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Women Coders: Empowering Women in Ethiopia

SheCodes: Empowering Women in Ethiopia Through CodingIn 2025, women in Ethiopia continue to face steep barriers in escaping poverty. This reality spurred the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to adopt the National Policy on Women in 1993, aimed at addressing gender inequities in access to resources and social opportunities. Despite good intentions, this legislation fell short in eliminating the structural and cultural disadvantages that keep many women in poverty.

Fast forward to the global tech boom of the 2000s and Africa now represents the fastest-growing region for technology worldwide—an enormous opportunity for poverty alleviation through economic growth and increased market access. But as the tech sector grows, gender disparities also widen. In Ethiopia, the digital economy has magnified decades-old inequalities in income, leadership and opportunity.

The Feminization of Poverty

With a population nearing 127 million, Ethiopia ranks as Africa’s second most populous country and one of its fastest-growing economies. Yet, approximately 69% of the population—about 82 million people—live in multidimensional poverty. Additionally, 18.4% or more than 22 million Ethiopians remain vulnerable to poverty.  Women in Ethiopia are particularly affected, facing a unique phenomenon known as the feminization of poverty, a concept representing the disproportionate number of women facing debilitating barriers to personal development. The following statistics reflect systemic barriers:

  • Only 21.9% of girls complete lower secondary school.
  • Women face an 18.9-point adult literacy gap compared to men, higher than the Sub-Saharan Africa average of 12.4 points.
  • Vulnerable employment affects 87.4% of women.
  • The account ownership gap between men and women is 15.9 points.
  • Roughly 50% of women are not homeowners.
  • About 37% of women experience intimate partner violence, 10% above the global average.
  • Women trail 44% behind men in hourly wages.
  • Only 30% of women receive STEM training or work in tech.

These gaps cost the country an estimated $3.7 billion annually, underscoring the economic consequences of gender inequality.

Tech Training for a New Generation

In Ethiopia, where only half of all primary school girls reach fifth grade, forging a new path to sustainability and financial independence for future generations of women is critical. SheCodes, in partnership with the Delac Foundation, provides a tech-based solution to these ongoing challenges.

The initiative offers coding education to 5,000 Ethiopian women, delivering free online workshops in front-end development, product design and project management. Indeed, with every purchase at SheCodes, one Ethiopian woman receives free coding education through online workshops focusing on product development, design and management.

Founded in 2017 by Matt Delac, SheCodes initially started as an idea supporting only 10 female students. Almost a decade later, SheCodes has provided online training to more than 235,000 women, of whom 2,257 reside in Ethiopia and across 191 developing countries.

Closing the Gender Gap Through Technology

The program’s work includes growing the number of women coders seeking professional and career development by boosting female participation in technology. This increased involvement is pivotal in poverty reduction, driving economic growth and the continued ascent of women and their families.

Research from the World Bank demonstrated how helping women break into the male-dominated digital and tech sector improves income, raises employment and creates new opportunities for all. The Harvard University Center for  African Studies demonstrated how women-led tech firms experienced a 34% higher return on investment than those led solely by men. With one coding class at a time, SheCodes bridges the employment and wage gap, equipping aspiring women coders in Ethiopia with the skills to build a better future. 

Looking Ahead

Efforts to address gender-based poverty in Ethiopia increasingly intersect with opportunities in the digital economy. Initiatives empowering women coders like SheCodes demonstrate how targeted training and inclusive tech education can equip women with marketable skills and access to emerging job sectors. While challenges remain, expanding such programs may contribute to broader development goals. Additionally, this could lead to improved economic resilience and support more equitable growth in Ethiopia.

– Marcus Villagomez

Marcus is based in Galveston, TX, USA, and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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5 Countries Leading the Fight Against Poverty – And Winning

Fight Against PovertyAround the world, many developing and emerging countries are leading the fight against poverty. Among them, some are achieving remarkable success through innovative strategies.

China 

China has recently made significant investments in rural infrastructure to connect remote populations to economic opportunities, with the ultimate goal of reducing poverty. Between 2006 and 2015, the country, with the support of the World Bank, rehabilitated approximately 1,299 roads. These projects have directly benefited more than 1.3 million people by improving their connectivity and access to essential services. These infrastructure improvements not only enhance access to these essential services but also facilitate economic growth by linking rural areas to larger markets, enabling local businesses to thrive.

Beyond road rehabilitation, China has implemented several other initiatives to enhance rural infrastructure and lead the fight against poverty. For instance, investments in irrigation and drainage facilities have directly improved agricultural production conditions. This is enabling farmers to adjust crop structures, develop large-scale breeding programs and engage in processing and non-agricultural industries, thereby reducing poverty.

Bangladesh

Bangladesh has made significant strides in education and workforce development, increasing literacy rates and creating new job opportunities. The country, still one of the neediest in the world, has been making notable progress through two key areas: education and workforce development. In terms of education, Bangladesh has seen significant improvements in its literacy rate. In 2021, the country’s literacy rate reached 76.36% (15 years old and above), reflecting a 1.45% increase from 2020. This improvement demonstrates the nation’s ongoing efforts to boost educational access and quality.

In addition to its focus on education, Bangladesh has prioritized job creation, with significant growth in the tourism sector. As the industry expands, it is driving the creation of jobs across various fields, “including hospitality, transportation, food services, handicrafts and retail.” This tourism growth is contributing to both economic development and job opportunities, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

Ethiopia 

Ethiopia has been focusing on agricultural development, exemplified by the Agricultural Growth Program. This program has enabled more than 700,000 farmers to benefit from the initiative, leading to a 25% revenue increase. Farmers’ productivity has risen by approximately 10%, contributing to poverty reduction and economic stability in these remote communities.

Furthermore, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) collaborates with the Ethiopian government to enhance the population’s living conditions, focusing on agricultural productivity, food security and rural development. IFAD supports smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists with loans, helping them purchase the necessary equipment to enhance their productivity and escape the cycle of poverty.

Vietnam

Vietnam’s economic reforms and trade liberalization have created millions of jobs and boosted growth. The country was once among the most impoverished in the world. However, its government has achieved remarkable economic growth relatively quickly. Thanks to the Doi Moi campaign, which focused primarily on agricultural reforms, land was redistributed among small farmers, significantly boosting farm productivity and improving food security. This transformation helped lift millions out of poverty and laid the foundation for broader economic development.

However, the reforms extended beyond agriculture. The government implemented measures to reduce the budget deficit, stabilize the economy and attract foreign investment. A key objective was to integrate Vietnam into the global economy by promoting trade liberalization and joining international organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). These efforts led to a surge in exports, the expansion of the manufacturing sector and the creation of millions of jobs, positioning Vietnam as one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.

Rwanda

Rwanda has made significant progress toward achieving universal health care, ensuring that even its most vulnerable citizens can access essential medical services. Since the 1994 genocide, the country has significantly improved health care access, a fact that was evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when 82% of the population received at least one dose of the vaccine within two years.

Moreover, Rwanda has prioritized the expansion of health care infrastructure to improve accessibility. Since August 2021, the Ministry of Health has established 1,179 health posts nationwide, particularly in underserved communities.

In conclusion, these countries demonstrate that targeted investments in infrastructure, education, agriculture, health care and economic reform can drive significant progress in the fight against poverty. Their diverse strategies offer valuable lessons for other developing nations striving to build more inclusive and resilient economies.

– Eléonore Bonnaterre

Eléonore Bonnaterre is based in London and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pexels

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International Charities Working To Fight Poverty in Ethiopia

Poverty in EthiopiaNearly 70% of people live in multidimensional poverty in Ethiopia, with rural areas the worst affected. Multidimensional poverty encompasses various aspects of life, from food and job insecurity to poor health and living conditions. As such, Ethiopians suffer a crisis of circular poverty, with generations experiencing the same lack of access to clean water, education and life-saving health care. Due to the complexity of poverty in Ethiopia, international support and humanitarian aid play a vital role. Here are three of the international organizations working to make lasting change.

Mercy Corps

Mercy Corps has supported communities across Ethiopia since 2004. Its mission is to provide immediate, long-lasting support that will impact this generation and all those to come. Within 20 years, the organization has helped more than four million people in Ethiopia. Mercy Corps focuses its support on vulnerable communities, particularly marginalized Ethiopians such as women and those living in conflict-affected areas.

For many, support comes in the form of business skills acquisition, help in fostering market relationships and professional mentorship. Training and support like this are given to aid the building of stable economic opportunities throughout the country, allowing individuals to secure reliable employment and income streams.

Immediate support also plays a key role in Mercy Corps’ support, particularly in ensuring access to food for many Ethiopians. While some of its programs deliver agricultural support and climate-resistant seeds to rural areas, others provide immediate relief to Ethiopia’s impoverished people. This includes food deliveries and cash aid to allow families to purchase household necessities and ensure they have access to food.

Tikkun Olam Ventures (TOV)

TOV started with a two-year pilot program in Ethiopia, building upon decades of existing humanitarian work done by The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) across the country. The initiative aims to provide innovative Israeli technology to those still reliant on traditional farming methods and break the cycle of poverty in communities. Since then, tomatoes, onions and hot peppers have been grown using drip irrigation systems, fertilizers and hybrid seeds using this vital technology.

It’s estimated that two-thirds of those living in extreme poverty worldwide make their livelihoods from farming. This global reality is particularly staggering in Ethiopia, where agriculture is the largest economic sector, contributing 43% to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Despite its importance, many farmers, especially smallholder and family farmers, remain trapped in a cycle of poverty, relying heavily on their crops for both income and sustenance.

To ensure that farmers can continue improving crop yields and ensure food and income security, TOV has used funding from an Ethiopian bank to purchase technology, seeds and technical support. When loans are repaid, the money returns to the loan fund, allowing more farmers to receive the benefits of Israeli technology.

For-Ethiopia

For-Ethiopia aims to reduce poverty in Ethiopia through education and health services. It believes that real change begins with small developmental projects focused on the community and its residents. The organization’s support includes providing medical equipment and training to health centers and health posts to ensure that everyone has access to clean, sterile environments and experienced health care workers.

A key priority of its aid is responding directly to community needs. For example, when health care workers requested fridges, For-Ethiopia ensured they received them. For-Ethiopia believes ending poverty in Ethiopia begins with access to education and health care, including clean, sanitary water.

Just as it supports health care facilities with essential equipment, it also supplies schools with resources such as books, bathrooms with handwashing stations and more. It credits these efforts with a more than 20% increase in girls’ school enrollment.

For-Ethiopia is currently running the Women and Children First campaign, which focuses on reducing maternal and infant mortality rates in the country.

Conclusion

Organizations like Mercy Corps, TOV, and For-Ethiopia are making a significant impact in Ethiopia by addressing poverty through agriculture, education, and health care. Their work demonstrates that lasting change is achievable with global support and community-driven solutions.

– Macy Hall

Macy is based in Dover, Kent, UK and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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How big is the hole? Suspension of USAID in Ethiopia

ethiopia usaidEthiopia is the largest recipient of USAID in sub-Saharan Africa. After receiving the money for 2023, Ethiopia has seen a suspension in the $1 billion in aid it receives. The funding cut has left the country in a vulnerable position, disrupting critical aspects of its healthcare system, including data management, medicine procurement, delivery, and workforce training and retention

Where the Suspension Has Hit Hardest?

The suspension of USAID funding has severely disrupted Ethiopia’s fight against diseases like malaria, HIV and tuberculosis. Around 5,000 health care workers lost their jobs, affecting vital services such as vaccinations, patient care and disease surveillance. The funding cut also threatens Ethiopia’s global “95-95-95” HIV treatment goals, with 503,000 people receiving care across 1,400 health facilities. Additionally, 10,000 data clerks responsible for managing HIV treatment have lost their jobs, further hindering the delivery and monitoring of care.

This could cripple efforts to combat HIV in the short to medium term, leaving many patients vulnerable. This has worsened the strain on the health care system, leaving it unable to provide basic services and hindering disease eradication efforts, deepening health poverty. 

With USAID support, Ethiopia launched a five-year health sector plan (HSTP-II) from 2020-2025 to improve health care. The plan aims to ensure quality, accessible health care, strengthen governance and leverage technology for reliable health data. A key challenge is the severe shortage of health care workers, with less than 100,000 staff members, far below the 445,000 necessary for universal health coverage. The plan’s success is crucial to expanding services and addressing this workforce gap.

The suspension of USAID funding has severely impacted Ethiopia’s HSTP-II, halting training programs and delaying the expansion of the health care workforce. Many NGOs have been hit hard by the suspension, including the Tesfa Social and Development Association (TSDA), which aids HIV patients with food, clothing and school supplies, according to The Guardian. The funding cut has crippled the organization, leaving those who depend on TSDA in even worse health and poverty. Staff layoffs and operational challenges have worsened the already dire situation for those relying on the organization’s support.

Solutions

The government has tried to enhance its support for local NGOs by trying to empower them by simplifying regulatory frameworks, in the hope this will enhance the operational efficiency and sustainability of NGO’s despite the budget constraints they are now facing. Following the advice of the Ethiopian Civil Society Organisation Authority, NGOs that did not rely on USAID funding are forming alliances with other local NGOs, enabling them to share resources, have joint fundraising efforts, and increase advocacy for policy changes to support the nonprofit sector during this challenging period.

NGOs such as the Mekedonia Humanitarian Association focus on supporting the critically disabled, elderly and mentally ill by providing housing, clothes and other vital amenities. Another organization is the Ethiopian Human Rights Council, which focuses on providing legal aid and investigating human rights abuses. These have turned out to be important practices for non-USAID-funded NGOs as it has provided support for these NGOs to allow them to continue their work during the period of the suspension.

Conclusion

The suspension of USAID has left Ethiopia’s health care system in an unprecedented crisis, affecting disease eradication efforts, health care workforce expansion and the operations of vital NGOs. The abrupt withdrawal of $1 billion in aid has crippled essential programs, forced widespread layoffs and disrupted Ethiopia’s ability to meet global health commitments. The impact on HSTP-II and organizations like the Tesfa Social and Development Association underscores how deeply intertwined USAID funding was with Ethiopia’s healthcare infrastructure.

Efforts to diversify funding streams, improve private sector involvement and empower local NGOs mark a shift towards long-term self-sufficiency, though the short-term outlook remains dire. Ultimately, while Ethiopia is making strides to mitigate the crisis, the loss of USAID has left an undeniable mark on its healthcare system. Whether the government’s measures will be enough to compensate for the loss of funding remains uncertain, but one thing is clear: The suspension has deepened Ethiopia’s health crisis, and the road to recovery will be long and arduous.

– Oliver Hedges

Oliver is based in Lancaster, UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Initiatives Ensuring Access to Clean Water in Ethiopia

Clean Water in EthiopiaEthiopia faces a significant water crisis, with roughly 60 million of its 126 million citizens lacking access to safe drinking water. This issue is compounded by surface water pollution, resulting from the country’s rapid population growth, urbanization and inadequate waste management. However, several nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and government agencies have implemented initiatives to ensure access to clean water in Ethiopia.

WaterAid’s Deliver Life Project

WaterAid works from a bottom-up approach to alleviate water contamination in Ethiopia through the “Deliver Life” project. WaterAid has shared this project with 128,259 people from 177 communities to help relieve water contamination and related illnesses. This initiative focuses on tackling dirty water, creating sanitary toilets and teaching good hygiene practices.

WaterAid’s project successfully provided 10 Ethiopian schools access and resources to address water contamination. This was achieved through the distribution of water points, water supply systems, gender-separated toilets and teachings on hygiene and menstrual hygiene. WaterAid also taught eight small businesses how to manage liquid and solid waste. Furthermore, they provided waste vehicles to help reduce the likelihood of water contamination from poor sanitation.

UNICEF and ONEWASH

The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) works with the Ethiopian government on the ONEWASH National Programme, a widespread national appeal to follow water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). This collaboration targets water contamination by producing specific fecal and chemical contamination standards, sharing resources on hygiene practices and building water systems that prioritize cleanliness.

UNICEF and ONEWASH help prevent water contamination by improving hygiene standards and water cleanliness, reducing water-related disease and infection.

Water4Ethiopia

Water4Ethiopia fundraises to supply clean water sites in Ethiopia. Following funding, volunteers work with nonprofit organizations to find a clean-water site. The nonprofit organizations oversee the building and construction of springs or wells and ensure that local people are involved in the process from start to finish.

The wells and springs ensure that the local community has continuous access to clean water despite infectious diseases in the area. Water4Ethiopia has benefited more than 5,000 people to date.

City-Wide Inclusive Sanitation

The City-Wide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) project in Ethiopia strives to address water contamination and improve sanitation in four towns in Ethiopia: Sheno, Welenchiti, Maksegnit and Kebridehar. This approach ensures that all locals, even those from low-income backgrounds within these towns, can get clean water.

This is achieved through initiatives that tailor solutions to specific areas, such as analyzing which technologies will improve certain areas. For example, in smaller, rural settlements, CWIS implements on-site sanitation, whereas in cities, CWIS provides sewers. This program ensures that clean water is accessible for everyone, regardless of background, helping to reduce water contamination by improving access to a clean, fresh supply.

Rainwater Harvesting

The Ethiopian Ministry of Water and Energy has developed a method for collecting clean water using rainwater. Ethiopia’s lack of sanitary water sources means many people turn to ponds or rivers. These sources are often contaminated and cause illness. The rainwater harvesting approach is active nationally, reaching nearly 70% of the population.

It utilizes roof water, which is generally of decent to good quality, making it potable and much less likely to cause disease or illness than water from rift valleys. Approximately 4 million people now have access to clean water through rainwater harvesting. This brings the total number of Ethiopians with access to clean drinking water to just less than 75 million.

Conclusion

Ethiopia’s ongoing battle against water contamination is being addressed through various initiatives that improve access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene education. Indeed, projects like WaterAid’s Deliver Life, UNICEF’s ONEWASH, and rainwater harvesting have benefited millions. Sustained efforts and collaboration will be essential in expanding these successes and ensuring safe water for all Ethiopians.

– Ella Dorman

Ella is based in Worcestershire, UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Gender Wage Gap in Ethiopia

Gender Wage Gap in EthiopiaEthiopia, like many other countries across the world, faces a gender wage gap despite many measures being taken when it comes to economic growth and gender equality measures. The gender wage gap is the disparity in pay between men and women. It reflects systemic inequalities in opportunity and representation.

Root Causes of Ethiopia’s Gender Wage Gap

The gender wage gap in Ethiopia stems from women being concentrated in low-paying informal sectors and traditional societal norms that undervalue their economic contributions. These roles lack stability and benefits, leaving women with limited income and fewer opportunities to build financial security. Cultural expectations exacerbate the problem and reinforce a cycle where unpaid domestic labor and caregiving take more importance over professional development for women. Ethiopia’s gender gap reflects structural inequalities that restrict women’s participation and potential. Women face barriers such as limited education and norms in society, which undervalue their contributions.

Women in Ethiopia also face many challenges when accessing loans and financial services due to limited financial literacy.  The 2024 article: “Transforming the Lives of Women and Girls in Eastern and Southern Africa” states that women have “lower access to productive resources.” Overall, Ethiopian women have less access to vocational and training programs important for securing employment in higher-paying sectors like construction and technology. Current training programs fail to accommodate women’s dual work and caregiving responsibilities, which excludes them further.

Government and Organizational Efforts

The Ethiopian government is aware of the gender pay gap. Therefore, the government has been taking correct measures to help reduce gender inequality. According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), a Gender Equality Strategy (GES) has been developed to “guide the country office on mainstreaming gender equality and women empowerment.” This gender strategy identifies priority areas and supports national efforts to get results. The government plans to build upon previous strategies to add to the policies the country already has in place. Current efforts to promote women’s education, access to credit and representation in decision-making are underway but require scaling up to achieve maximum impact. Local organizations and networks have also made many efforts to decrease the gender pay gap in Ethiopia. 

The Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA) is one organization that is doing fantastic work. EWLA is a nonprofit organization founded by a group of Ethiopian female lawyers to promote Ethiopian women’s legal, economic, social and political rights. EWLA has provided legal assistance to more than 200,000 women (2023). More than five million women have benefitted from EWLA collaborative efforts until 2020.  EWLA has also been important in revising Ethiopian laws, such as family law and criminal codes, to align with women’s rights. The organization has also lobbied for gender-sensitive policies at governmental levels​. Furthermore, the organization works with grassroots Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) to address challenges such as gender-based violence, particularly in regions like Amhara and Afar​. EWLA’s priorities include finding sustainable funding and strengthening partnerships with other women’s organizations in the country. 

Opportunities for Improvement

The gender wage gap in Ethiopia reflects the gender wage gap across Africa. Factors such as cultural norms, education gaps and smaller economies play significant roles. However, reducing Ethiopia’s gender wage gap requires a multi-faceted approach. Expanding access to girls’ education can help break cycles of poverty and inequality.  Additionally, engaging communities to challenge stereotypes and fostering inclusive training programs can help women balance work and caregiving responsibilities. By implementing these strategies and building upon existing efforts, Ethiopia could make significant progress toward closing the gender wage gap and fostering economic growth.

– Ayat Aslam

Ayat is based in London, UK and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Fight Against Malaria in Ethiopia

Malaria in EthiopiaEthiopia is still amid its long-lasting battle against malaria, which is one of its most persistent challenges. As of October 2024, Ethiopia has faced more than 7 million cases of malaria. Additionally, the country has dealt with more than 1,000 malaria-related deaths this year alone, indicating that the disease currently shows little sign of slowing down.

Causes

Malaria, a disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, has historically been a significant threat to Ethiopia. One notable example is the devastating 1958 epidemic, which affected 3 million people in a 100,000-square-mile radius and resulted in an estimated 150,000 deaths. Ethiopia’s battle against malaria is deeply rooted in its geographic and climatic conditions. The severity of the 1958 epidemic was partly attributed to the harsh natural conditions of the area where the outbreak occurred, where the altitude range was estimated to be between 1,600 and 2,150 meters above sea level.

The country’s varied landscapes, from lowland plains to highland areas, create ideal environments for the Anopheles mosquito, which carries the malaria parasite, to thrive. Seasonal rains, especially in the western and southern regions, such as in and around the Gambella National Park, help mosquitoes breed, leading to spikes in malaria cases. Varying climatic conditions have made weather patterns less predictable, making it even harder to control the spread of the disease.

Combating Malaria in Ethiopia

Efforts to combat malaria in Ethiopia have evolved over the decades. The country has implemented various strategies, including widespread distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs). Further measures include indoor residual spraying (IRS) and access to effective antimalarial drugs. Community health programs, such as the Health Extension Program, have played a crucial role in improving early diagnosis and treatment in rural areas.

Despite these efforts, gaps remain in reaching the most vulnerable populations, particularly in remote regions with limited health care infrastructure, such as the Benishangul-Gumuz state in northwest Ethiopia. Additional challenges are posed following the rise of insecticide resistance among mosquito populations and the potential for drug-resistant malaria strains. This underscores the need for sustained investment in research, developing new tools such as next-generation antimalarials and vaccines and adapting strategies to local contexts.

Ethiopia’s partnership with international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Global Fund has been vital. However, the scale of the problem demands a coordinated and persistent effort from local and global stakeholders.

Final Remark

Addressing the socioeconomic factors contributing to malaria transmission in Ethiopia is equally essential. Poverty, inadequate housing and limited access to clean water and sanitation exacerbate the spread of the disease. Strengthening health systems, enhancing community awareness and promoting economic development are essential components of Ethiopia’s comprehensive approach to malaria elimination.

Maintaining a strong fight level for Ethiopia is paramount, as malaria looks like it will be around for a while. The disease is a health issue and a developmental challenge affecting education, economic productivity and overall well-being. By intensifying its efforts and leveraging innovations in public health, Ethiopia can move closer to a future free from the devastating impact of malaria.

– Joe Lockett

Joe is based in the Wirral, UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Hunger in Ethiopia: Everything You Need to Know

Hunger in EthiopiaAccording to the World Food Programme (WFP), a staggering 55% of all children younger than 5 in Ethiopia suffer from hunger, highlighting the severe nutritional crisis facing the nation. In 2024, approximately 15.8 million people in Ethiopia required food support due to a complex interplay of factors such as rampant inflation, ongoing conflicts, severe droughts and the spread of diseases.

Ethiopia is currently grappling with one of the worst droughts in recent history, leading to widespread starvation and devastating consequences for vulnerable populations. The drought has destroyed crops and livestock, further exacerbating food shortages and pushing families into dire circumstances.

Many Ethiopians are also suffering from various diseases, with children particularly affected by hydrocephalus, a serious condition characterized by swelling of the brain due to the accumulation of spinal fluid. This condition can often be linked to malnutrition during pregnancy, underscoring the intergenerational impacts of food insecurity.

The Impacts of Conflict and Drought in Ethiopia

Conflict, drought and decreasing food support are endangering the lives of millions of Ethiopians and driving inflation to unprecedented levels in the region. While inflation in the U.S. and conflicts elsewhere contribute to the crisis, the situation is complex, with smaller issues, such as the availability of fuel for supply trucks delivering food and medicine, playing a critical role.

The disruption of supply chains due to fuel shortages has led to delays in delivering vital humanitarian assistance to affected communities. These delays have further strained the already limited resources available to those in need. Moreover, ongoing conflicts in various regions of the country have hindered access to agricultural land, preventing farmers from cultivating crops and worsening food scarcity.

Humanitarian needs in Ethiopia have tripled since 2015 and the country is experiencing its worst drought in decades, often described as the worst in a generation. This drought affects 8.1 million people, including approximately 2.5 million children, leading to water scarcity, food insecurity and severe disruptions in livelihoods. The consequences include rising food prices, increased malnutrition rates among children and the displacement of millions.

In southern and southeastern Ethiopia, an estimated 7.4 million people wake up hungry each day as the country grapples with its fourth consecutive failed rainy season. Drought, compounded by regional conflict, remains a significant challenge. These alarming statistics and health issues reflect the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address not only immediate food needs but also the underlying causes of hunger and health disparities in Ethiopia.

What Is Being Done

Several organizations, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), are actively supporting Ethiopia through humanitarian assistance. In 2022, USAID announced $488 million to address various critical needs, including:

  • Emergency food assistance
  • Life-saving nutrition to treat malnourished children
  • Support for farmers to prevent livestock and crop loss
  • Aid for vulnerable populations
  • Assistance for farmers and agribusiness to build resilience
  • Provision of safe drinking water and emergency health care to mitigate disease exacerbated by hunger
  • Protection for women and children to prevent gender-based violence.

Summary

Ethiopia is facing a critical crisis as conflict, drought and hunger threaten millions of lives. However, several nonprofit organizations, such as USAID, are actively assisting the country in addressing these issues through humanitarian aid. With sustained support from both local and international organizations, Ethiopia has the potential to overcome these challenges and work toward a more stable future.

– Anthony Burt

Anthony is based in Kansas, USA and focuses on Technology and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Tourism in Ethiopia: A Promising Path to Poverty Alleviation

Tourism in Ethiopia: A Promising Path to Poverty Alleviation Ethiopia, often called the “Cradle of Humanity,” is rich in cultural heritage, historic landmarks and diverse natural landscapes. From the majestic Simien Mountains to the ancient rock-hewn churches of Lalibela, the country holds immense potential for tourism, which has grown steadily over the years. However, beyond its economic benefits, Ethiopia is actively exploring tourism as a powerful tool to alleviate poverty.

The Role of Tourism in Ethiopia’s Economy

Tourism in Ethiopia has made significant strides, contributing more than 6% to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The sector directly and indirectly employs more than two million Ethiopians, a number that continues to rise as the country attracts more international visitors. Ethiopia experienced a 48% increase in tourism over the past decade due to government efforts to improve infrastructure and market the country as a top destination.

The growth of the tourism sector is especially crucial in rural Ethiopia, where poverty is more pronounced. Tourism is seen as a pathway to economic diversification, providing new income opportunities, especially for women and youth, through job creation in hospitality, guiding, transport services and artisanal handicrafts. But for tourism to effectively reduce poverty, the benefits must flow to the poorest and most vulnerable members of society.

Government Policies

Recognizing the sector’s potential, the Ethiopian government has put in place several policies to align tourism with national poverty alleviation goals. The Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP)  identifies tourism as a key sector in driving economic growth and employment. It encourages investment in rural areas to spread the economic benefits beyond major cities like Addis Ababa. Infrastructure improvements, such as road networks and airports, are also part of the strategy to open up remote areas to tourists, helping locals benefit from tourism revenues.

Another important policy is the Sustainable Tourism Master Plan (STMP), which aims to develop sustainable, eco-friendly tourism that benefits local communities. The plan emphasizes the conservation of the environment and cultural heritage while promoting community-based tourism initiatives that ensure tourism revenue stays within the local economy.

Promoting Pro-Poor Tourism in Ethiopia

Several international organizations, nonprofits and local alliances are working on the ground to promote tourism as a means of poverty alleviation in Ethiopia. The World Bank has invested in projects like the Sustainable Tourism Development Project, which aims to create jobs and increase incomes for people living near key tourist destinations such as the Simien Mountains, Lalibela and Lake Tana. Similarly, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), through its Sustainable Tourism-Eliminating Poverty (ST-EP) initiative, works with the Ethiopian government to promote eco-tourism and community-based tourism projects that can directly benefit impoverished populations.

At a more localized level, the Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Alliance (ESTA) focuses on empowering rural communities through community-based eco-tourism projects. ESTA provides training in hospitality and entrepreneurship, allowing local people to capitalize on tourism in their regions. These ongoing initiatives help locals set up guesthouses, provide guiding services, or sell handicrafts, ensuring that they can directly benefit from the growing number of tourists visiting the country.

SNV Ethiopia, a nonprofit development organization, also plays a significant role in fostering community-based tourism initiatives. SNV’s projects emphasize the empowerment of local communities, helping them build sustainable tourism businesses that offer authentic cultural experiences to visitors.

Initiatives for Local Communities

Several tourism initiatives have been developed across Ethiopia with a specific focus on alleviating poverty. Community-based tourism projects are among the most promising, particularly in areas like the Simien Mountains, where locals serve as guides, porters and lodge operators. In these projects, tourism provides a direct source of income for the community.

Looking Ahead

Ethiopia’s tourism sector holds immense promise, but challenges such as infrastructure limitations and a lack of community resources still need addressing. Expanding access to rural areas and enhancing local skills could be key to unlocking tourism’s full potential. Ensuring sustainable practices in tourism development can potentially protect Ethiopia’s rich cultural and natural heritage while continuing to foster economic growth. With targeted investments and a focus on inclusive development, Ethiopia is well-positioned to turn tourism into a driving force for poverty reduction and a better future for its citizens.

– Yuhan Ji

Yuhan is based in Cambridge, MA, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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TechnoServe and GENA: Improving Ethiopia’s Agricultural Exports

How GENA and TechnoServe Improves Ethiopia’s Agricultural Exports Ethiopia, one of Africa’s fastest-growing non-oil economies, provides significant opportunities for inclusive growth. Agriculture employs 85% of the workforce and contributes more than 45% to the country’s GDP, making it a critical sector. However, many smallholder farmers struggle to access markets due to limited infrastructure. In response, organizations such as TechnoServe and GENA are working to help Ethiopian smallholder farmers integrate into more formal and sustainable agricultural markets.

TechServe’s Role in Supporting Smallholder Farmers

For over a decade, TechnoServe has collaborated with farmers and the Ethiopian government to develop competitive agricultural market systems. This work focuses on enhancing farmers’ productivity by providing training in improved agricultural practices and creating sustainable sourcing opportunities with GENA, an Ethiopian investment group. Together, they aim to advance Ethiopia’s economy. 

The SERES Project

A significant example of this collaboration between TechnoServe and GENA is the Scaling Ethiopia’s Regenerative Export Sector (SERES) project, launched in 2021 by TechnoServe in partnership with the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD). This project seeks to connect smallholder farmers with international markets and promote the production of sustainably grown crops such as fruits and herbs. SERES has enabled Ethiopian farmers to meet international quality standards. 

GENA’s Partnership

GENA is an Ethiopian agribusiness focused on exporting agricultural products. As part of the SERES project, the organization received funding to establish a rosemary collection center and drying facility in central Ethiopia. This facility provides a direct link between small-scale farmers and the organization. This ensures consistent supply chains meet international standards. Farmers who supply rosemary to GENA benefit from guaranteed prices and timely payments. 

Kadri Mohamed’s Story

A true success story to come out of this partnership is smallholder farmer Kadri Mohamed. TechnoServe reported that Kadri previously sold his rosemary crop to local traders. He faced long delays in receiving payments and would often receive prices lower than expected. Without guidance on sustainable farming, much of his crop would go to waste. The SERES project, in partnership with GENA, changed that. Kadri now sells his rosemary to GENA, receiving payments up to eight times higher than before and within just a few days. This allowed him to significantly increase his income from $190 to $350 annually, in turn improving his family’s life. With extra income, Kadri has been able to invest in his children’s education and secure his home with a lockable door, providing a safer environment for his family. 

The Broader Impact

The success of the SERES project illustrates the broader potential for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia and across Africa by integrating smallholder farmers into formal market systems and providing them with the necessary training and infrastructure. Through partnerships with companies like GENA, smallholder farmers can potentially access stable and profitable markets while ensuring sustainable agricultural practices that benefit the environment.

– Ellisha Hicken

Ellisha is based in London, UK and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr