Archive for category: Electricity and Power

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Energy Access in India: Zor’s Battery-Sharing for Small Farmers

Energy Access in IndiaPersistent gaps in reach, quality and reliability mark energy access in India. Around two-thirds of the country’s 1.3 billion people live in rural areas, many working on small farms with limited electricity access. Despite national progress, energy access in India’s rural regions remains unreliable or unavailable. Approximately 300 million Indians live off-grid and many agricultural areas remain disconnected due to high costs and coordination challenges. Most farmers earn about $4 a day.

As a result, farmers remain dependent on costly fossil fuels for irrigation and mechanization. Diesel is nearly twice as expensive as subsidized grid electricity, significantly reducing profit margins. While rural electrification efforts in the 2000s, such as RGGVY, expanded household electricity, they largely neglected agricultural needs, focusing on basic domestic connections rather than high-capacity farm requirements like irrigation pumps. Districts electrified after these policy changes saw only two additional electrified wells per 100 households, compared to 16 in districts electrified earlier.

This shift increased diesel pump adoption, raising operating costs and emissions. Reliance on diesel generators also heightens environmental and health risks, as prolonged exposure to emissions is linked to respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and pneumonia. Critically, the absence of stable, grid-based electricity perpetuates poverty cycles among farmers, as inefficient and expensive energy solutions erode already narrow profit margins. However, emerging initiatives are leveraging technology to address these gaps, offering scalable, sustainable alternatives to uplift rural livelihoods.

Zor: A Battery-Sharing Model Transforming Rural Energy

Zor is an innovative startup founded by Rea Savla and Vishesh Mehta, two Harvard Business School graduates with agricultural expertise. The company tackles energy access in India’s rural areas through a modular battery-sharing system, enabling farmers to rent and swap charged batteries powered by both grid and renewable sources as needed.

Recognizing diesel’s financial burden on smallholder farmers and leveraging India’s existing solar subsidy programs, Zor designed a pay-per-use model. This approach avoids brand-specific subsidies and eliminates prohibitive upfront costs that often deter solar adoption. It shortens typical payback periods from 10–20 years to under two years, dramatically improving returns on investment for farmers.

Zor’s modular lithium-ion battery system, powered by adaptable software, supports diverse agricultural needs, including grinding, milling, transportation and crop preservation. Designed for resilience, the batteries can be reliably charged even in remote areas with unstable grid access. Operating in rural India required a high-touch approach. Success demands constant availability and a hands-on mindset. Zor’s team conducted 18 months of fieldwork to ensure a farmer-centric solution, engaging more than 700 farmers across 25 villages to understand their pain points and refine the model.

Zor Energy’s Community-First Model

Early pilots in Odisha and Jharkhand proved the model’s viability as farmers rapidly adopted the service for convenience and cost savings. Zor’s community-driven approach prioritizes local management by deploying village charging stations and training residents to operate them, ensuring sustainability and scalability. The model also emphasizes gender inclusion, aiming for 50% female field staff to create economic opportunities for women historically marginalized in rural energy sectors.

With seed funding secured, Zor Energy is poised to scale its technology and expand its reach. This solution delivers reliable, on-demand electricity for farming and household needs, cutting energy costs by 40% compared to diesel. Its modular design directly addresses rural India’s electrification gaps, demonstrating that affordability and sustainability can go hand in hand.

Bridging the Critical Energy-Irrigation Gap

Zor’s model targets diesel-dependent irrigation in energy-poor regions, a well-documented challenge in rural electrification studies. In eastern Indian states like Odisha and Jharkhand, where Zor piloted its approach, farmers face inconsistent grid access. They often rely on costly diesel pumps that deplete groundwater.

Research indicates that closing this energy-irrigation gap could expand irrigated land by 20% during dry seasons, boosting productivity and resilience. Zor’s decentralized battery system directly supports this goal, cutting costs and enabling sustainable irrigation where the grid falls short.

Community-Led, Scalable Impact

Zor emphasizes community participation and skills development, mirroring successful initiatives like Swayam Shikshan Prayog (SSP). SSP has trained 60,000 women as clean energy leaders across rural India, reaching four million people, increasing the adoption of clean cookstoves and reducing household pollution. This grassroots approach builds local support networks, develops technical skills, facilitates livelihoods, all whilst improving energy access in India.

Zor similarly engages women as field staff and managers, promoting gender inclusion and creating pathways for economic agency and social change. Like SSP, Zor employs a market-based, decentralized model designed for scalability. It demonstrates how clean energy solutions can meet widespread demand while creating livelihood opportunities, making it a sustainable blueprint for rural development in India and beyond.

A More Equitable Energy Future

By enabling farmers to access clean, modular power, Zor enhances adaptability during droughts and erratic monsoons, supporting climate resilience and food security. Its gender-inclusive hiring approach mirrors the proven positive effects of female-led clean energy expansion, catalyzing economic and social transformation in rural communities.

Zor’s battery-sharing innovation is more than a technology solution to energy access in India. It aligns with a proven ecosystem of decentralized, community-led clean energy initiatives that drive economic uplift, climate adaptation and social equity. Its scalable, agrarian-focused model is a strong example of how local renewable energy solutions can advance sustainable development and reduce poverty.

– Jacobo L. Esteban

Jacobo is based in Cali, Colombia and focuses on Technology and Solutions, Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Everything to Know About Renewable Energy in Djibouti

Renewable Energy in DjiboutiThe development of renewable energy in Djibouti has become a national priority as the country aims to achieve 100% energy generation from renewable sources. Situated in the Horn of Africa, Djibouti currently relies heavily on energy imports to meet domestic demand. As energy needs rise and climate risks intensify, the government has launched major renewable energy projects to promote energy independence and long-term economic growth.

Why Djibouti Needs Renewable Energy

Djibouti faces high electricity prices due to its reliance on imported fossil fuels. The country also experiences power shortages that hinder industrial growth and daily life. According to the World Bank, only 65% of the population had access to electricity in 2022—and in rural areas, that number drops below 20%. This limited access disproportionately affects poor and remote communities, where families are forced to rely on expensive diesel generators or go without electricity entirely.

Without reliable power, small businesses struggle to operate, students are unable to study after dark and health clinics face life-threatening service disruptions. In fact, 50% of Djiboutians lack reliable electricity, contributing to significantly higher infant mortality and economic instability in off-grid regions. Djibouti’s overall poverty rate remains high, with more than 17% of the population living below the national poverty line.

To reduce costs and improve access, Djibouti’s government created the National Energy Strategy, which aims for 100% renewable electricity production by 2035. Launched in 2020, the initiative focuses on geothermal, solar and wind energy projects supported by international investors and development organizations.

Major Projects Advancing Renewable Energy in Djibouti

Several large-scale energy projects have transformed renewable energy in Djibouti from a goal into a reality:

  1. Ghoubet Wind Power Plant: In 2023, the 58.9 MW Ghoubet Wind Power Plant became Djibouti’s first utility-scale wind energy facility. Developed by Africa Finance Corporation, Climate Fund Managers and Great Horn Investment Holding, it marked the country’s first privately financed independent power project. Taking advantage of the highest annual wind speeds in Africa, the plant significantly boosts Djibouti’s renewable energy generation and decreases its reliance on imported electricity from Ethiopia. The $122 million project was completed in just 24 months and supplies power at a competitive rate of $0.07–$0.08 per kWh. It is expected to improve supply reliability, strengthen the business environment and mobilize additional foreign investment. The project also supports job creation and climate resilience by avoiding the emission of approximately 154,526 tons of CO₂ equivalent per year—contributing to long-term economic and environmental gains for Djibouti’s young population.
  2. Fiale Geothermal Project: Located in the Lake Assal region, the Fiale Geothermal Project has received funding from the World Bank and the African Development Bank. The project aims to generate 50 MW of geothermal power and will eventually serve more than 300,000 people. Djibouti’s geothermal resources, among the best in East Africa, have the potential to support continuous, low-cost energy production.
  3. Grand Bara Solar Plant: In 2021, the government partnered with Engie and the Djiboutian Office of Development and Energy Efficiency to begin construction on a 25 MW solar facility in the Grand Bara Desert. The plant includes battery storage systems to ensure an uninterrupted supply and has already started providing clean power to underserved rural areas. Indeed, full completion is expected by late 2025, with plans to expand capacity as demand grows.

Key Benefits of Renewable Energy in Djibouti

Key benefits of renewable energy in Djibouti are:

  • Increased Energy Independence: Reduces reliance on energy imports from Ethiopia
  • Lower Energy Costs: Renewable energy projects will decrease electricity tariffs over time
  • Job Creation: New facilities have created hundreds of construction and maintenance jobs
  • Climate Resilience: Clean energy reduces emissions and environmental damage

Ongoing Challenges and Solutions

While renewable energy in Djibouti continues to expand, the country faces obstacles. These include limited technical expertise, underdeveloped grid infrastructure and high upfront costs. To address these issues, Djibouti has partnered with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to train local engineers and expand grid connectivity to rural communities.

Additionally, the African Development Bank (ADB) launched the Desert to Power initiative in Djibouti to improve solar access across the region. Since 2022, it has funded mini-grid projects reaching more than 50,000 residents in remote areas.

Djibouti’s commitment to renewable energy has placed the country on a path toward energy security, economic growth and environmental sustainability. Through targeted investment and international cooperation, renewable energy in Djibouti is no longer a distant goal, but a rapidly growing reality.

– Hayden Chedid

Hayden is based in Parker, CO, USA and focuses on Technology and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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Renewable Energy in Slovenia: Ending the Energy Poverty Gap

Renewable Energy in SloveniaMany families suffer from a wide gap in access to energy to properly support themselves and their homes. Presently, Slovenia is currently working on engaging hydro-energy in their nationwide effort to redistribute access to both sustainable and efficient energy for their lower-income citizens. Here is information about renewable energy in Slovenia.

An Overview of Renewable Energy in Slovenia

As an overview, one-third of Slovenia’s energy comes from hydroelectric sources, with the other two-thirds coming from renewable energy in Slovenia that encourages a lowering of greenhouse gas emissions.

Utilizing the power of the Sava River, rushing water powers the hydro-electric plants to become renewable energy in Slovenia. Indeed, along the banks of the Sava River, is home to many small and large plant chains that all work together to produce energy leading into a single unit. In total, there are four Slovenian plants generating power on these banks to effectively and, most importantly, sustainably power the nation.

Not only are these plants and renewable sources that have spread all over the nation sustainably generating Slovenia; these renewable sources have led to the opportunity for many low-income families that did not have access to energy to power their homes properly. 

Energy Poverty in Slovenia

As it stood in 2023, the percentage of Slovenian families that experts considered energy-poor households was at 7.2%, with an even larger number of 41 million people across Europe unable to power their homes. Within a faction of the Slovenian government, the Eco Fund as it is noted, promotes projects that invest in support of lower-income families to gain energy access in their homes sustainably; which includes the promotion of hydro-electric plants. The Eco Fund looks to support projects across Slovenia that reduce carbon and greenhouse emissions while reducing energy waste.

The tools the Eco Fund plan to utilize include properly insulating roofs, installation of energy-efficient windows and replacement of heating devices, along with the spread of renewable energy in Slovenia broadly. All of these tools give lower-income families the chance to both save money and power.

Using these plans to efficiently power the nation, the Eco Fund looks to cut energy-poverty almost in half. With the investment of proper tools in lower-income homes, the Eco Fund seeks to reach by 2026 the use of renewable energy in Slovenia to almost 8,000 homes within lower-income communities.

Looking Ahead

Looking into the future, it is clear that the chance for Slovenia to reduce improper energy use and the energy poverty gap within its nation is something that will be reduced soon. Slovenia and the Eco Fund work to not only reduce energy-use but the poverty gap that is present in their nation to broadly expand chances for citizens to live better lives. 

In a broader lens, Slovenia’s example of changes with its Eco Fund offers a look into the reduction of energy cost and carbon and greenhouse emissions that should be more accessible for all in the future. Furthermore, this investment gives a look into how being sustainable is a well-rounded opportunity that helps the poverty gap for lower-income families and helps countries become less energy inefficient as a whole.

– Angelina Tas

Angelina is based in Cleveland, OH, USA and focuses on Good News and Technology for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Renewable Energy in Vanuatu

Renewable Energy in VanuatuRenewable energy in Vanuatu is becoming an important pathway towards the reduction of poverty, influx in energy access and the creation of local opportunities. The Pacific Island nation faces energy poverty with more than 70% of its population lacking reliable grid electricity, along with 80% of rural residents remaining off grid. Implementing renewable energy solutions is transforming, improving and empowering communities. 

1. Community Owned Mini Grids

Hybrid solar-hydro mini grids are bringing electricity to dozens of villages in Vanuatu. In Loltong, Pentecost Island, a system now powers hundreds of households, schools, clinics and shops. That mini grid alone is offering more than 300 people stable electricity that lowers household costs and improves quality of life. This is creating a strong example of how renewable energy in Vanuatu is linked to the broadening of energy and economic opportunity for rural communities in need.

2. Pico-Hydro for Remote Villages

Three pico-hydro stations are being installed in Pentecost Island under the Japan-funded Pacific Green Transformation Project. These will directly benefit more than 2,366 residents and create green sector job opportunities for the community. These small hydro-powered units will not only expand energy access but also create employment opportunities, helping to reduce poverty through sustainable, community based infrastructure.

3. Solar Kits for Households and Schools

The National Green Energy Fund has funded dozens of solar-powered energy kits for schools, co-ops and local governments, resulting in lighting classrooms, providing refrigeration and allowing for more communication. With half of Vanuatu’s households off grid, affordable solar kits allow for kids’ success in schooling and financial gain through replacing kerosene lamps, actively alleviating poverty.

4. Energy Access Through Rural Electrification Programs 

Projects supported by the World Bank have subsidized home solar systems for nearly 9,000 homes and 37 public buildings, granting renewable energy access to 45,000 people. These programs are significantly raising energy accessibility for lower income communities, leading to a reduction in poverty through enabling refrigeration, powering lighting and allowing cell phone usage.

5. Empowering Youth and Women

Renewable energy in Vanuatu is also contributing to social change. Youth, especially women, are receiving green skills training and leadership roles in energy planning through a regional program with UNDP. Aditionally, cooperatives led by women manage energy systems, earn income and increase community well being, boosting both gender equity and local prosperity.

6. Increased Support from Private Sectors

Donor support has allowed for a lot of progress in Vanuatu. Although the future growth will succeed with focus on private sector investment. The government backed the National Green Energy Fund ,which provides support for things like mini power grids, battery storage and energy-saving appliances. Additionally, with the government and support from World Bank, they are working with private firms to set up systems through its Rural Electrification Project (VREP I & II). These partnerships will help bring clean energy faster and support local jobs and the green economy.

Looking Ahead

Vanuatu ranks high in Pacific nations in regard to rural energy poverty and climate vulnerability. Indeed, through the increase in renewable energy in Vanuatu the country is improving in electricity access. Additionally, health standards, education, and economic opportunities also benefit. These smaller scale renewable energy initiatives are poverty alleviating and inspiring a pathway for other small developing communities. Vanuatu’s clean energy future is looking bright. By focusing on community needs, supporting youth leadership, and expanding access to new technologies, the country is setting an example for others to follow. Small island nations have the power to lead the way in sustainable development.

– Kyra Cribbs

Kyra is based in Charleston, SC, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

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Rural Communities and Renewable Energy in Nigeria

Renewable Energy in NigeriaNigeria, Africa’s largest economy and most populous nation faces a deep-rooted energy crisis. More than 85 million Nigerians, nearly 43% of the population, lack access to grid electricity. Rural areas are the worst affected, often relying on kerosene, charcoal and expensive diesel generators. This not only harms health and the environment but also perpetuates poverty and economic stagnation. As the global shift toward cleaner energy accelerates, Nigeria has started implementing innovative off-grid solutions to bring light to its darkest corners.

The Untapped Potential of Renewable Energy in Nigeria

Nigeria possesses vast renewable energy potential, particularly in solar energy. The country receives an average of 5.5 kWh/m²/day of solar irradiation, making it one of the most promising locations for solar energy development on the continent. However, until recently, this potential was largely untapped due to weak infrastructure, limited investment and policy gaps. In response, the Nigerian government and development partners are now leveraging this resource to establish decentralized solar systems, solar home kits and hybrid mini-grids as the backbone of rural electrification.

Overcoming Structural Barriers

Despite progress, Nigeria’s rural electrification efforts face persistent challenges. Many remote areas lack basic infrastructure like roads and telecommunications, complicating the delivery and maintenance of energy solutions. Financing remains a hurdle for both consumers and project developers.

Additionally, Nigeria’s regulatory landscape can be slow and fragmented, delaying project approvals. Weak grid infrastructure in urban areas also poses a barrier to expanding hybrid models that integrate renewables with the national grid. For Nigeria to meet its electrification goals, it has to streamline permitting processes and provide greater access to green finance.

The Power of Public-Private Collaboration

The success of Nigeria’s renewable energy drive lies in the strength of its public-private partnerships. Companies like Rubitec Solar, PowerGen Renewable Energy and Husk Power Systems collaborate with communities to install and operate mini-grids using a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) model. This approach lowers entry costs for rural users while ensuring systems are financially sustainable.

These companies also provide training to local technicians, fostering job creation and community ownership. Donor agencies such as USAID and the U.K.’s Department for International Development (DFID) help de-risk these projects through grants and technical support. PowerGen Renewable Energy, for instance, has been instrumental in expanding access to electricity in rural Nigeria. In partnership with international investors, PowerGen launched a distributed renewable energy platform aimed at deploying 120 MW of renewable power solutions, including battery energy storage, across Africa.

The initial focus is on Nigeria, Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with plans to expand further across the region. This initiative is supported by the African Development Bank’s Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa (SEFA), the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG), the Danish Investment Fund for Developing Countries (IFU) and the European Development Finance Institutions (EDFI) Management Company. The platform is expected to serve nearly 70,000 households, enhancing electricity access and stimulating local economies.

Aligning With Nigeria’s Climate Commitments

In addition to its profound social and economic benefits, renewable energy stands as a cornerstone of Nigeria’s climate resilience and low-carbon development strategy. As a signatory to the Paris Agreement, Nigeria reaffirmed its climate commitment by submitting an updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in July 2021. This revised NDC commits the country to a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, relative to business-as-usual projections and up to a 47% reduction with adequate international financial and technical support.

This ambitious climate pledge places renewable energy at the center of national mitigation strategies. Renewable energy technologies, particularly solar, wind and small hydro, produce virtually zero GHG emissions during operation. Their widespread adoption not only displaces high-emission diesel and petrol generators, which are commonly used for backup and off-grid electricity in Nigeria but also contributes to reducing localized air pollution and related public health risks. The expansion of solar infrastructure is particularly critical. It reduces reliance on fossil fuels, enhances national energy security and shields the economy from the volatility of international oil markets, a significant concern for a country that remains heavily dependent on oil revenues.

To enable this transition, Nigeria has adopted several supportive policies and institutional reforms, including Nigeria’s 2022 Energy Transition Plan (ETP), the first in Africa. ETP sets out a clear roadmap to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. It outlines targets such as achieving 30% renewable energy in the electricity mix by 2030. These commitments are bolstered by partnerships with international organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) through its Climate Promise initiative, the World Bank and the African Development Bank. Such partnerships are mobilizing investment and technical expertise to scale renewable energy solutions, improve regulatory environments and drive innovation in climate-smart technologies.

A Brighter Path Forward

Access to reliable electricity is not just about powering light bulbs; it’s about unlocking human potential. Electrified communities experience improved health care, enhanced gender equality and increased school retention. Farmers utilize solar-powered irrigation and cold storage to reduce post-harvest losses and boost income. Women can cook safely with electric stoves, reducing hours spent collecting firewood. Microenterprises, from phone charging stations to poultry farms, flourish with a constant power supply.

The Nigerian government’s National Energy Compact aims to accelerate electricity access from 4% to 9% per annum and increase the share of renewable energy in the generation mix from 22% to 50% by 2030. This ambitious plan underscores the critical role of energy access in achieving broader development objectives. Furthermore, the Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) initiative’s Rapid Assessment and Gap Analysis highlights the need for coordinated efforts to address energy access disparities in Nigeria.

By investing in decentralized renewable energy solutions, Nigeria could make significant strides toward universal energy access and sustainable development.

– Kenneth Ebhomeye Oko-Oboh

Kenneth is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Needpix

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5 Bold Solutions for Poverty Reduction in Myanmar

Poverty Reduction in MyanmarMore than 32% of the population in Myanmar lived below the national poverty line in late 2023/early 2024 and about two-thirds face economic insecurity. These most recent statistics erase all of the progress the country had made since 2015.

By 2017, the poverty rate in Myanmar had dropped below 25% with 24.8% of the population living below the national poverty line. However, conflict, political instability and a faltering economy (just 1% GDP growth) have displaced more than 3 million people and worsened living conditions. These challenges underscore the need for bold and proven strategies to achieve poverty reduction in Myanmar. Here are five solutions for poverty reduction in Myanmar.

1. Revive Rural Agriculture

Almost half of Myanmar’s workforce depends on agriculture; however the yields remain low. Climate-smart seeds and improved irrigation can greatly improve the output of yields. 

From 2019 to 2022, the Climate Smart Rice Project helped 4,100 farmers in Shan, Mon, Mandalay and Bago adopt improved seed varieties and water-saving practices. These efforts increased rice yields by up to 22% while reducing methane emissions and water use. Similarly, the MYRice Pilot Program by IRRI introduced better post-harvest drying and storage techniques. This reduced crop losses and increased the market value of rice by 15%.

Investing in value chains, such as processing, transport and storage, not only increases rural incomes but also creates jobs and reduces food waste, contributing significantly to poverty reduction in Myanmar. 

2. Scale Up Social Protection 

A limited number of vulnerable households benefit from social safety nets. In Chin, Rakhine, and Kayin states, which are part of the nationwide rollout that began in 2017, the Maternal & Child Cash Transfer (MCCT) program has provided 15,000 kyats per month (about $10–11 USD) to pregnant and lactating women for up to 24 months, supporting their children’s crucial first 1,000 days. As of October 2019, the program reached 33,723 women in Chin State and 124,719 women in Rakhine State.

Meanwhile, Yoma Social Development Association’s mobile health initiatives in Karen State have tackled child malnutrition by training mothers in organic vegetable cultivation. In 27 villages, field facilitators identified children with moderate acute malnutrition and then equipped women, especially expectant and breastfeeding mothers, with seeds (e.g. beans, okra, eggplant) and farming tools. They also held nutrition awareness sessions and cooking demonstrations, resulting in a “noticeable improvement in positive social behaviors related to nutrition,” particularly for children under five.

3. Invest in Smart Infrastructure 

A shocking 84% of rural households lack electricity access in Myanmar. NGOs, like Techno Hill, have implemented solar micro-grids which serve 700 households and deliver 24/7 power to remote villages.

Moreover, by investing in all-weather rural roads and digital infrastructure, daily life in underserved regions can be transformed as economic productivity would be boosted and various aspects of life, such as education, disaster resilience, financial services and health care would be greatly improved, helping to reduce poverty in Myanmar. 

4. Expand Financial Access 

Only 23% of adults possess formal bank accounts, according to CGAP and GSMA. Expanding mobile banking and microfinancing services will create many opportunities for millions currently excluded from formal finance. Wave Money dominates the mobile finance market here—holding more than 80 % market share and serving about 38 % of the population via its agent network of 50,000 outlets. In 2019 alone, its transaction volume more than doubled to 6.4 trillion kyat ($ 4.3 billion USD).

KBZPay, which the KBZ Bank developed and launched in October 2018, has rapidly scaled, amassing more than 6 million downloads, serving 4 million customers, and enabling seamless digital access via a network of 280,000 agents nationwide.

5. Govern With People, Not Just for Them 

Corruption and opaque procedures pollute trust and public support. In Kachin, Kayah and Ayeyarwady, community budgeting and public scorecards have allowed for more responsive local services and reduced fund leakages. It is important to note that in conflict zones, poverty reduction and peacebuilding work in tandem as displaced households can be supported through integrated Humanitarian-Development-Peace (HDP) approaches.

Moving Forward 

Despite Myanmar’s worsening poverty crisis, there are tested and scalable solutions already in place: cash transfers, solar energy, climate-resilient farming, mobile finance and community-led governance. These interventions have demonstrated measurable impact and represent a viable path forward.

The future of poverty reduction in Myanmar depends on building on what works and ensuring these strategies reach the most affected, including rural communities, women, ethnic minorities and displaced families. While the challenges remain immense, the tools for transformation are already in motion.

– Arabella D’Aniello

Arabella is based in The Hague, Netherlands and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pixabay

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Solar-Powered Refrigeration in Haiti is Changing Vaccines

Solar-Powered Refrigeration in HaitiVaccine access has been crucial in Haiti’s fight against infectious diseases. Despite this, recurring conflict and political instability have limited the effectiveness of the national health care system. Health services remain difficult to reach, particularly in rural areas, creating significant barriers to timely vaccination.

Additionally, many rural villages are hours away from the nearest hospital, making vaccination difficult for many. However, Haiti has seen many innovative solutions, such as mobile clinics, which are designed to help treat individuals displaced by the conflict plaguing Haiti. Another creative solution is solar-powered refrigeration in Haiti.

Electricity in Rural Haiti

Reliable vaccine storage requires continuous electricity to maintain appropriate temperatures. However, as of 2021, nearly 75% of Haitians lacked consistent access to electricity. While national figures showed improvement in 2022, with almost half the population having access, rural areas continued to lag significantly behind, with access rates as low as 2%.

Frequent power outages in rural communities cripple vaccine storage capabilities. Furthermore, it increases the risk of spoilage and jeopardizes immunization programs against diseases like measles, polio and diphtheria. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that cold chain failures contribute to vaccine wastage rates of up to 50% in low-resource settings like Haiti, further complicating efforts to control preventable diseases.

An Innovative Approach

To address this challenge, organizations have implemented solar-powered refrigerators across Haiti. According to UNICEF, solar refrigeration units, powered by solar panels and batteries, have helped maintain stable storage temperatures in areas without reliable electricity. By 2022, more than 900 solar-powered vaccine refrigerators had been installed in Haiti. This was accomplished through support from partners like Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance and the Global Environment Facility. These units enable consistent vaccine storage, reduce spoilage and ensure that essential immunizations can reach even the most remote communities. They’ve become the backbone of routine immunization efforts in many areas, especially during outbreaks and vaccination campaigns.

These solar fridges replaced older gas and kerosene-powered units, improving storage reliability and expanding immunization coverage. Data from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) show that immunization coverage increased from 73.6% in 2017 to 86% within one year of implementation in targeted areas. Additional funding from the Global Environment Facility and IDB helped scale this solution by equipping several villages with solar-powered systems alongside solar-powered refrigerators in Haiti.

The Sunny Impact

The impact of solar-powered refrigerators in Haiti has extended beyond just increasing vaccine coverage for Haiti. By reducing the need to travel long distances for vaccines, rural residents can stay within their communities, conserving time and improving local economic participation. Overall, solar-powered refrigerators in Haiti have equipped mobile clinics with the power to reduce barriers to vaccine resilience and have generally improved multiple communities.

The Future

Solar-powered refrigeration in Haiti represents the first step toward innovating health care across the region. Even so, these innovations have saved thousands of lives by enabling faster access to life-saving vaccinations. While it’s only the beginning, this solution highlights the dedication of organizations worldwide working to serve communities that truly need support.

– Kallen Zhou

Kallen is based in Hattiesburg, MS, USA and focuses on Technology and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

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Poverty Reduction and Renewable Energy in Tajikistan

Renewable Energy in TajikistanTajikistan, one of the most economically challenged nations in Central Asia, continues to face persistent energy shortages that disproportionately impact rural communities. Despite efforts to expand electricity access, many households outside urban centers still suffer from unreliable power supply. However, Tajikistan’s rugged landscape and vast river systems offer a unique opportunity for the development of renewable energy, particularly in the form of hydropower and solar energy. With targeted investment and strategic planning, renewable energy can potentially play a crucial role in reducing poverty by expanding electricity access, improving living conditions and stimulating economic development, thus showing the active link between renewable energy and poverty reduction.

Tajikistan’s Energy Sector

The country’s energy sector is under considerable strain, especially during the winter months when energy demand peaks. Although statistics show that rural populations technically have near-universal electricity access, putting it to 100% access, around 1 million people still endure frequent blackouts and voltage fluctuations. These inconsistent supplies force many families to rely on coal and firewood for heating and cooking, which not only increases their daily burden but also exposes them to significant health risks due to indoor air pollution. These conditions also hinder productivity, restrict educational opportunities and strain public services such as health clinics and schools. Without reliable electricity, development, renewable energy and poverty reduction remain stunted in many parts of the country.

International Initiatives

In response to these challenges, a number of national and international initiatives have begun to promote the use of renewable energy in Tajikistan. To reduce wastage via energy loss, the European Union (EU), for example, has funded through a €20 million investment grant a strategy to modernise Tajikistan’s electricity grid, which will help update the grid to prepare for future renewable energy investments and lead to a much cleaner, renewable Tajikistan. Projects such as this allow rural areas to gain more access to the grid and consistent electricity, allowing critical institutions like schools and medical centers to operate without interruption.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has supported community-led hydropower projects in areas such as the Rasht Valley, empowering local authorities to manage and distribute energy resources more effectively. By focusing on local people, especially the youth, it enables the project to be fully accepted and utilised by the locals, allowing them the skills to fix any issues, but also find good, high-quality employment that leads to further success in renewable energy and poverty reduction. 

Positive Outcomes and Ongoing Challenges

These renewable energy initiatives carry far-reaching socioeconomic benefits. Access to reliable electricity enables small businesses, such as tailoring, carpentry and food processing in order to operate more efficiently and extend their hours, thereby boosting household incomes. Electrified schools can incorporate digital tools and access online educational resources, while clinics can refrigerate vaccines and power medical equipment, greatly improving the quality of health care. In addition, shifting away from traditional fuels such as coal and firewood reduces indoor air pollution, which is a leading contributor to respiratory illnesses, especially among women and children.

Despite the positive outcomes, several barriers continue to hinder the large-scale adoption of renewable energy in Tajikistan. High upfront costs and limited access to domestic financing make it difficult to scale solar and micro-hydro projects. Climate change poses an additional threat, as unpredictable water flows from glacial melt and droughts may jeopardize the long-term viability of hydropower. Furthermore, cumbersome regulatory processes could discourage private investment and slow the implementation of new technologies.

Potential Solutions

To address these issues and realize its clean energy potential, Tajikistan may need to prioritize a combination of financial innovation and policy reform. Encouraging public-private partnerships could unlock new funding streams for decentralized renewable systems, especially in underserved rural areas. Expanding regional energy trade may allow the country to monetize its surplus hydropower during peak production periods. Investing in energy storage technologies, such as batteries and pumped hydro storage, could also help manage seasonal variations in supply and increase grid reliability.

Looking Forward

In conclusion, Tajikistan’s abundant renewable energy resources present an opportunity for renewable energy and poverty reduction and support sustainable development. By improving energy access, especially in rural areas, the country can potentially enhance public services, grow local economies and promote environmental health. With continued international collaboration and a strong domestic policy framework, there’s hope that Tajikistan can transform its energy sector into a cornerstone of resilience, prosperity and social equity.

– Max Jenkins

Max is based in Exeter, UK and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Moldova’s Freedom: Iași-Ungheni-Chişinau Natural Gas Pipeline

Iași-UngheniSince 2010, Moldova has been a member of the Energy Community, aiming to integrate neighbouring countries outside the EU into its energy market. The Iași-Ungheni natural gas pipeline project connects Romania and Moldova to enhance energy security. Initially, Moldova will source about 50 million cubic meters per year from Romania, while the country’s 2013 consumption was around 1 billion cubic meters. It fosters cross-border cooperation, promotes regional development, and supports the development of modern energy infrastructure. Gas supply began in 2015 to over 10,300 Moldovan consumers, with a planned extension to Chişinau, requiring an investment of €80 million ($92,592,000).

Initial Steps to Reduce Dependence on Russian Gas

Geopolitical tensions between Russia and Ukraine, the latter being the territory through which Moldova obtained the gas provided by Russia, increased the urgency for alternative sources. The Iași-Ungheni-Chişinau natural gas pipeline, completed in 2020, offered a significant opportunity for energy diversification by enabling access to European gas sources. The capacity of 1.5 billion cubic meters per year, now expandable to 2.2 billion cubic meters, can supply up to 75% of Moldova’s average consumption and 60% of the average during the winter season.

The Ungheni-Chisinau pipeline segment construction began in 2019, covered by Romania’s Transgaz and co-financed by the EU’s ERDF, with a total cost of €150 million ($173,610,000). Although the previous segment had been operational since 2014 from Iași to Ungheni, it was only briefly used in 2015 due to limited demand, due to political disagreements, uncompetitive Romanian gas prices and technical constraints.

Energy Lifesaver: The 2022 Energy Situation

Traditionally dependent on Russian gas routed through Ukraine and the separatist-controlled region of Transnistria, Moldova’s energy was highly vulnerable to political pressure from Moscow. This vulnerability was exposed in 2022 when Gazprom, one of the main russian gas suppliers, unilaterally reduced its gas supplies. In response, Moldova activated the Iași-Ungheni-Chişinau natural gas pipeline, built with Romanian and EU support, to import gas from European markets. The gas measuring station at Ungheni, operated by Vestmoldtransgaz, is capable of handling up to 5 million cubic meters of gas per day, ensuring a reliable supply even during winter. Minister of Energy Victor Parlicov emphasized the pipeline’s role in preventing energy blackmail and announced plans for a new Ungheni-Balti pipeline to connect with Ukrainian storage, reinforcing Moldova’s integration into the regional vertical gas corridor and reducing its dependence on Russian energy.

The Iași-Ungheni-Chişinau Natural Gas Pipeline

After the success of the energy alternative, Minister Victor Parlicov emphasized that expanding the Iasi-Ungheni-Chisinau natural gas pipeline will significantly boost Moldova’s energy resilience and regional integration. Vestmoldtransgaz, the natural gas transmission system operator in the Republic of Moldova, works with proposing upgrades and potential new branches to Balti and Drochia. Strengthening collaboration with Romania, Ukraine and Poland will foster gas transit flexibility. Increased transit reduces pressure on Moldovan consumers and benefits the country. The “Chisinau Belt” project, set for completion by 2031, makes a key step in securing Moldova’s energy future.

Additionally, the EU and Moldova have launched a two-year, €250 million ($289,350,000) strategy to ensure Moldova’s energy independence and integration in the EU energy market, with €100 million ($115,740,000) allocated by mid-April 2025. The plan includes compensation for household electricity costs on the Right Bank and support for vulnerable consumers and institutions, enabling Moldova to disconnect the Right Bank from Russian gas and fully source energy from EU markets.

– Sara Arias Saiz

Sara is based in Leipzig, Germany and focuses on Business and New Markets for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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The Pioneership of Renewable Energy in Turkmenistan

Renewable Energy in TurkmenistanSituated in the heart of Eurasia, Turkmenistan stands out as the only country in the world to decree free electricity, gas and water for its citizens until 2030. Recent advancements in the renewable energy industry in Turkmenistan have significantly increased the level of exports to neighboring countries, alongside alleviating energy poverty domestically.

Greening Turkmenistan’s Electricity Sector

The state power corporation Turkmenenergo is responsible for the management of urban and rural electrification, and one can trace the successes of its efforts back to 1913, with the establishment of the first electric power plant for the Turkmen population. Until 1957, small isolated power plants and diesel-based stations primarily supplied electric energy to consumers.

By 1979, Turkmenenergo achieved complete centralization of power in rural areas, reducing energy poverty and integrating renewables into the grid. In 1993, initiatives to enhance social welfare led to the provision of free electricity to the population prioritizing fulfilling energy satisfaction domestically.  Additionally, Turkmenistan has increased electricity exports to neighboring countries like Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey, with a renewable sources powering a growing share.

Current Strategy

The development of a Public Outreach Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency powers Turkmenistan’s transition to green electrification. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded the strategy, and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) implemented it.

The outreach strategy aims to raise public awareness about the benefits of renewable energy in Turkmenistan and to harness the country’s substantial solar energy potential. Given more than 300 sunny days annually, amounting to 2,774 hours of variable sunshine throughout the country, there is a significant interest in tapping into solar energy. By investing in outreach and infrastructure, Turkmenistan is actively integrating renewables into its grid, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and striving to meet its Net Zero targets by 2030.

Energy Accessibility

The government is undertaking efforts to construct and reconstruct electric networks in accordance with the President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov Development Programme, prioritizing energy accessibility in towns and villages. Leveraging the existing renewable energy potential will ensure a more consistent flow of centralized renewable electricity in Ashgabat, and this shift will reduce dependency on outdated modes of electrification based on traditional fossil fuels in Ashkhabad, Akhal and Abadan power plants.

The acceleration of renewable energy in Turkmenistan is integral for its economic, political and cultural development. Investing in green energy would help Turkmenistan mitigate energy poverty, and offer a more reliable and sustainable power supply. Indeed, studies have widely confirmed that increased consumption of renewable energy will accelerate emissions reduction and accelerate energy efficiency and conservation. Given this context, the acceleration of renewable energy in Turkmenistan directly supports efforts to promote sustainable environments that will facilitate urban growth by minimizing harmful externalities like air pollution and emissions.

The Turkmen Government’s Projects

The efforts of the Turkmen government have significantly alleviated energy poverty levels, reaching remote and hard-to-reach areas. The country has laid out projects to actively extend electrification from grids harnessed by renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to supply electricity to settlements located on the outskirts of the country.

One notable project involves the construction of a 10-megawatt hybrid solar-wind power plant in the Serdar district of the Balkan province, near the Altyn Asyr Turkmen Lake. This facility aims to provide a reliable power supply to newly established settlements in the vicinity, enhancing energy accessibility and supporting the socio-economic development here. Furthermore, the construction of these cost-effective alternative green energy facilities that do not contribute to environmental damage, ensures the implementation of all state goals envisioning sustainability and growth. 

Additional Development Projects

Turkmenistan is actively seeking international cooperation to enhance its renewable share in the energy sector. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) plans to provide technical assistance for integrating renewable-based solutions to support the country’s green transformation. These initiatives include developing solar energy roadmaps and launching pilot urban solar power plants, leading to diversification of the economic and energy landscape alongside environmental sustainability.

Furthermore, Turkmenistan has launched a collaborative project with the European Union titled EU for Turkmenistan’s Green Development: Policy Dialogue and Climate Action 2024-2028. This initiative would focus on promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency, including measures to limit and cap harmful gaseous emissions.

Looking Ahead

The commitment to attain renewable energy in Turkmenistan is evident through the joint practical steps undertaken through its strategies and international collaborations. By focusing on sustainable development and energy efficiency, the country is paving the way towards a greener future, which will benefit both its citizens and the broader region.  

– Tanisha Bhattacharyya

Tanisha is based in the United Kingdom and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash