South Korea, a nation often celebrated for its economic success and democratic progress, is now grappling with one of the most significant political crises in its recent history. The impeachment of President Yoon Suk Yeol in December 2024, following his controversial declaration of martial law, has exposed deep-rooted tensions in governance. As authorities attempt to arrest the impeached leader, the events highlight the fragility and rule of law in South Korea, raising questions about the resilience of its democratic institutions.
The Historical Shadow of Martial Law
Martial law has long been a contentious issue in South Korea. The infamous Gwangju Uprising of 1980, where military forces violently suppressed pro-democracy demonstrations, remains a painful reminder of the dangers of unchecked executive power. Indeed, this history amplifies public distrust of martial law declarations and underscores the need for transparent governance.
President Yoon’s decision to impose martial law in early December 2024, citing vague national security threats by attributing them as “North Korea’s communist forces,” revived these fears. Citizens argued that the move lacked sufficient justification, prompting widespread protests.
These demonstrations mirrored the spirit of South Korea’s Candlelight Revolution in 2016, demonstrating the resilience of its civil society in demanding accountability and upholding democratic norms.
Protests: Lack of Evidence and Growing Distrust
The government’s failure to provide evidence justifying martial law further fueled public outrage. The lack of transparency led to accusations of authoritarian overreach, prompting citizens to take to the streets. Protesters and legal experts alike questioned whether the declaration adhered to constitutional principles, revealing the fragility and rule of law in South Korea, according to The Guardian.
These events emphasize the importance of strengthening democratic processes to ensure that emergency powers are not misused. Furthermore, transparency and accountability remain critical in rebuilding public trust in South Korea’s institutions.
Presidential Impeachment and Challenges in Arrest
President Yoon’s impeachment marked a turning point in this crisis. However, his subsequent refusal to cooperate with law enforcement has highlighted significant flaws in the country’s legal framework. On December 31, 2024, a South Korean court issued an arrest warrant for Yoon, citing his alleged abuse of power and unconstitutional actions. Yet, attempts to detain him have faced resistance.
The first arrest attempt on January 3, 2025, resulted in a standoff at Yoon’s residence, with presidential guards preventing investigators from entering. Authorities suspended their efforts, seeking a warrant extension as the original expired on January 6, 2025. A renewed warrant was issued on January 7, but Yoon has continued to evade arrest.
Yoon Suk Yeol has avoided arrest due to his security team’s resistance and the strong support of loyalists rallying outside his residence, BBC reports. Despite losing his powers, Yoon’s security detail blocked police attempts, citing loyalty. The political stalemate reflects broader legal uncertainties and deep divisions within South Korea.
Strengthening Rule of Law in South Korea
The political turmoil in South Korea has underscored the urgency of safeguarding democratic institutions and upholding the rule of law. During this critical period, organizations like People’s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (PSPD), Transparency International Korea, and the Asia Democracy Network (ADN) have stepped up to address the crisis, advocating for accountability, reform, and the resilience of democracy.
The PSPD, an NGO that engages “in various democratic movements for participatory democracy and human rights,” hailed the impeachment of President Yoon Suk-yeol as a victory for the people. The organization emphasized that the National Assembly’s decision reflected public outrage over unconstitutional actions, including attempts to suspend democratic institutions. In their statement, PSPD called for President Yoon’s arrest and thorough investigation, declaring:
“Today’s passage of the impeachment motion is the result of the people’s firm determination to not recognize as the head of state someone who has thrown away the democracy and constitutional order they have worked so hard to achieve,” PSPD stated on its website.
Transparency International Korea
Transparency International Korea aims to “raise greater awareness in people, to eliminate the widespread corruption in the society, and to contribute in building a righteous society through anti-corruption activities.” It condemned Yoon’s declaration of martial law, labeling it unconstitutional and a grave assault on democracy. Its statement read: “Democracy is a system where diverse political groups coexist through negotiation and compromise. President Yoon’s rhetoric, labeling opposition as ‘anti-state forces,’ undermines the core values of a democratic society.
Furthermore, Transparency International Korea has called for Yoon’s resignation and impeachment to restore trust in South Korea’s democratic framework.
ADN aims to “promote and advance democratization and democratic governance at all levels of society through effective solidarity and cooperation among civil society organizations and democracy advocates in Asia.” It has expressed solidarity with South Korean citizens, applauding their dedication to defending democratic principles. ADN emphasized the broader significance of the crisis, stating: “This moment serves as a reminder of the collective responsibility to defend and nurture democracy across Asia and the world.”
Together, these organizations highlight the path forward: addressing systemic weaknesses, fostering accountability, and ensuring public trust in South Korea’s democratic processes.
Resilience Amid Crisis: A Hopeful Future
The fragility and rule of law in South Korea have been severely tested but also reinforced through civic action and institutional accountability. However, with President Yoon Suk-yeol now arrested and accountability measures underway, South Korea stands at a pivotal moment in its democratic history.
By supporting the efforts of organizations like PSPD, Transparency International Korea, and ADN, South Korea can turn this crisis into an opportunity for reform and progress. Indeed, this moment serves as a powerful reminder of the collective responsibility to protect democracy—not only in South Korea but across Asia.
Through resilience, collaboration and a commitment to justice, the nation can emerge stronger, reaffirming its place as a leader in democratic governance and the rule of law.
– Mmanoko Faith Molobetsi
Mmanoko is based in Pretoria ,South Africa and focuses on Good News and Politics for The Borgen Project.
Photo: Unsplash
Everything to Know About Poverty in Indonesia
Reducing Poverty in Indonesia
In recent times, Indonesia has made positive strides in poverty reduction. In 2024, more than 3 million Indonesians were lifted out of poverty, as the poverty rate fell to 9%, the lowest in the country’s history. This figure is a significant achievement considering that just over two decades ago, poverty levels in some rural areas were documented as high as 76%.
The steady decline of poverty in Indonesia is present in both rural and urban areas. Recent records showed that urban poverty levels were 7.1%, and poverty in rural areas was at 11.8%.
Indonesia’s Economy
The sustained progress and success in the alleviation of poverty in Indonesia is rooted in the strong economic growth of the country. Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and has an abundance of natural resources such as nickel, palm oil and rubber. Additionally, Indonesia’s burgeoning tourism and manufacturing sectors contribute significantly to the country’s GDP and are vital in helping to attract foreign investment. Over the past three years, Indonesian manufactured exports of footwear have risen by 67%.
Challenges to Poverty Alleviation
The fight against poverty in Indonesia appears to be improving. However, upon closer inspection, the economic vulnerability and precarious circumstances that millions of Indonesians experience becomes apparent.
More than 40% of Indonesians remain economically insecure, while a further 25 million are classified as poor and survive on less than $36 each month. Moreover, critics have attributed the recent progression in the rates of poverty alleviation to social assistance, in the form of cash payments and staple food disbursements. Critics argue that this is a short-term solution that fails to address the underlying causes of poverty.
The dispersed nature of the Indonesian population makes the proliferation of equality and opportunity challenging. It is recognized that empowering rural communities is essential to further reduce poverty rates. Consequently, the government has introduced a series of economic investment packages to promote and incentivize additional business activities outside of agriculture.
Education
An improvement in the accessibility and quality of education is central to reducing poverty in Indonesia. Education helps to break the perpetual cycle of poverty by removing the barriers to social mobility and improving economic opportunity. Through education, a person is more likely to gain formal employment and subsequently earn a higher wage.
Over the past two decades, the education system in Indonesia has been subject to several major reforms, including a constitutional mandate to allocate 20% of the national budget for education. Additionally, many practical solutions have been enacted, such as consulting with business leaders to help shape the school curriculum in accordance with the relevant demands of the job market.
Overall, the accessibility and quality of education in Indonesia has steadily increased, reached gender parity and created enhanced employment prospects. However, enrolment in secondary education remains limited in some rural areas.
Food Security
Indonesia is ranked 77/125 in the Global Hunger Index and remains vulnerable to food insecurity. In 2023, the World Food Programme (WFP) declared the levels of malnutrition across Indonesia as concerning, as around 23 million people were unable to meet their dietary needs. Additionally, the geographical location of Indonesia increases its susceptibility to natural disasters, potentially further jeopardizing food security and leading to fluctuations in food prices.
In January 2025, a new food program launched across Indonesia. The government initiative aims to help combat widespread malnutrition by providing free nutritious meals to more than 80 million people by 2029. The program has found initial success and delivered around 500,000 meals on the first day. Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has backed the program, although critics have questioned its sustainability, due to logistical and financial constraints.
Looking to the Future
For the 100th anniversary of Indonesia, former President Joko Widodo created the Golden Indonesia 2045 Vision. As part of this ambitious development plan and drive to become a leading global power, Indonesia has pledged to reduce poverty to almost zero.
Indonesia’s success in reducing poverty is encouraging. Its flourishing economy and improvements in education have provided millions with the opportunity to attain higher-paid employment and break free from the cycle of poverty. However, as Indonesia enters a critical transitionary period, it is pertinent that the millions still enduring poverty and inequality are not overlooked. Empowering the most vulnerable and marginalized sections of society remains vital in alleviating inequality and poverty in Indonesia in the future.
– Ollie Roberts
Photo: Flickr
Poverty in Jamaica: The World Bank Renovates Kingston’s Waterfront
The revitalized Waterfront has the potential to invigorate the local economy. Nigel Clarke, former Jamaica’s Minister of Finance and Public Service, commented: “This government is creating public spaces to serve the Jamaican people. This will revitalize downtown Kingston.”
The Timeline for Waterfront Renovations
Phases one and two of the Kingston Waterfront Improvement Project, known as KIWI, will run from 2024 to 2030. The project’s first phase will fund the creation of a multi-use park along Kingston’s waterfront. It will feature recreational amenities like bike paths, playgrounds, sports fields, street furniture and landscaped areas.
The second phase will “focus on the park’s construction, small-scale infrastructure works and urban upgrading.” The total amount that the budget covers for both phases is approximately $40 million. This large sum will work to reestablish Jamaica’s economy by its inherent benefit to the community. This could benefit around 700,000 Jamaicans by providing them with new job opportunities in the tourism sector, retail or small business booths in downtown Jamaica.
Kingston’s Waterfront Statistics and Employment Rate
In September 2022, Jamaica’s economic enrichment statistics from tourism indicate how urbanization of Kingston’s waterfront has the potential to further fortify its economy. Tourism keeps Jamaica involved in foreign commerce, building its independent value. Statistically, tourism in Jamaica directly employs 175,000 Jamaicans and indirectly employs around 354,000.
Professor Lloyd Webber highlighted tourism’s necessity in Jamaica by saying that consistent efforts must be made toward the Jamaican economy to maintain Jamaica’s status as a tourism hotspot. The Kingston Waterfront would do just that, building jobs, a more bustling economy and community cohesion, which would mitigate crime rates inherently.
Long-Term Jobs Create Long-Term Solutions for Islanders
While Jamaica is known as a bustling island nation, it faces significant socioeconomic challenges, including poverty and crime. According to the World Bank, approximately 17% of Jamaica’s population lives in poverty, with low-quality jobs leaving many Jamaicans vulnerable to economic shocks.
According to Graeme Young, “a Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow,” the lack of sustainable jobs makes it difficult for Jamaicans to afford nutritious food. Young argued that government policies fail to address the root issue: supply and demand. Young also highlighted Kingston’s primary challenges: low sales and insufficient customers.
Therefore, the renovation of Kingston’s Waterfront presents an opportunity to rebuild the economy, creating a vibrant, safe environment that benefits tourists and locals alike, whilst reducing poverty in Jamaica.
– Madeline Star Heintz
Photo: Pexels
Renewable Energy in Latvia
Current Renewable Energy Landscape
Latvia’s renewable energy sector ranks among the most developed in Europe, with hydropower accounting for more than 50% of its electricity production. This dominance stems from the country’s extensive network of rivers and dams, which play a crucial role in powering the national energy grid. Biomass energy is another critical component of Latvia’s renewable strategy, supported by its vast forest resources covering more than 42% of the country. Investments in biomass energy have significantly improved efficiency and environmental preservation. Over the past five years, electricity generated in biomass cogeneration plants and power stations has surged by 144.2%, highlighting the sector’s rapid growth.
Future Potential in Renewables
Latvia’s renewable energy ambitions align closely with the EU Green Deal, which seeks carbon neutrality by 2050. Through its National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), Latvia aims to increase the share of renewable energy to 50% by 2030. This plan prioritizes modernizing the national grid, enhancing energy storage and scaling up wind and solar energy capacity. Offshore wind energy holds immense potential for Latvia, due to favorable wind conditions in the Baltic Sea. Collaborative efforts with Estonia and Lithuania are exploring large-scale offshore wind farm projects to address regional energy needs and reduce dependency on traditional energy sources. Solar energy, while still underutilized, is gaining momentum as small-scale projects emerge nationwide.
Challenges in Renewable Energy Development
Despite Latvia’s progress, challenges remain. Heavy reliance on hydropower makes the energy system vulnerable to fluctuations in river flow, which are increasingly influenced by climate change. While high water flows in 2023 enabled hydropower plants to produce their second-largest electricity output in 25 years, periods of drought or low water flow could significantly disrupt energy generation. Financial constraints also pose a barrier to expanding renewable energy infrastructure. High project costs necessitate greater foreign investment and partnerships.
Empowering Communities Through Renewables
In 2020, the Mārupe Municipality launched Latvia’s first community energy project under the ShareRES initiative. This small-scale renewable energy solution empowers residents to generate and manage their electricity through solar panel installations. Residents have reported lower energy costs and reinvested these savings into other community initiatives. The success of this project highlights the potential of grassroots renewable energy solutions and serves as a blueprint for similar initiatives nationwide.
A Vision for the Future
Latvia’s renewable energy journey reflects a blend of ambition, innovation and community-driven initiatives. By embracing wind, solar and other clean energy sources, Latvia aims to complement its existing hydropower and biomass strengths while mitigating risks tied to climate change. Furthermore, grassroots projects, like the Mārupe Municipality initiative, underscore the importance of local engagement in achieving national and EU energy goals. Through strategic investments, international collaboration and a focus on sustainable development, Latvia can potentially become a model for renewable energy in Northern Europe. Its commitment to a greener future not only benefits its citizens but also contributes to the broader fight against climate change.
– Avery Hazard
Photo: Flickr
Tech Startups Transform Vision and Hearing in Africa
Health Care Landscape in Africa
Africa has undergone a rigorous transition and in recent years there have been many positive shifts in related health outcomes. By 2050, 163 million people on the continent will reach the age of 60 and the population is expected to be a staggering 2.8 billion. These successes contribute significantly to the success of the continent as a whole with more individuals reaching working age and more women entering the workforce.
Visual impairment is a significant issue in Africa. 26.3 million people across the region suffer from some form of visual impairment whether that be: cataracts, uncorrected refractive errors, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal opacities, diabetic retinopathy, trachoma and onchocerciasis and It is estimated that 15.3% of the world’s blind population reside in Africa.
With today’s medical knowledge, up to 80% of blindness is preventable and treatable. Cost-effective interventions are available for the major causes of avoidable blindness. However, millions of people in the Region remain at risk of visual loss due to the lack of eye-care services.
Evidence indicates that ‘avoidable blindness’ such as that caused by communicable diseases like trachoma and onchocerciasis (river blindness) is decreasing, whereas noncommunicable age-related eye conditions (e.g. cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy) are increasing. So far, The control of river blindness through the Onchocerciasis Control Programme has resulted in the prevention of 600,000 cases of blindness.
Startups Leading the Way in Vision and Hearing Accessibility
The Future of Accessible Vision and Hearing in Africa
The journey toward accessible health care for vision and hearing in Africa requires immediate, innovative and collaborative solutions. Underdeveloped health care systems demand a mix of public and private sector involvement. With the rise of startups like Lapaire and HearX, as well as conferences like Inclusive Africa, progress continues while promoting digital accessibility. Addressing the core issues of human resources, budget allocation and management could further advance these ongoing efforts. Through these combined ventures, Africa moves closer to a future where vision and hearing accessibility become realities for all.
– Ayat Aslam
Photo: Flickr
Renewable Energy in Bahrain
Current Renewable Energy Landscape
Renewable energy in Bahrain is still very limited as progress is in development. A prominent project is a collaboration between Bahrain Petroleum Company (Bapco) and Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company PJSC– Masdar, which has shown potential for wind energy that can help meet both industrial and domestic demands in the country. The agreement between the two energy companies could help improve the development and investment in Bahrain’s wind projects. Previously, Masdar has helped build and invest in the Dumat Al Jandal wind farm in Saudi Arabia, the largest wind project farm in the Middle East. In addition, Bahrain is also planning a heat waste recovery pilot program, which gathers excess heat to be captured and converted to electricity.
Future Potential
Bahrain’s renewable energy targets align with the nation’s Vision 2030, including the goal to generate 5% of its energy from renewable sources by 2025 and 10% by 2035, according to the UNDP report. This includes starting more renewable technologies to diversifying to the mix of solar, wind, and waste-to-energy technologies.
Bahrain, due to its geopolitical position, should focus on expanding its solar capabilities. Solar energy is the most viable option due to the nation’s abundant sunshine, which averages more than 3,000 hours of sunlight annually and can be the most advantageous.
The country’s strategic location and expertise in financial services position it to attract foreign investment in renewables. Public-private partnerships and international collaboration, particularly with organizations like the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), are being leveraged to fund and implement large-scale projects.
The installation of solar panels in Bahraini households under the Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) initiative is providing a reliable and sustainable source of electricity for rural and urban households alike. Businesses are also adopting rooftop solar solutions to reduce energy costs and minimize their carbon footprint.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite Bahrain’s progress, challenges remain as the nation faces limited land availability, high initial costs, and the need for skilled labor and technical expertise. The country’s reliance on natural gas for power generation shows the need for gradual transition strategies that balance economic and environmental priorities. Opportunities from solar energy development to waste-to-energy efforts can increase Bahrain’s renewable development and help address the country’s energy challenges.
– Avery Hazard
Photo: Flickr
Addressing Disability and Poverty in Zambia
Zambia, a nation that is home to about 20 million people, achieved middle-income status in 2011 after enjoying one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa during the 2000s. However, as the nation developed, people with disabilities, who make up 10.9% of the adult (18+) population and 4.4% of the young persons (2-17) population, have been left behind. Here is information about disability and poverty in Zambia and what is being done to address it.
Ableism and Employment in Zambia
For individuals living in poverty with disabilities in Zambia, life is fraught with obstacles, often marked by ableism which prevents many from accessing employment. About 10% of people with disabilities in the country have reported experiencing abuse, including physical violence (8%, primarily affecting men) and sexual violence (2%, predominantly targeting women), just because of their disabilities.
The national disability survey is that 8% have faced discrimination from using public services. Those with disabilities in Zambia not only face barriers in life, but also stigma due to their disabilities. Disability is often misunderstood. Many people think that being disabled in Zambia is a consequence of sin, maternal promiscuity, an ancestral curse or demonic possession.
One can see a reflection of these stereotypes in Zambia’s employment statistics. The unemployment rate for people with disabilities was at 16.8% compared to just 12.5% of those without disability according to UNICEF in Zambia. This highlights the likelihood of a correlation between disability and poverty in Zambia.
Challenges to Education and Skills Attainment
One of the most severe challenges to disability and poverty in Zambia is access to education. This remains a significant challenge for disabled Zambians. Only 80.8% of people with disabilities reported attending primary school, compared to 89.9% of those without disabilities. Many schools lack the infrastructure to meet disabled students’ needs, and most teachers are not trained in disability-inclusive teaching methods. Additionally, only 20% of disabled individuals use assistive devices, with an even smaller percentage among school-age children, leaving some unable to participate in education.
Without more than a primary education, many disabled children cannot acquire the skills needed for employment, while further education institutions and workplaces often lack the infrastructure to support them. This limited access to education and job training traps many in poverty. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), “the majority of Zambians with disabilities live in poverty.”
After the release of the national disability survey in 2015, the Zambian government launched the National Policy on Disability in February 2016 aiming to provide equal opportunities for all citizens, with or without disabilities, by 2030.
The Solution
Zambia’s National Policy on Disability addresses a range of areas, but these are the five key aspects of the policy the government has introduced to support people with disabilities to escape poverty:
These measures aim to reduce poverty among disabled Zambians and create a more inclusive society by increasing access to education to reduce the attainment gap for disabled children. They also aim to increase opportunities for adults to gain skills so they can enter the workforce and educate the whole nation on the causes of disability so that outdated stereotypes and ableism are things of the past.
Looking Ahead
The results of Zambia’s National Policy on Disability will remain unclear until the government conducts another national disability survey. However, the policy’s intentions demonstrate a clear commitment to investing in and protecting the nation’s disabled population while striving to ensure they are treated with the same respect and opportunities as everyone else in Zambian society. The economic success of the 2000s cannot benefit only those without disabilities. The International Labour Organization’s observation that “the majority of Zambians with disabilities live in poverty” underscores a persistent inequality the government aims to address.
While it may take time to analyze and scrutinize Zambia’s National Policy on Disability, it represents an ambitious effort to address disability and poverty in Zambia and create a more equitable society.
– Oliver Hedges
Photo: Flickr
Fragility and Rule of Law in South Korea
The Historical Shadow of Martial Law
Martial law has long been a contentious issue in South Korea. The infamous Gwangju Uprising of 1980, where military forces violently suppressed pro-democracy demonstrations, remains a painful reminder of the dangers of unchecked executive power. Indeed, this history amplifies public distrust of martial law declarations and underscores the need for transparent governance.
President Yoon’s decision to impose martial law in early December 2024, citing vague national security threats by attributing them as “North Korea’s communist forces,” revived these fears. Citizens argued that the move lacked sufficient justification, prompting widespread protests.
These demonstrations mirrored the spirit of South Korea’s Candlelight Revolution in 2016, demonstrating the resilience of its civil society in demanding accountability and upholding democratic norms.
Protests: Lack of Evidence and Growing Distrust
The government’s failure to provide evidence justifying martial law further fueled public outrage. The lack of transparency led to accusations of authoritarian overreach, prompting citizens to take to the streets. Protesters and legal experts alike questioned whether the declaration adhered to constitutional principles, revealing the fragility and rule of law in South Korea, according to The Guardian.
These events emphasize the importance of strengthening democratic processes to ensure that emergency powers are not misused. Furthermore, transparency and accountability remain critical in rebuilding public trust in South Korea’s institutions.
Presidential Impeachment and Challenges in Arrest
President Yoon’s impeachment marked a turning point in this crisis. However, his subsequent refusal to cooperate with law enforcement has highlighted significant flaws in the country’s legal framework. On December 31, 2024, a South Korean court issued an arrest warrant for Yoon, citing his alleged abuse of power and unconstitutional actions. Yet, attempts to detain him have faced resistance.
The first arrest attempt on January 3, 2025, resulted in a standoff at Yoon’s residence, with presidential guards preventing investigators from entering. Authorities suspended their efforts, seeking a warrant extension as the original expired on January 6, 2025. A renewed warrant was issued on January 7, but Yoon has continued to evade arrest.
Yoon Suk Yeol has avoided arrest due to his security team’s resistance and the strong support of loyalists rallying outside his residence, BBC reports. Despite losing his powers, Yoon’s security detail blocked police attempts, citing loyalty. The political stalemate reflects broader legal uncertainties and deep divisions within South Korea.
Strengthening Rule of Law in South Korea
The political turmoil in South Korea has underscored the urgency of safeguarding democratic institutions and upholding the rule of law. During this critical period, organizations like People’s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (PSPD), Transparency International Korea, and the Asia Democracy Network (ADN) have stepped up to address the crisis, advocating for accountability, reform, and the resilience of democracy.
The PSPD, an NGO that engages “in various democratic movements for participatory democracy and human rights,” hailed the impeachment of President Yoon Suk-yeol as a victory for the people. The organization emphasized that the National Assembly’s decision reflected public outrage over unconstitutional actions, including attempts to suspend democratic institutions. In their statement, PSPD called for President Yoon’s arrest and thorough investigation, declaring:
“Today’s passage of the impeachment motion is the result of the people’s firm determination to not recognize as the head of state someone who has thrown away the democracy and constitutional order they have worked so hard to achieve,” PSPD stated on its website.
Transparency International Korea
Transparency International Korea aims to “raise greater awareness in people, to eliminate the widespread corruption in the society, and to contribute in building a righteous society through anti-corruption activities.” It condemned Yoon’s declaration of martial law, labeling it unconstitutional and a grave assault on democracy. Its statement read: “Democracy is a system where diverse political groups coexist through negotiation and compromise. President Yoon’s rhetoric, labeling opposition as ‘anti-state forces,’ undermines the core values of a democratic society.
Furthermore, Transparency International Korea has called for Yoon’s resignation and impeachment to restore trust in South Korea’s democratic framework.
ADN aims to “promote and advance democratization and democratic governance at all levels of society through effective solidarity and cooperation among civil society organizations and democracy advocates in Asia.” It has expressed solidarity with South Korean citizens, applauding their dedication to defending democratic principles. ADN emphasized the broader significance of the crisis, stating: “This moment serves as a reminder of the collective responsibility to defend and nurture democracy across Asia and the world.”
Together, these organizations highlight the path forward: addressing systemic weaknesses, fostering accountability, and ensuring public trust in South Korea’s democratic processes.
Resilience Amid Crisis: A Hopeful Future
The fragility and rule of law in South Korea have been severely tested but also reinforced through civic action and institutional accountability. However, with President Yoon Suk-yeol now arrested and accountability measures underway, South Korea stands at a pivotal moment in its democratic history.
By supporting the efforts of organizations like PSPD, Transparency International Korea, and ADN, South Korea can turn this crisis into an opportunity for reform and progress. Indeed, this moment serves as a powerful reminder of the collective responsibility to protect democracy—not only in South Korea but across Asia.
Through resilience, collaboration and a commitment to justice, the nation can emerge stronger, reaffirming its place as a leader in democratic governance and the rule of law.
– Mmanoko Faith Molobetsi
Photo: Unsplash
Elderly Poverty in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pension System Struggles
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s pension system consists of two different pension funds, The Federation (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS). However, The International Journals of Integrated Care (IJIC) reports that nearly 60% of the elderly population lacks access to pension benefits and social care. Due to the financial consequences of the Bosnian war, a proper pension system became necessary for the people of Bosnia. In 2011, Republika Srpska (RS) launched a pension reform to reduce pension contribution arrears. In 2018, The Federation (FBiH) took on a similar reform in hope for a better pension system for Bosnians. According to a 2021 weekly briefing by the China-CEE institute, both pension systems will be stable for the next decade. However, for future sustainability both systems would need further reformation such as labor incentive policies and making these systems administrative friendly.
A Need for Long-Term Health Care
Without a universal healthcare system, the large elderly population of Bosnia has had unequal access to health care. Those who do have access to health care have to spend an undesirable amount on health care and “almost entirely consisting of out-of-pocket payments which are mainly spent on medicines and therapeutic appliances” according to the European Observatory. Bosnian citizens spend twice as much for health care than European Union citizens.
The Bosnian War, which physically and emotionally scarred many citizens, has made access to adequate health care vital. According to the World Bank, the Bosnian government spends only 9% of its GDP on health care, which is three times lower than any other country in the EU. As a result, Bosnia and Herzegovina has one of the lowest-quality healthcare systems in Europe. The COVID-19 pandemic only set back years of positive work done for health care in Bosnia however, with humanitarian groups like World Bank, many Bosnians will likely have more adequate health care in the years to come.
Positive Change Incoming
Humanitarian groups such as the World Bank, have made strides to tackle elderly poverty in Bosnia and Herzegovina through projects like the Strengthening Transparency and Accountability of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Health Systems Project. The Project, which started in 2022, focuses on improving the transparency and efficiency of Bosnian health systems. One goal of the project is to ensure better health care for all citizens with an emphasis on the elderly individuals who are disproportionately effected. Other groups such as the United Kingdom Agency for International Development (UKAID) and the UK Good Governance Fund (GGF) have been working closely with specifically health ministries in Bosnia for health care reformation. With the BiH working in partner with these groups, elderly Bosnians can have hope once again.
Looking Ahead
Elderly poverty in Bosnia and Herzegovina has continued to overwhelm the BiH for more than 30 years, failing to provide adequate social support and healthcare systems. However, with current social system reforms and outside humanitarian groups, Bosnians have hope. While conditions are improving, sustained collaboration between the government and other outside groups is vital for reducing elderly poverty in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
– Naseem Rahman
Photo: Flickr
Diseases Impacting Lesotho
Lesotho is a tiny country totally encircled by South Africa. It has a land mass more than 11,000 square miles. With the country sitting within the mountain range of Maloti, Lesotho is frequently called the “Kingdom in the Sky.” While nature-made peaks and valleys provide the country with a beautiful landscape, the population struggles under an ineffective health care system that is challenged with managing several diseases impacting Lesotho.
3 Diseases Impacting Lesotho
Optimism in Lesotho
The good news is that the country is making progress in addressing the diseases impacting Lesotho. Lesotho’s Ministry of Health (MOH) is working jointly with the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on several projects focused on improving the country’s health care system. Some of these changes include:
With support from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the CDC and Lesotho’s MOH also made improvements with testing, diagnosing and treating, specifically for HIV and TB.
Addressing TB in Lesotho
Regarding TB, the partnership between the World Health Organization (WHO) and MOH is focusing on identifying individuals with TB in a much quicker fashion. With many of the population living in difficult-to-reach areas, local health facilities are making an effort to screen and test individuals who seek care. This cost-effective practice is helping to identify TB positive individuals sooner and get them started on medication treatment quicker. In doing so, a higher survival rate is being achieved along with decreasing the risk for spreading the disease.
Although the burden of TB is still high in Lesotho, the country is seeing success. As of spring of 2024, approximately 77% of positive TB individuals were on medication treatment. Many of the partnered organizations are confident that Lesotho will achieve WHO’s established goals for ending TB by 2030.
Lesotho and the 90-90-90 Goals
As for HIV/AIDS, the country met the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDs (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 goals. These goals roughly defined are:
Lesotho achieved these goals impart through partnerships between the MOH, CDC and PEPFAR. The joint efforts created a survey tool called the Lesotho Population-based HIV Impact Assessments (LePHIA). The purpose of this tool was to identify how the country was managing HIV disease. Data collection involved trained surveyors making home visits to evaluate people’s risks for contracting HIV. The surveyors also provided preventive education and performed HIV testing and counseling. These same surveyors also helped to ensure HIV positive individuals were receiving medication treatment.
Although rates continue to be high, additional data finds Lesotho improving with addressing HIV disease. Data collected from a second survey (LePHIA 2020) found the rate of new HIV infections dropped more than 50%. Furthermore, the data indicates that more HIV positive individuals are being appropriately treated for maintaining viral suppression. Similar to TB, improvements with the management of HIV are leading to higher survival rates and lower disease transmission rates.
The HPV Vaccine
To address cervical cancer, Lesotho’s MOH and the CDC jointly implemented a nation-wide vaccination program. This program focused on immunizing young girls with the HPV vaccine. The program effectively immunized 93% of young girls with the HPV vaccine. With an efficacy rate more than 98%, the program is a strong effort towards decreasing the occurrence of cervical cancer.
Looking Ahead
In a country where more than 40% of the population lives in the remote areas of the mountain and foothills, controlling diseases country-wide is crucial. Especially when access to care is challenging. With meaningful changes to the health system, the health of the population will improve and with new processes in place for TB, HIV and cervical cancer, individuals will have much healthier lives. The life expectancy rates which averaged around 48 and 54 years of age for men and women respectively in 2021, will rise. With longer life expectancies, family life will improve. Besides providing loving and nurturing environments for children, having parents living longer will also help to ensure the education and personal growth of children. These are crucial elements for a population to retain its identity and to feel of value. These changes in the health system will go far for addressing the diseases impacting Lesotho and its population.
– Kelly Chalupnik
Photo: Flickr
Disability and Poverty in Barbados
The eastern Caribbean island of Barbados is a popular tourist destination, but despite its foreign allure the country struggles severely with poverty, specifically amongst the disabled community. Here is some information about disability and poverty in Barbados.
Disabilities in Barbados
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities defines a person with a disability as “someone with a long-term or short-term impairment that affects their physical, mental, intellectual, developmental or sensory abilities.” Barbados follows this definition.
People with a disability are more likely to live in poverty due to social, cultural and economic hindrances. About 85 million persons with disabilities in Latin America and the Caribbean face vulnerability in education, the labor market and health care.
According to the Barbados Survey of Living Conditions, the rate of poverty increased from 15.1 % in 2010 to 17.2 % in 2016 and as of 2010. Additionally, 7% of the total population live with a disability.
The Barbados Council for the Disabled includes a section on common disabilities in the country which include autism, deafness, down syndrome, intellectual challenges, visual impairment and muscular dystrophy. The council works to spread awareness about these disabilities.
The Good News
On June 14th, 2024, The Minister of Home Affairs in Barbados, Edmund Gregory Hinkson, wrote to the United Nations a statement on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Convention. Hinkson states that “Our Government is ensuring that persons with disabilities are provided with the essential opportunities, including accessibility to decent housing and to benefits such as access to State trust loans for entrepreneurial ventures, leading to their increased meaningful participation and inclusion in all aspects of Barbadian life.”
A recent accomplishment of the Barbados Council for the Disabled is the Fully Accessible Barbados (FAB) Programme. The program focuses on services like accessible transportation and inclusive education, as well as making structural changes to tourist attractions and all public spaces in order to provide accessibility for persons with disabilities.
Living With Disability
The Barbados Council for the Disabled also recognizes achievements of those with disabilities. In December 2024, the council celebrated Swanye Brown and Kimberly Puckering. Swanye Brown, a Barbadian with cerebral palsy, received the Harambee Award for Leadership Development. Brown is known for speaking out about challenges that the disabled community faces, such as employment and accessibility. Kimberly Puckering, a Barbadian with a hearing impairment, received the Harambee Award for Entrepreneurship for her business. In 2024, Puckering launched Kim’s Delight which has had significant success in the community.
Moving Forward
Barbados is implementing a seven year plan to improve conditions for the disabled community referred to as The 2023-2030 National Policy for Persons with Disabilities. The goal for disability and poverty in Barbados is to “promote, advance, and protect the full human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons with disabilities in Barbados.” The policy received approval on September 21, 2023 and includes the following categories:
Since the establishment of the policy, 10% of new state housing has been designated to those with disabilities including the blind, deaf or hard of hearing, and those with mobility challenges. Barbados has also seen a 40% increase in funding to non-government organizations supporting conditions for persons with disabilities.
Disability and poverty in Barbados are still daunting to address. The Awareness Raising and Accessibility programs like the Fully Accessible Barbados program and The Barbados Council for the Disabled strive to initiate support and representation for the community.
– Cora Andreoli
Photo: Pixabay