships to 11 Saint Lucian recipients in their pursuit in the field of medicine. Saint Lucia’s partnership with Cuba in their pursuit for higher education in the medical field has stood since 1979. The program includes studies in medicine, specialization in medicine and health technologies for undergraduate studies. Requirements for this program include being from a low-income family.

On August 4, 2025, the ambassador for Taiwan, Nicole Y.C. Su attended the ceremony and presented the study abroad scholarships for 44 Saint Lucians. Thirty-seven of them received the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Taiwan Scholarship which provides room and board for students in the undergraduate, master’s or doctorate program. Seven received the International Cooperation Fund Development (ICFD) Scholarship which provides tuition to cover students pursuing a master’s or doctorate degree while attending any school in Taiwan.

Sports

On August 2, 2025 one camp under the Saint Lucia Football Association (SFLA) Technical Centre in Mabouya Valley focused on the young male and female athletes ranging from ages 14-24. Anthony Roy, founder of Anthony Roy Collegiate Placement Services, oversaw the activity at the camp. He focuses on getting players scouted for scholarships at universities in the United States to pursue higher education and compete. These types of programs bring out the best of Saint Lucia’s athletes.

Arnicka Louis and Joshua Boland, two athletes who benefited from Roy’s camp, currently reside in the United States, attending their respective universities and competing collegiately in football. Currently, Louis, a sophomore, attends Indian Hills Community College in Otthuma, IA. Boland, a sophomore, attends Point University in Atlanta, GA.      

Saint Lucia’s first Olympic champion in the women’s 100m and silver medalist in the 200m, Julien Alfred, is another example of success abroad. Alfred transferred to St. Catherine’s High School in Jamaica to continue her training in the sport. Through a scholarship, she went to the University of Texas to further her education and continue her athletic career. 

Conclusion

Higher education in Saint Lucia continues to see progress as the country seeks out opportunities with neighboring Caribbean countries and nations and invests into local institutions. Programs like the Anthony Roy Collegiate Placement Services is one example of the country working towards elevating the potential in young Saint Lucian athletes in sports like football and track and field.    

– Gene A. Lambey Jr.

Gene is based in Washington D.C., USA.  He focuses on the Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project. 

Photo: Unsplash

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Electricity in Bolivia is Lifting Rural Communities Out of Poverty

Electricity in BoliviaBolivia, a country with a poverty rate of 36.4% as of 2021, has been experiencing a difficult period regarding its poverty issues. One of the many ways Bolivia has been working to combat this issue is by providing electricity nationwide. In 2023, rural electrical coverage reached 85.1%, meanwhile urban coverage reached 99.3%.

The main goal for the Bolivian government is for the country to get 100% coverage by the end of 2025. Access to electricity benefits those living in poverty by providing a higher quality of life, creating jobs, better access to education and advances in health services.

Electricity Program for Living With Dignity

In 2008, Bolivia launched the Electricity Program for Living With Dignity (PEVD) initiative to expand nationwide access to electricity, focusing on the poorest communities. Rural areas faced the greatest challenges: electricity and food access rates lagged far behind urban centers. According to the WFP, 75% of Bolivian families lack regular access to food. The PEVD program has since made a significant impact in remote and rural regions.

According to the World Bank Group, Bolivia advanced this effort through a series of projects, including an expansion model for a “national decentralized service framework.” Between 2014 and 2019, the government implemented eight grid-extension subprojects with notable outcomes: 4,300 households were connected to the power grid, providing electricity to 20,200 people; 708 kilometers of distribution lines were installed; and training events benefited multiple institutions.

International partners such as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) also provided financial support to fund these initiatives. In 2023, the IDB approved a $2 million grant to support the Bolivian program of increasing electricity access in rural areas.

Challenges Ahead

Key challenges remain for Bolivia’s electrification projects, including long-term sustainability and reaching areas still without power. The World Bank plans to train users on efficient and sustainable electricity use to address sustainability. While millions have already been invested in expanding the grid, difficult geography continues to limit access.

As a result, not all Bolivians are yet connected. However, the government aims for full national coverage by the end of the year. Bolivia is exploring renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, to complement these efforts, particularly in rural areas where extending the grid remains economically and logistically difficult.

What’s Next?

The main goal for Bolivia is to expand electricity across the country so 100% of the population can access it. This effort helps a large portion of people living in poverty move out of it. Access to electricity brings better health care, technological advances, economic growth and improved education. Bolivia can serve as a blueprint for other developing nations facing similar challenges.

– Pablo Roque

Pablo is based in McAllen, TX, USA and focuses on Technology and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

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From Aid Recipient to Trade Partner

foreign aid tradeUnited States (U.S.) foreign assistance is sometimes disparaged as mere charity; nonetheless, its effects convey a contrasting narrative. Strategic investments in development save lives and provide future economic prospects for the U.S.. The trajectory from Seoul to Gaborone illustrates that assistance may convert a recipient aid country into a strong trade partner. Timothy Geithner, the former U.S. Treasury Secretary, argued that reducing foreign assistance would adversely affect the U.S. economy and diminish its competitiveness relative to China. U.S. foreign aid and trade together demonstrate how combating global poverty fosters domestic prosperity.

South Korea: A Model of US Foreign Aid and Trade

In the post-Korean War years, South Korea depended significantly on U.S. foreign assistance to maintain its economy and reconstruct its institutions. From 1946 to 1976, the U.S. gave $12.6 billion in economic assistance, including food aid, grants and infrastructure initiatives, making it one of the greatest per capita beneficiaries during that period.

As South Korea’s acting president Han Duck-soo noted, “After the devastation of the Korean War, the U.S. gave us aid, technology transfer, investments and security assurances,” which he credited with helping make South Korea “a very comfortable investment environment for foreigners.”

The results are clear today. In 2024, commerce between the U.S. and South Korea in goods and services amounted to $239.6 billion, with goods trade constituting $197.1 billion.

The U.S.–Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA), enacted in 2012, abolished 95% of tariffs and enhanced U.S. exports by around $11 billion. This change demonstrates how U.S. foreign assistance and commerce foster reciprocal prosperity.

Botswana: How US Foreign Aid and Trade Built Prosperity

Upon attaining independence in 1966, Botswana was among the most impoverished countries globally. The U.S. emerged as a crucial development ally, allocating resources to education, health and governance via USAID and Peace Corps programs.

In the health sector, U.S. aid has been pivotal: via the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the U.S. has allocated approximately $1 billion in health assistance to the Government of Botswana since the program’s inception, highlighting a sustained and transformative commitment to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care.

Over time, assistance established the groundwork for economic collaboration. In 2024, commerce in products and services between the U.S. and Botswana reached $733.4 million, with U.S. exports increasing by almost 52% within one year.

Botswana also benefits from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which provides duty-free access for more than 6,700 products. These results demonstrate how U.S. foreign aid and trade go hand in hand in creating stable partnerships.

US Foreign Aid and Trade as Economic Diplomacy

Foreign assistance transcends mere humanitarian gestures. It serves as an instrument of economic diplomacy. Initiatives such as AGOA and the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation integrate trade and investment objectives into assistance endeavors. This connection fosters an environment conducive to commercial prosperity while tackling global poverty.

In July 2025, the U.S. entered into a new trade agreement with South Korea, ensuring $350 billion in U.S.-managed investments, $100 billion in energy acquisitions and preferential access for U.S. products such as semiconductors and medicines. Such agreements illustrate how U.S. foreign aid and trade evolve into lasting economic partnerships.

US Foreign Aid and Trade as Investment, Not Charity

U.S. foreign assistance is not a unilateral exchange. It is an investment that cultivates future markets, fortifies relationships and alleviates global poverty. South Korea and Botswana exemplify the transition of nations from being an aid recipient to a trade partner. By seeing assistance as an instrument of diplomacy and economic collaboration, the U.S. demonstrates that U.S. foreign aid and trade are mutually reinforcing policies. Combating poverty internationally eventually fosters collective wealth domestically.

– Ray Bechara

Ray is based in Glasgow, Scotland and focuses on Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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CEDO and Challenges Faced by Rural Students in Cambodia

CEDOIn Cambodia, a country with a population of more than 17 million, young people face significant educational barriers, particularly in rural areas. The poor quality of teaching, lack of basic infrastructure such as facilities providing water, sanitation and hygiene and school expenses are all cited as reasons for inadequate learning and high dropout rates.

Education in Cambodia

According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), almost a quarter of children aged 8 to 9 in Cambodia cannot write down words they hear in a dictation test and more than half of students have dropped out of school by the time they are 17 years old.

However, in 2019, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport devised a five-pillar framework to increase attendance levels and improve the quality of education across Cambodia. These pillars include:

  • Implementation of the Teacher Policy Action Plan to support teachers’ professional development.
  • Review of curricula, textbooks and learning environments to standardize syllabi and improve school facilities.
  • Enforcement of school inspections to ensure high educational standards are met.
  • Improvement of learning evaluations to strengthen the overall educational framework.
  • Higher education reform to expand resources and funding for institutions while promoting broader access to higher education.

The last pillar is something Youchheng Uch, Director of Cambodian Education and Development Organization (CEDO), feels particularly strongly about. Believing that “every student, regardless of their background, has the potential to succeed,” CEDO aims to break the cycle of poverty. It’s dedicated to helping young people in rural areas access higher education institutions, primarily by providing scholarships to students going to university.

Expanding Educational Opportunities in Rural Cambodia

Funded entirely by a partner organization in Australia called Opportunity Cambodia, CEDO has been helping students from the countryside surrounding Siem Reap, Cambodia’s second most populous city, for the last 10 years. Its main program is the University Scholarship Program, which, in addition to paying for students’ university fees, gives them access to health care, a living allowance and accommodation.

The organization has also developed the Learning Center Program, which provides training in soft skills such as public speaking, computer skills and English classes taught by overseas volunteers.

Barriers Facing Rural Families

In a recent interview, Uch explained that the biggest issue families in rural Cambodia face is that they cannot afford to send their children to university. “The family needs to pay for tuition fees, for accommodation, for food, so if you compare the average income that the rural family gets per day [to the urban family], it’s not possible for most families in the countryside [to send their children to university].”

While primary and secondary education is free, education is poor, meaning those with more money, who often live in urban areas, pay for private tutors. However, for most families, this option is too expensive. Other challenges for young people in the countryside, outlined by Uch, include living too far from a school, being unable to access food and not being safe at home because of domestic violence, for example.

Education as an Alternative to Migration

Improving rural students’ access to higher education also reduces the number of Cambodians who migrate to neighboring countries to find low-skilled work. According to the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training, more than 1.3 million Cambodians work abroad, the vast majority in Thailand.

In a separate study, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) found that most migrants in Thailand left Cambodia in search of “better job opportunities and higher wages,” now working in sectors like agriculture, construction and fishing. However, the reality is that a third of those migrants claim to be paid less than minimum wage and still find themselves in poverty.

Uch explains that because many young people cannot afford to go to university, these people often migrate for work. Hence, CEDO aims to combat this issue directly, increasing the number of those attending higher education institutions and contributing to the Cambodian economy.

Breaking the Cycle of Poverty

Since its beginning, CEDO has helped 65 students living in rural areas gain access to higher education institutions, half of whom have left university and found work. By meeting every month to see what’s going on, what experience they’re getting, what their challenges are, those at CEDO can offer direct support, both emotional and financial. As a result, around 80% of its students work in the field they studied at university, helping to break the cycle of poverty in Cambodia.

– Elsa Tarring

Elsa is based in London, UK and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Violence Against Children in Myanmar

Violence Against Children in MyanmarAfter a violent military takeover in 2021, the already suffering country of Myanmar faced a catastrophic earthquake that further affected the country’s weakened infrastructure. The citizens of Myanmar are facing a violent violation of human rights that calls for a much-needed act of humanitarian aid.

Violence Against Children in Myanmar

From 2020 to 2023, there was a reported 400% increase in violence against children in Myanmar. In 2022, more than 500 children were killed or maimed, compared to the staggering 861 in 2023. The armed forces are not only attacking citizens, but also the country’s development systems.

Myanmar’s Armed Forces have directly targeted hospitals and schools. More than 200 attacks were carried out on schools and hospitals. These indirect attacks violently affect and harm the children in Myanmar and their future. Attacks on education and healthcare harm a child’s stability, as these two systems are vital to their survival.

The armed forces are also contributors to the abduction of children. These abductions take place for reasons such as:

  • Recruitment
  • Financial extortion
  • Information gathering

The aggressive jump in child violence statistics from 2020 to the present day is a call to action. To provide a future for the children of Myanmar, immediate humanitarian aid is critically needed.

What’s Being Done?

After the devastating events in Myanmar, children continue to face severe hardships every day. Organizations and groups have come together to provide aid and support.

  • Justice For Myanmar: This organization focuses on applying pressure to halt military funding that is directly killing the children of Myanmar. Applying public pressure through media exposure brings awareness of current grave violations. Pressures from global organizations and governments can help cause an instantaneous effect. This activist-based group reports on ongoing violations to dismantle the current leadership.
  • Save the Children: The group focuses on the development of children in various countries. This organization guarantees that children’s needs are met through first-hand encounters and visits. By holding leaders accountable, Save the Children prioritizes aspects like education, health and resiliency. The nonprofit can apply funds and pressure to hold leadership to their promises.
  • CARE: By providing funds to underdeveloped programs, CARE applies itself to building relief efforts for the children of Myanmar. Besides offering support for necessities, CARE supports other vital programs, such as helping people access basic financial services.
  • World Vision: Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is a central focus of World Vision’s work in Myanmar. The organization ensures children have access to clean water, safe sanitation and proper hygiene practices. Protecting children’s health and well-being is a critical mission, alongside building resilience and long-term sustainability in vulnerable communities.

Final Remarks

These groups share the mission of rebuilding Myanmar and creating future rehabilitation programs. Their focus extends beyond immediate crisis response to long-term developmental growth. By offering programs that build adaptability and support socioeconomic development, citizens gain more than just food and WASH assistance. Strengthening Myanmar’s economic foundation can help ensure greater resilience and stability in the face of future disasters.

– Emma Rowan

Emma is based in Boston, MA, USA and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

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Hunger in Portugal

Hunger in PortugalPortugal is widely recognized for its high quality of life, ranking 19th globally according to U.S. News. The country has universal access to clean drinking water, near-universal sanitation, a literacy rate of 97% as of 2021 and a life expectancy nearing 83 years, according to the World Bank. As a member of the European Union and a nation, Portugal is celebrated for its economic stability, vibrant culture and societal progression. But, despite these successes, hunger and food insecurity remain persistent issues that affect thousands of Portuguese families. 

Poverty’s Persistence

Portugal’s GDP per capita has risen to around $30,000 as of 2024 (an $8,000 increase since 2014, and unemployment has dropped substantially to 6.4 % as of 2024. These statistics reflect impressive progress compared to a decade ago, when the country was still emerging from a financial crisis that left many residents of Portugal in poverty. However, poverty and food insecurity continue to affect vulnerable groups. In 2023, roughly 16.6 % of the population was at risk of poverty. 

The Face of Food Insecurity

Official estimates from Portugal’s National Statistics Institute show that around 4.1 % of the population faces moderate or severe food insecurity. They also report that in 2024, 1.7 % of people reported having felt hungry without having eaten at some point within the 12 months before they were interviewed. 

Children in particular are at high risk. Published in 2025, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 4,737 children living in Portugal. The results of the study showed that 13.2 % of children were living in households considered food insecure. Alarmingly, 25.5 % of those households included children who were overweight/obese. This emphasizes the relationship between poverty, poor nutrition and physical health. 

Policies and The Future

In recent years, food insecurity has become an increasingly prominent issue both globally and within Portugal. This has prompted many coordinated efforts to ensure that vulnerable populations have sufficient access to nutritious food. Fortunately, Portugal has taken important steps to address food insecurity. Through its participation in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023-2027, Portugal is investing in sustainable farming, food security and rural development. Social programs and local charities, including food banks, play a vital role in supporting food-insecure families. 

One of the largest food banks in Portugal is the Banco Alimentar Contra a Fome (Food Bank Against Hunger). The bank is a nationwide network of 21 nonprofit food banks that fight against food waste and hunger in Portugal. They recover surplus food from producers, retailers, and public donations. Additionally, they hold biannual campaigns and run daily food collection efforts to help support families in need. Amazingly, the food bank collected enough food items to provide about 400,000 people with baskets or prepared meals.  

Globally, hunger declined slightly in 2024, yet it is still a pressing issue. Approximately 733 million people face chronic hunger worldwide as of 2023. On paper, Portugal’s hunger statistics appear relatively low compared to global figures. However, for many families, food insecurity is persistent and dominates their lives. With continued efforts, Portugal could further reduce hunger and ensure that all families have access to the nutrition they need.

– Ashton Christo

Ashton is based in Baltimore, MD, USA and focuses on World News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Rebuilding Syria Post-Assad Era

Rebuilding SyriaIn December 2024, Syria’s ruler, Bashar al-Assad, was chased out of the country, bringing an end to the country’s 14-year-long civil war. In the first 10 years following the Syrian revolution, the conflict displaced 13 million people both within Syria and abroad. Continuous bombing, political instability and disease outbreaks have devastated Syria for more than a decade, leading to the destruction of thousands of buildings, including homes, businesses, hospitals and schools.

As a result, 16.5 million people across Syria require humanitarian aid, making it one of the biggest humanitarian crises in the world. Urgent action is needed to repair the damage and provide adequate food, water, shelter and medical care to the displaced in Syria. Fortunately, humanitarian organizations like UNICEF and World Vision, the United Nations (U.N.) and government organizations like the European Union (EU) have been supplying these needs, albeit with struggles.

Syria’s Current Crisis

Syria ranks among the most food-insecure countries globally, with 14.5 million people requiring food assistance. More than seven million people are internally displaced within Syria, of which two million live in refugee camps that fail to meet basic needs. More than half the population lacks stable access to water.

Children are among the most victimized by the ongoing crisis. More than seven million children require humanitarian assistance. Six million children need protection services from forced labor, human trafficking, child marriage and child recruitment in local militias. Thousands of schools within Syria have been destroyed and those still standing have turned into encampments or emergency medical centers. As a result, 2.4 million eligible children are out of school, leaving them at increased risk of child labor, recruitment and trafficking.

Additionally, fewer than 50% of hospitals and medical facilities in Syria are either half-functioning or non-functioning. The lack of medical care has led to an increase in cases of waterborne, respiratory and vaccine-preventable diseases such as cholera and pneumonia, especially among children.

Rebuilding Syria

When factoring in the cost of rebuilding infrastructure, providing humanitarian aid and military spending, it is estimated that the recovery of Syria could take $1.2 trillion. The international community is assuredly investing in crucial aid to Syria. The largest donor is the EU, which has provided more than $37 billion since the beginning of the war in 2011 and pledged to invest more in 2025. The United Kingdom (U.K.) announced it will spend more than $216 million on humanitarian aid in Syria.

UNICEF has been providing aid to Syria since 2011. Over the years, it has given 4.6 million people access to clean water and vaccinated millions of children. It has also delivered additional medical care to 2.2 million women and children. Since the escalation of violence in July, UNICEF has deployed 14 mobile health and nutrition teams, offering medical care to 4,000 children and women and safe drinking water and fuel for pumping stations that benefit more than 30,000 people.

Similarly, World Vision has managed to aid more than 1.2 million Syrians, providing them with food and natural disaster relief. After a devastating earthquake in 2023, World Vision provided shelter and medical care.

Final Remarks

Reaching the millions of Syrians in need will require significant effort to ensure aid is delivered effectively. Meeting these needs is crucial and imperative, demanding that humanitarian organizations continue investing time and resources in rebuilding Syria.

– Zoe Alatsas

Zoe is based in Brooklyn, NY, USA and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Transforming Education in Zimbabwe

Education in Zimbabwe“Not all superheroes wear capes; some carry school bags, walk 10km to class and still dream of changing the world,” says Jacqueline Nyakunu, founder of a small rural education nonprofit in Zimbabwe. Financial support through scholarships, government aid programs like the Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM), NGO initiatives and community-based efforts is vital in improving the education system for vulnerable children in Zimbabwe. These interventions transform their futures and empower communities through increased educational opportunity.

The Challenge of Accessing Education in Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe’s education system experiences some strenuous challenges from systemic underfunding, rural disparities compared to urban areas and holistic inequalities. The government allocated 14% of the national budget to education in 2023, an improvement from 13.4% the previous year. However, it still falls short of the “20% threshold on budgets when it comes to the education sector” recommended by the Dakar Framework.

This constant underfunding has led to poor infrastructure in rural areas, where some schools operate in makeshift garages or abandoned buildings. This leaves students in remote regions, with limited resources and inadequate infrastructure, at a severe disadvantage compared to their urban counterparts. In 2021, an estimated 30,000 students failed to register for national exams due to financial barriers.

High dropout rates compound the problem. UNICEF reports that nearly 50% of children are out of school, specifically in the pre-primary (68%) and adolescent (47%) age groups. Girls face additional hurdles, including period poverty, which affects around 60% of rural girls and contributes to a school attendance rate of 20%, as well as a 21.2% child marriage rate among girls aged 15 to 18 years of age.

Technological inequality further limits learning opportunities, with most rural schools lacking electricity, internet access and digital resources. Most of these schools “do not have the necessary equipment like computers and computer labs needed for ICT studies and virtual learning.” Overall, in the modern world, not having access to the internet or technology while also lacking tangible resources makes it extremely difficult for students to flourish. With 72% of Zimbabwe’s population aged below 18 living in rural areas, these challenges point to a severe education crisis that disproportionately affects the country’s most vulnerable communities.

Government and Institutional Support

Beginning in 2009, Zimbabwe revitalized its BEAM via a partnership between the government and UNICEF to provide tuition, examination fees and rally support to needy students. The initiative targets children in school who are struggling to pay the expenses, dropouts due to financial burdens, those who never enrolled and other socially marginalized groups, such as orphans or children with disabilities. In 2009, BEAM served approximately 527,330 students across 5,055 schools. It achieved approximately 94% of its initial goal of 560,000 beneficiaries, with a gender equity of 50% of beneficiaries for girls.

Despite this early impact, funding challenges quickly developed. In 2011, BEAM received $10 million from donors for primary and special needs schools and $13 million from the government for secondary schools. This fell $7 million short of the $30 million needed to meet the program’s goals. BEAM complements efforts like the Education Transition Fund (ETF). The ETF is designed to supply teaching and learning materials and broader social protection objectives coordinated through district and national Child Protection Committees.

Community-Based Initiatives

The Borgen Project spoke with Nyakunu, a rising senior at Davidson College, who shared her personal journey and the inspiration behind her nonprofit work. She spent her early years in rural Bocha, Zimbabwe, where she and her brother walked close to 15km to reach Chapeyama Primary School, often crossing a river along the way. “Although I enjoyed learning, the long journey and lack of resources made school physically and mentally draining,” she recalled.

Her circumstances changed dramatically when her family moved to an urban area and she transferred to Sakubva Primary School. With access to textbooks, a library and transportation, Nyakunu began to thrive. She eventually graduated top of her class and earned a fully funded place at Davidson College in the U.S.

During the interview, Nyakunu spoke about Start-Up Rural Gen (SURG): the youth-led nonprofit she founded in high school. What began as a capstone project has become an organization that now expands educational access for rural students in Zimbabwe and Kenya.

SURG focuses on addressing both financial and material barriers for Zimbabwe’s education system through four core initiatives:

  • Scholarships: Covering school fees for students whose families are unable to pay.
  • Material Support: Providing essentials like textbooks, stationery, school uniforms and sanitary wear.
  • Mentorship and Career Guidance: Offering workshops and personal mentoring to help students prepare for higher education.
  • Community Engagement and Partnerships: Collaborating with schools, volunteers and donors for sustained impact.

Since 2021, SURG has supported more than 1,000 rural students. Nyakunu highlighted the example of Mt. Matedzi Secondary School, where overcrowded classrooms and limited textbooks make learning difficult. In one case, she described an 11-year-old boy from Mukwada who now receives full support through SURG and consistently ranks at the top of his class. What began with a $600 grant has grown steadily, now receiving funding from sources like Davidson College, AFS Intercultural Programs and even Nyakunu’s income!

Moving Forward

Financial support through government programs like BEAM, scholarships or philanthropic efforts like SURG is more than just assistance; it is a lifeline changing the trajectory of thousands of children in Zimbabwe. These initiatives are closing critical access, resources and opportunity gaps, especially for rural and marginalized communities.

However, continued investments from institutions, local governments, donors and individuals alike are necessary and urgent. This ongoing commitment will ensure education is not a privilege for the few but a fundamental right for every child in Zimbabwe.

– LaRaymee Lee

LaRaymee is based in Missouri City, TX, USA and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Mauritania’s Fisheries: From Ocean Wealth to Food Security

Mauritania’s FisheriesOn the shores of Mauritania lies one of the world’s most abundant fishing zones, created by the convergence of two ocean currents of contrasting temperatures. This unique environment sustains an extraordinary diversity of marine life. The richness of these waters makes them a prime destination for the Mauritania locals and fishing fleets across the globe.

Mauritania’s Fisheries

The high demand of Mauritania’s fishing industry is being threatened by foreign vessels and climate instability, among other things. The fishing industry represents 10% of Mauritania’s GDP, contributes between 35% and 50% of the country’s exports and generates 29% of national budget revenue while supporting as many as 45,000 jobs directly and indirectly.

Safeguarding fishing resources for future generations requires careful monitoring of the country’s 200-mile exclusive economic zone and strict protection of designated conservation areas. Addressing these issues requires a balanced combination of policies, enforcement and community engagement.

Who Is Helping?

A German government-owned development bank, KfW, acting on behalf of the German Federal Government, has played a central role in supporting Mauritania’s efforts. It serves as a leading donor in this vital industry. Funding has been directed toward building a monitoring system integrating satellite technology with radar stations, patrol ships and surveillance vessels, strengthening the fight against illegal fishing.

Nouadhibou is one of two artisanal fishing ports undergoing significant upgrades. Improvements enhancing the oversight of local catches, raising hygiene standards and enabling safer processing all add greater value to the products.

Much of Mauritania’s catch is diverted to fishmeal and fish oil production, often because the quality is too low for direct consumption. However, the government aims to shift this trend by ensuring more of the harvest reaches people’s tables, strengthening food security domestically and across the region. To support this, KfW has introduced a line of credit for Mauritanian banks, enabling them to finance fishing businesses committed to boosting local processing and adding value within the country.

Along with KfW, Mauritania is striving to align economic growth with environmental responsibility through its Sustainable Fishery Partnership Agreement with the European Union (EU). Under this deal, the EU contributes more than $60 million yearly, allowing European fishing vessels to operate in Mauritanian waters, provided they harvest only surplus fish stocks.

Launched in 2022, the agreement features a science-driven management plan that defines catch limits, establishes protected no-fishing areas and enforces seasonal closures to support fish reproduction. Also, regulating fishmeal production and freezing methods. EU funding under the pact strengthens Mauritania’s infrastructure, enhancing ports, coast guard fleets, research facilities, nature reserves and fish markets.

Technical Measures

Over time, several technical measures have been implemented to safeguard marine populations. Starting in 1991, a seasonal pause in fishing was enforced during August and September to allow stock recovery, to which May was added in 2004.

Since 1998, restrictions on demersal fishing (fishing activities that target fish on or near the seabed) have included a cap on overall effort and a requirement that trawl nets use a minimum size. Shallow water trawling, particularly in areas below 20 meters deep, has been prohibited to protect spawning grounds and regulations now mandate minimum sizes for harvested fish.

Fishing activities are regulated through a permit system that considers vessel size, tonnage, number of fishing days, target species, operational zones and the type of gear employed. Most permits are valid for a year, though some are issued for shorter periods. Obtaining a permit requires payment of an access fee, typically determined by the vessel’s gross tonnage and the fishing method.

For pelagic species (fish typically in the midwater/upper layers of the ocean, often in large shoals), a total allowable catch (TAC) framework is in place. The scientific panels convened by the Mauritanian Institute of Oceanographic Research (IMROP) review quotas every five years.

These developments demonstrate a holistic strategy, connecting Mauritania’s fisheries policy with programs such as the Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy. The approach promotes inclusive growth, economic diversification and social cohesion. It also enhances the coordinated management of the coastlines, ultimately strengthening the sustainability and livelihoods of those communities fishing for a living in Mauritania.

Final Remarks

Mauritania’s fisheries are vital to its economy and food security. With stronger policies, international support and sustainable practices, the country can protect its marine wealth while securing lasting livelihoods and growth.

– Gabriella Luneau

Gabriella is based in Raleigh, NC, USA and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

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Clean Water Access in Nigeria: How Communities Solve the Crisis

Clean Water Access in NigeriaRural communities in Nigeria face the steepest hurdles to access clean, safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Many households still rely on unprotected wells, streams or vendors, while schools and clinics struggle without reliable WASH services. UNICEF estimates that millions remain without basic drinking water and that open defecation persists on a large scale, with the burden falling hardest on rural families.

Nigeria’s Water Sanitation and Hygiene National Outcome Routine Mapping (WASHNORM) 2021 assessment shows wide rural and wealth-based gaps in access, underscoring the need to invest where services lag the most.

Health and School Attendance

Unsafe water and poor sanitation drive diarrheal disease, cholera outbreaks and undernutrition, which in turn keep children out of class. Schools without toilets or handwashing stations see higher absenteeism and girls are more likely to miss lessons during menstruation when facilities are inadequate.

UNICEF reporting links improved school WASH to better attendance and fewer disease outbreaks, while global WASH-in-Schools data show that safe water, private toilets and soap at school are tied to learning and dignity, particularly for girls.

WaterAid Nigeria: Community WASH in Action

WaterAid Nigeria partners with state governments and communities to install and maintain water points, expand sanitation and promote everyday hygiene behaviors. Its 2023–2028 country strategy prioritizes systems strengthening so local authorities can finance, operate and sustain services beyond a single project cycle.

WaterAid is also part of technical groups that support behavior change, supply chains and accountability, helping rural districts build reliable access and keep services working.

Clean Nigeria: Use the Toilet

The federal government’s Clean Nigeria campaign aims to end open defecation by 2025 and move households toward safely managed sanitation. The campaign mobilizes states, local governments and households through community-led approaches, public awareness and certification of open defecation-free areas.

UNICEF supports the effort with technical assistance and outreach and recent updates highlight the urgency of accelerating progress so that gains are sustained across rural districts.

National Action Plan: A Path to 2030

Nigeria’s National Action Plan for the Revitalization of the WASH Sector sets a three-phase roadmap that includes an 18-month emergency plan, a five-year recovery program and a long-term strategy through 2030.

The plan outlines a renewed federal-state partnership, more precise service targets and stronger financing so rural communities can gain and sustain access. Civil society groups summarize how the plan links with the national sanitation campaign, aligning policy and implementation at the state and local levels.

Building Pathways Out of Poverty

Expanding rural access to clean, safe water and sanitation reduces disease, protects household income and keeps children in school in Nigeria. It also creates jobs in construction, operations and local supply chains. Indeed, the World Bank’s SURWASH program projects service gains in water and sanitation and upgrades in schools and health facilities, complementing Clean Nigeria and NGO partnerships.

Continued investment in these approaches could help Nigeria scale reliable services and unlock health and education gains that drive long-term poverty reduction.

– Joseph Hasty

Joseph is based in Winter Park, FL, USA and focuses on Technology and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr