Archive for category: Electricity and Power

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Powering Progress: Renewable Energy in Ghana

ghana renewable energyIn 2019, the Government of Ghana, in collaboration with stakeholders including the Energy Commission of Ghana, the Ministry of Energy and international partners, launched the Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) designed to improve poverty reduction, job creation and economic growth. As the primary goal of the plan remains to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve 10% renewable energy penetration by 2030, with a focus on solar, wind, hydro and biomass energy sources, it also seeks to attract investments and create jobs.

Economic Landscape in Ghana

According to the World Bank, Ghana’s poverty challenges have persisted since 1990, with periods of progress and setbacks. However, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these issues, leading to a significant rise in poverty levels by 2020. In 2022, public debt in Ghana rose to 78.3% of GDP. As a result, Ghana faced worsening living standards which forced many people into extreme poverty. For instance, Statista data indicates that approximately 6.9 million Ghanaians were living in extreme poverty in 2024, surviving on less than $2.15 per day.

Renewable Energy in Ghana: The Potential

Renewable energy projects, such as REMP, could address broader socio-economic challenges such as job creation, which could reshape and improve the country’s economic landscape. Ghana’s abundant natural resources, including significant renewable energy potential in solar, wind, hydro and biomass, could enhance key aspects of socio-economic life, such as economic growth.

The country has made significant progress in advancing its renewable energy targets, leveraging its solar, wind, small-scale hydropower and biomass potential. A key contributor to this effort is the Bui Power Authority, which has installed 250 MWp of solar panels, significantly boosting Ghana’s solar capacity and supporting the national goal of increasing renewable energy in the energy mix.

Additionally, the Bui Power Authority is developing Africa’s largest floating solar farm, with a 50 MW project set for completion by 2024 and plans to expand to 250 MW by 2030. These initiatives, alongside the deployment of off-grid solar systems and mini-grids, have brought electricity to thousands of households in rural and underserved communities, aligning with the REMP’s objectives of promoting sustainable energy, reducing carbon emissions and improving energy access.

Furthermore, these projects have created thousands of jobs in construction, installation, and maintenance, positively impacting the job market and contributing to poverty reduction. Through these efforts, Ghana is demonstrating how strategic renewable energy investments can drive sustainable development, economic growth, and improved quality of life.

Impact on Ghana’s Job Market: Key Data and Outcomes

Ghana has prioritized direct job creation through labour-intensive activities such as construction and installation of renewable energy projects. This initiative has significantly impacted the job market, generating both direct and indirect employment opportunities. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Annual Report 2025, the renewable energy sector has seen substantial employment growth, with solar energy projects contributing a significant percentage of jobs globally. Beyond direct employment, renewable energy in Ghana could improve job growth in related industries, including manufacturing, transportation, and logistics, as the production and supply of renewable energy equipment require substantial labour.

One of the most transformative aspects of renewable energy is the focus on skill development. In 2024, the Energy Commission started the Energy Academy, aiming to improve the skills of professional working in energy industry in Ghana, enhancing their employability in the growing green economy.

The Future

Renewable energy in Ghana has made significant strides in addressing economic challenges such as poverty, low employment rates and slow economic growth through job creation and professional training. As the renewable energy plans move forward, this global collaboration remains essential to achieving its goals, including the construction of advanced solar ecosystems and high employability rates, ultimately transforming Ghana’s job market and driving sustainable economic growth.

– Liubov Linnyk

Liubov is based in England and focuses on Business and New Markets for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Renewable Energy Efforts Promote Poverty Eradication in Serbia

Poverty Eradication in SerbiaLocated in the Southeast of Europe, Serbia is a beautiful country, West of the Balkan Peninsula. Known for its rich heritage, cultural traditions and the beauty of its natural landscapes, it is unsurprising that it draws in an average of 1.85 million tourists every year. However, despite the positive impact tourism has on the Serbian economy there is, nevertheless, a severe and widespread case of poverty that plagues Serbia. However, fortunately, efforts are in place for poverty eradication in Serbia.

Poverty in Serbia

Just over a quarter of Serbia’s population is considered to be living in poverty. Rural regions, primarily located in the south east of Serbia are much more severe, where poverty rates are four times higher than those in Belgrade, the country’s capital. Given how heavily the Serbian economy depends on its rural and small-scale farming communities, it is noteworthy that poverty is most prevalent in these areas.

These poorer communities also suffer challenges such as natural disasters (primarily floods), inadequate infrastructure and public services, contributing to the continued poverty and economic instability.

It is also key to note that during the 1990s, the area faced extreme conflict due to the  Yugoslav war, resulting in a significant economic downturn in many eastern European countries. Although global and national assessments reveal that infrastructure coverage has improved, there are still disparities in accessing housing, proper sanitation and education between rural and urban communities due to the long lasting devastation from this conflict.

The Innovative and Just Green Transition Project

Despite poverty proving to be a persistent challenge for Serbia, numerous innovations are underway by both the Serbian government and international aid organizations to combat and reduce poverty in the country. In recent years, Serbia has implemented many innovative approaches to combat poverty, focusing on sustainable development. A notable initiative is the Innovative and Just Green Transition project, launched in March 2023. The project focuses on energy poverty, particularly in the most vulnerable and rural parts of Serbia.

Since 2022, Serbia has been on a mission to build a greener, more sustainable future—thanks to financial backing of the Japanese government. This support has sparked the implementation of twenty innovative business solutions designed to drive the country’s Just Green Transition. One such initiative tackles landfill waste through large-scale recycling efforts, breathing new life into discarded materials.

Meris Ugljanin, a Serbian entrepreneur, is among those leading the charge. He is determined to cut energy costs and reduce his company’s environmental impact by installing solar panels and air-purifying filters. “Our goal was to switch to renewable energy,” he explains, hoping to inspire other businesses to follow suit. 

How the Just Green Movement Works

While the Just Green movement is committed to phasing out fossil fuels, it also recognizes the harsh reality that doing so will disrupt countless jobs tied to the industry. A sudden shift could leave many workers without a livelihood, creating economic uncertainty. To prevent this, the initiative is taking a proactive approach—offering support, retraining programs, and pathways into sustainable “green occupations.” By equipping those most affected with new skills and opportunities, Just Green aims to ensure that the transition to clean energy is not only environmentally responsible but also fair and inclusive. As Serbia moves forward, these changes mark not just progress, but a shift in mindset—one where sustainability and economic growth go hand in hand.  The Just Green Transition develops policies that will ensure access to affordable and clean energy, and aids in poverty eradication in Serbia.

The development of renewable energy is paramount for eradicating poverty and boosting Serbia’s economy as these projects not only reduce energy poverty but also stimulate economic growth by creating jobs and careers for Serbian’s. Encouraging new and innovative ways to produce green energy and lower energy consumption, resulting in both economic resilience and environmental sustainability.

Foreign Aid Efforts in Serbia

Foreign aid also plays a significant role in innovating new ways to eradicate poverty in Serbia. An example of this is a collaborative scheme between the Serbian Red Cross and UNICEF. This innovation provides aid for 500 families as part of the 1,000 Families from the Edge campaign. Deyana Kostadinova, a UNICEF Representative in Serbia, states that “UNICEF mobilized its own resources and engaged with the business sector and individuals to help raise funds to provide the poorest families with children the necessary financial aid to survive the winter.” The 1,000 Families from the Edge campaign was first implemented in 2022 and continues to provide humanitarian and financial aid for Serbia’s most vulnerable families.  

Looking To the Future

Although poverty is still a serious concern for Serbia, the country’s innovative approach to poverty eradication through renewable energy and foreign aid offers hope for a stronger economic future for the country. Renewable energy projects, such as those focusing on sustainable energy solutions in rural areas. Encouraging both economic resilience and environmental sustainability. These clean energy initiatives paired with the support of foreign aid has been vital in providing the necessary resources for Serbia’s vulnerable communities that have long been underserved. Serbia is paving the way for a resilient and inclusive economy. 

– Abbey G Malin

Abbey is based in Oxford, UK and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikipedia Commons

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Renewable Energy in Eritrea: The Effects of Solar Power

Renewable Energy in EritreaAccess to electricity is a fundamental driver of economic growth and poverty reduction. Without it, businesses cannot run, schools cannot provide quality education and healthcare facilities struggle to operate effectively. In Eritrea, where nearly half of the population lives in poverty, access to electricity remains a significant challenge. Only 53% of the population has access to electricity, 76% in urban areas and only 10% in rural regions. This limited access hinders economic opportunities; however, a recent push toward renewable energy, particularly solar power, offers hope for a brighter future. As Eritrea experiences steady GDP growth and declining poverty rates, renewable energy in Eritrea has the potential to accelerate this progress by expanding electricity access sustainably and cost-effectively.

The Role of Electricity in Economic Development

The World Bank identifies inclusive economic growth as the most effective means of reducing poverty. However, sustainable development is impossible without adequate, reliable and competitively priced modern energy. In Eritrea, where heavy reliance on imported oil has historically shaped the energy sector, the transition to renewable energy is not just about environmental sustainability–it is an economic necessity. By reducing dependence on expensive and volatile fossil fuel imports, Eritrea may be able to stabilize its economy and allocate resources more efficiently. 

Solar Power: A Sustainable Solution

Eritrea is investing in renewable solutions to address this energy gap, including constructing a 30 MW Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant in Dekemhare funded by the African Development Bank. The plant will create both short-term and long-term jobs, but its secondary benefits are transformative. Increasing national energy capacity from 35 MW to 65 MW–closer to the 70 MW peak demand–will reduce power shortages and load shedding, ensuring more consistent access to electricity. This additional power is crucial for small businesses, agricultural operations and educational institutions. More stable energy access means businesses can extend working hours, farmers can use solar-powered irrigation systems, and schools can introduce digital learning tools.

Addressing Agricultural Challenges

Agriculture is the backbone of Eritrea’s economy, with more than 75% of the population relying on it for their livelihoods. However, limited electricity access restricts agricultural practices such as irrigation. Conventional pumps for irrigation require diesel, but low domestic oil production, decreased imports and high fuel prices have made it increasingly difficult for farmers to maintain operations. With a peak energy demand of 70 MW and only 35 MW of operational capacity, power shortages further exacerbate poverty and food insecurity. The introduction of solar power can significantly improve irrigation systems across the country and enhance overall agricultural productivity. By investing in renewable energy, Eritrea can strengthen food security while simultaneously driving economic growth.

A Path Forward

The transition to renewable energy is not just about meeting electricity demand–it is about transforming lives. With Eritrea’s GDP projected to reach $10.1 billion by 2043 and extreme poverty expected to decline to 13%, Eritrea stands at a pivotal moment where renewable energy can accelerate progress. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels and expanding electricity access, the country can unlock new economic opportunities, improve living standards and pave the way for sustainable development. 

As the push toward renewable energy in Eritrea continues, the benefits will extend far beyond electricity. They will reshape communities, empower businesses and create a more prosperous future for all.

– Linnéa Matlack

Linnéa is based in Boston, MA, USA and focuses on Good News, and Technology for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pixabay

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Plan to Expand Electricity Access in Africa

Electricity Access in AfricaAccess to electricity is incredibly important in today’s world. It is fundamental for economic growth and improvements in public health, education, and poverty reduction. Despite this fact, 600 million people throughout Africa, nearly half the continent’s population, have no access to electricity. This lack of electricity keeps people impoverished throughout Africa. It limits health care and educational opportunities while hindering economic development. This energy crisis has only grown in recent years as the rate of electrification has been unable to keep pace with Africa’s rapidly growing population. “The number of people without access to electricity on the continent grew by 100 million from 2000 to 2022,” according to The New York Times.

Historic Energy Investment

Recognizing the urgent need for electrification, the World Bank Group, African Development Bank (AfDB) and others have committed $50 billion to expand electricity access in Africa. This funding commitment was announced at a summit in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, which was attended by 30 African heads of state, business leaders and global financiers. This level of funding is historic, making it the largest-ever investment in electric power in Africa, according to The New York Times.

The goal of these funders is to connect 300 million Africans to electricity by 2030, according to The New York Times. This ambitious goal would cut in half the amount of people without access to electricity on the continent. Beyond connecting people to electricity, another aim of the program is to spur economic growth through the creation of jobs and the fostering of business and trade growth. Electricity access is also a key aspect of poverty reduction. Access to electricity is essential in today’s world, and through this project, millions of people will be able to pursue new opportunities and gain access to the global economy.

Approach

Renewable energy sources are a central focus of the project. The plan evenly splits funding between two areas: the development of solar mini-grids, which serve individual rural communities, and the expansion of existing power grids, of which many are fueled by hydropower, according to The New York Times.  Leaders of the project have emphasized the need for collaboration among local governments, businesses, banks, and philanthropists. Many African countries today highly struggle with high levels of debt and economic challenges and do not have the necessary funds to invest in energy infrastructure, making foreign investment and support crucial.

Several African leaders have begun or aim to initiate reforms to become more investor-friendly, to spur private energy investment. Country-specific plans are essential to making sure that the program is rolled out effectively across Africa’s diverse range of countries. Multiple countries have already begun to develop these country-specific plans to expand electricity access.

Looking Ahead: Electricity Access in Africa

Access to electricity is a major roadblock to economic growth and poverty reduction throughout Africa. If successful, this plan will not only provide electricity access to hundreds of millions of people, it will spur economic growth, lift communities out of poverty, and expand educational, employment, and health opportunities for millions of people. This massive burst of investment comes at just the right time as energy demand increases due to rapid population growth. With collaboration between governments, the international community and private partners, this project can revolutionize electricity access in Africa.

– Matthew Wornom

Matthew is based in Yorktown, VA, USA and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Moving Forward: The Electric Vehicle Industry in the DRC

Electric Vehicle Industry in the DRCThe Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a country in Central Africa known for its rich deposits of copper, cobalt, zinc, lithium, oil and gold— all of which are essential to making the global clean energy transition. As companies globally look toward investing in a green future, particularly in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, mining sites in the DRC have become focal points of the supply chain necessary for constructing the batteries used in these cars.

Rising Demand for Rare Earth Metals

Investment in the DRC and other Central African nations reflects a growing interest in clean energy technologies. It also highlights the potential for increased engagement with the Congolese government to promote global trade of these valuable resources. As the EV and battery storage industries grow, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has predicted that total demand for lithium will rise by close to 90% by 2040. Similarly, nickel and cobalt will increase to between 60-70%.

The push is led by China, whose companies have been systematically buying and constructing refineries for these metals. Effectively this has made China indispensable to the EV supply chain. Approximately 80% of the DRC’s cobalt output is owned by Chinese companies. Many of these companies have recently come under fire for inhumane labor practices regarding the mines. For nations looking to get involved, the challenge now is to formalize the mining and refining processes while aligning labor practices with global standards. Additionally, the task is to distribute the profits from this trade to the Congolese government and its people.

Electric Vehicle Industry in the DRC

The DRC has long struggled with civil conflict. Fighting between the Congolese government and the militia group M23 has displaced millions of citizens. The DRC is considered one of the five most vulnerable countries in the world. The World Bank estimates that 73.5% of Congolese people live on less than $2.15 a day. Despite these challenges, the mining sector plays a vital role in the Congolese economy. In 2023, it grew by 18.2%, contributing to more than 70% of the overall gross domestic product (GDP) growth.

Most laborers, however, do not benefit from this growth. Often compared to modern-day slavery, Congolese freelance miners— referred to as “artisanal”— work in dangerous conditions for little more than a few dollars a day. These artisanal miners manually dig on the peripheries of excavation sites to sell to independent distributors. About 10-20% of Congolese cobalt is produced by artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). These ASM sites, in particular, are associated with child labor, hazardous conditions and human rights violations.

There has been a surge in pressure on the Congolese government and cobalt-producing companies in the DRC to avoid ASM-produced cobalt entirely. However, others have pointed out that this runs the risk of cutting off the livelihoods of many Congolese workers. Rather, a formalization of the ASM industry is necessary to monitor high-risk situations and prevent human rights violations.

Formalization of the ASM Industry

The Mutoshi mine, located in the Katanga Province, has served as a pilot project to integrate ASM into industrially mined cobalt. Formalization processes include encouraging female participation, eliminating child labor and improving safety conditions. Similarly, directives such as the European Union (EU) Batteries Directive, the African Green Minerals Strategy and the DRC’s Interministerial Commission in Charge of Monitoring Child Labor in Artisanal Mining aim to improve ASM conditions.

Furthermore, negotiations like the U.S.-DRC-Zambia trilateral memorandum of understanding (MoU) aim to strengthen cooperation. Furthermore, they look to develop a cross-border integrated value chain for EV battery production. The MoU also seeks to raise awareness of investment and co-financing opportunities for the EV industry in the DRC.

Looking Ahead

With rising investments and exports in the mining sector, driven by improving mineral prices and growing public investment from the EV and battery industries, the DRC is poised to see continued favorable GDP growth over the next decade. In 2023, GDP growth was recorded at 7.8%. With the continued formalization of ASM and steadfast negotiation, the DRC can improve its global standing greatly as demand for EVs and battery storage techniques continues to grow.

– Sadie Claps

Sadie is based in Seattle, WA, USA and focuses on Business and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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Expanding Renewable Energy in the Soloman Islands

Renewable Energy in the Soloman IslandsThe Solomon Islands, an archipelago nation in the South Pacific with more than 700,000 people, faces unique energy challenges due to its geographical spread and reliance on imported fossil fuels. To tackle these ongoing issues, renewable energy in the Soloman Islands is expanding, by signing and aligning with international climate goals such as the Paris Agreement.

Current Renewable Energy Landscape

The Solomon Islands relies heavily on diesel generators, with approximately 80% of its electricity coming from fossil fuels. Hydropower has played a role in the country’s renewable energy sector, with the Lungga Hydropower Station near the capital, Honiara, serving as the primary source of renewable electricity. However, the country seeks to diversify its energy mix to reduce costs, increase sustainability and enhance energy security.

Future Renewable Energy Potential

The Solomon Islands government aims to increase the share of renewable energy in its national energy mix to a target of 100% by 2030. Solar power presents one of the most promising opportunities, given the country’s tropical climate and consistent year-round sunlight. Additionally, the newly launched Tina River Hydropower Project is expected to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 49,500 tons annually, significantly reducing the country’s reliance on fossil fuels. The government is also promoting community-based biomass projects to meet energy needs while encouraging sustainable land use practices.

The Role of Coconut Oil in Energy Production

In a unique renewable energy initiative, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) partnered with Solomon Power to explore coconut oil as an alternative to diesel fuel. The trial involved running a generator on locally produced coconut oil, with a contract supplying 1,000 liters per week. This not only provided a steady income for coconut farmers but also demonstrated the potential for coconut oil to become a viable renewable energy source. Expanding this initiative could enhance energy security while creating new economic opportunities in the agricultural sector.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite progress, the Solomon Islands faces challenges in expanding its renewable energy sector. The geographical dispersion of islands makes energy infrastructure development costly and logistically complex. Additionally, securing financing for large-scale projects remains a hurdle for the nation and the country currently has some of the highest electricity costs in the world. Additionally, if coconut oil emerges as a major fuel source, it will require substantial investments in coconut farming, including replanting initiatives and enhanced quality control measures. The Solomon Islands needs to focus on a transition to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels to advance its energy goals and contribute to global sustainability efforts.

Renewable energy in the Soloman Islands stands at a pivotal moment in its transition. Expanding renewable energy sources could reduce dependence on fossil fuels, lower energy costs and contribute to global sustainability goals. With ongoing investments in hydropower, solar energy and innovative biofuel solutions, the country is positioning itself as a leader in sustainable energy development in the Pacific region.

– Avery Hazard

Avery is based in Segovia, Spain and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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How South Africa’s Energy System Limited Progress

South Africa’s EnergySouth Africa has long grappled with energy challenges rooted in its Apartheid-Era policies. The electricity grid was historically designed to serve a small, privileged minority, leaving vast portions of the population without access to reliable power. This outdated infrastructure failed to meet the demands of a growing population after apartheid ended, leading to frequent blackouts and widespread dissatisfaction. These challenges underscore the need to shift toward clean energy in South Africa.

In 2011, the government launched the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Program (REIPPPP) in response to the energy crisis. This initiative aimed to bring private investors into the renewable energy sector and address systemic inequalities by improving access to affordable electricity. Over the years, the program has made significant strides, reshaping South Africa’s energy landscape.

REIPPPP: A Game-Changer for Clean Energy

The REIPPPP is often lauded as a transformative project that promotes economic growth and sustainable development. By encouraging private companies, known as Independent Power Producers (IPPs), to invest in clean energy in South Africa, the program has delivered tangible results. It has added more than 6,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity to the national grid through wind, solar, and hydro projects

A key feature of REIPPPP is its focus on socio-economic benefits. Participating companies have to allocate a percentage of their revenue to local community development. Since its development, the program has provided 55,000 job years for South African citizens and could create even more, helping reduce poverty and improve living conditions for underserved communities.

Affordable Clean Energy

In rural areas, REIPPP projects have provided reliable and sustainable electricity. The Touwsrivier Concentrated Solar Plant in the Western Cape has significantly contributed to rural electrification by installing a 44 kW solar Photovoltaic (PV) system.

Additionally, the CPV1 solar power project, in partnership with local authorities, has expanded its impact by installing solar PV systems at schools. These systems have drastically reduced electricity costs, saving R5,000 (300$) per month per school. The savings were redirected toward purchasing educational resources, thereby improving the quality of education in underserved areas.

Increased Investment in the Country

The REIPPPP has attracted around R193 billion (US$16 billion) in investments, driving nearly 6 GW of renewable energy procurement since 2011. Notably, around R135.6 billion of the total investment stems from international financiers, with 25.8% contributed by foreign sources, according to the International Trade Administration (IDA). The United States remains the largest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa’s renewable energy sector, with several U.S. companies actively participating in tenders issued by the South African Department of Energy.

Beyond providing affordable and clean electricity, the program has allocated R19.1 billion to socio-economic development initiatives, benefiting local communities and creating employment opportunities, Blue Horizon reports. This alignment between private and public sectors highlights the potential of partnerships to drive sustainable development.

By bridging gaps in energy access and fostering economic investment, the REIPPPP continues to serve as a global model for renewable energy initiatives.

The Role of Eskom in the Energy Transition

While REIPPPP has made considerable progress, its success is closely tied to Eskom, South Africa’s primary electricity supplier. Eskom generates approximately 95% of the country’s electricity, largely from coal, which poses environmental and operational challenges, according to IDA. The utility’s aging infrastructure and financial woes have prompted the government to explore partnerships with IPPs to diversify energy sources. However, through REIPPPP, Eskom has incorporated clean energy into South Africa’s national grid, providing cleaner and more reliable power, IDA reports.

This collaboration highlights the importance of combining public and private efforts to overcome energy challenges in South Africa.

Challenges and Future Outlook

Despite its successes, the shift to clean energy in South Africa is not without challenges. The current grid infrastructure is insufficient to support the increased demand for clean energy in South Africa. Minister Kgosientsho Ramokgopa emphasized that while there is significant interest from the private sector to engage in the REIPPPP, the lack of grid capacity hinders progress in deploying new projects.

The slow and complex licensing process for IPPs has been a significant barrier to the progress of renewable energy projects. These delays have deterred investment and slowed the deployment of energy solutions. Minister Ramokgopa acknowledged this issue and outlined plans to simplify and potentially eliminate licensing requirements to facilitate faster integration of renewable energy into the grid and support the country’s decarbonization efforts.

South Africa’s workforce is primarily skilled in coal and nuclear energy. As the country transitions to renewable energy, there is a risk of job losses unless the workforce is up-skilled. The lack of proper training and capacity-building programs could lead to unemployment among coal workers and a shortage of skilled professionals in the clean energy sector. It is essential to prioritize training and skills transfer to ensure a smooth transition.

Solutions for a Sustainable Future

South Africa faces significant hurdles in its transition to clean energy, but there are viable solutions. Indeed, by modernizing the grid infrastructure, simplifying regulatory processes and providing reskilling programs for coal workers, the country can accelerate its energy shift. Strengthening public-private partnerships will also attract vital investment and foster socio-economic development. These steps could ensure a just transition to a cleaner, more reliable energy future.

The REIPPPP offers a clear path forward for South Africa, demonstrating how renewable energy can foster economic growth, create jobs and tackle inequality. Furthermore, if fully embraced, South Africa has the potential to lead the global transition toward clean energy, setting a powerful example for other nations to follow.

– Mmanoko Faith Molobetsi

Mmanoko is based in Pretoria, South Africa and focuses on Good News and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Exploring the Economic Impact of Renewable Energy in Mali

Renewable Energy in Mali
Many citizens in Mali, a Sub-Saharan desert country in Africa with a population of almost 24.5 million, struggle to afford energy, and simmer in poverty. In 2022, poverty rates hit 19.1%, meaning almost 20% of their population makes less than $2.15 a day. With their growing impoverishment, their government has decided to take initiative and implement renewable energy in Mali. Not only does renewable energy create a cheaper alternative for those who cannot otherwise afford it, but it also creates jobs for those who need them. A staggering 52% of the population has access to electricity, less than 5%  have access to clean cooking, and as of 2023, the unemployment rate sits at 3.01%.

What is Renewable Energy?

In general terms, renewable energy is harnessed power that is derived from a continuously and naturally replenishable source, and is often a carbon-free source. Renewable energy sources include: 

  • Hydropower
  • Wind Power
  • Biomass
  • Solar Energy

All of these create a form of electricity.

Today, electricity greatly enhances people’s lives, which they use for everything from evening illumination to laundry, food preparation, factory operation and even things like international communication. It is essential for raising living standards, promoting economic growth and reducing poverty.

How Does Renewable Energy Affect Mali?

Currently in Mali, the average lifespan is only 59 years. On average, 97 newborns out of 1,000 pass away before they turn five. About 80% of Malians lack proper sanitation, and many do not have access to safe drinking water. The population is growing at a pace of 3.2% each year, and 47% of Malians are under the age of 15.

In 2006, Mali’s government implemented the National Energy Policy, which is supported by its five main objectives:

  • Improving access to energy
  • The rational use of existing energy sources
  • The efficient use of existing natural resources to produce energy
  • Sustainable use of biomass resources through the conservation and protection of forests
  • Strengthening government capacity and streamlining administrative procedures within the energy sector

These objectives aid in getting more electricity access across the continent, and also has the potential to create employment opportunities across the globe. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), transitioning to renewable energy in Mali is expected to “create 40 million additional jobs in the energy sector by 2050, with 18 million more jobs globally in renewables alone.”

Actions That Mali is Taking

Mali already has many jobs created for its citizens from these renewable energy projects. For example, in 2019, “ECREEE supported the Government of Mali in 2015 to develop a BOOT model tender for the development of grid-connected renewable energy projects.” From this BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, Transfer) model, a whopping 450 jobs emerged in Mali across the duration of the project.

The imminent arrival of these jobs can provide skills to allow workers to obtain future employment once it becomes available. However, in order for this initiative to work, there are several things being prioritized starting at early ages. With aid and funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Education Development Center (EDC) has been able to provide a lot of help to the youthful Malians through the PAJE-Nièta— the Mali Out-of-School Youth project. These are the main pursuits of the project:

  • Give young people access to basic education, training in entrepreneurship and technical instruction in the service and agro-pastoral sectors
  • Teach volunteers to conduct business and basic education classes and to support program participants as they pursue entrepreneurship
  • Teach young people how to use Stepping Stone, an app that the EDC created, to access basic education lessons on mobile devices
  • Teach young people to start internal lending and savings organizations to support social and corporate loans
  • Boost the current youth associations’ organizational capabilities to oversee and carry out project operations

Looking Ahead

In order to produce employees for future jobs, once renewable energy projects reach completion, creating skilled workers from the inexperienced youth is key to furthering the continent’s progression. Renewable projects in Mali will likely develop the country’s economy, improving the conditions its citizens live in.

– Taylor Naquin

Taylor is based in Gilbert, AZ , USA and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Mission 300: Push for Clean Energy Access in Africa

Clean energy access in africaIn terms of factors worsening global poverty, energy distribution and access to electricity both play a pivotal role in alleviating poverty worldwide. Many places struggle with energy distribution and access. However, in parts of Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, this problem remains severe. According to the World Bank Group, 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa lack access to electricity. This number represents nearly 83% of the world’s unelectrified population. To combat this issue, the World Bank Group has partnered with the African Development Bank and other collaborators on Mission 300, a project that aims to provide clean energy access in Africa by 2030.

Ambitious Project

Mission 300 aims to deliver clean and affordable energy to nearly 300 million people. To achieve this goal, the World Bank and the African Development Bank will collaborate with governments, philanthropies, the private sector and multilateral. The success of this initiative depends on working with different governments and addressing the unique energy needs of each country, guided by local leaders. Negotiations with the private sector will also play a crucial role in managing transmission and distribution networks. Additionally, donors, philanthropists and other partners will contribute vital investments to ensure the project’s financial success and help attract public funding.

Different from Past Efforts

Previous efforts have tried to address the electricity crisis, but Mission 300 offers a new approach. First, it is African-led, allowing leaders to implement country-specific reforms tailored to their populations. Moreover, the initiative has already made progress by helping 12 million Africans gain access to electricity. Significant financial backing supports this effort, with $20 billion in funding from the International Development Association and additional support from donors and partners like the Rockefeller Foundation.

New contributors continue to join the project. Agencies from the United States (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.) and Germany have expressed interest in assisting. In comparison to earlier initiatives such as the World Bank’s 2007 Lighting Africa project, which struggled to reach its goals or the African Development Bank’s 2016 ‘New Deal on Energy for Africa,’ which experienced delays due to funding gaps and logistical hurdles, Mission 300 builds on lessons from those experiences. By integrating new resources and innovative methods, this initiative aims to succeed where previous efforts fell short.

Finding Clean Energy Solutions

Mission 300 prioritizes green energy solutions like solar, wind and hydropower to limit the environmental impact of increased energy access. Mini-grids and off-grid systems will bring electricity to rural areas without relying on carbon-emitting infrastructure. Additionally, the project promotes energy efficiency measures that reduce environmental harm while eliminating reliance on kerosene and diesel fuels.

Looking to the Future

Mission 300 continues to expand, with 12 million people already connected and 90 million ongoing projects in progress. This initiative offers unprecedented clean energy access in Africa. Staying informed about Mission 300 is crucial, as the project continues its efforts to provide sustainable energy solutions for millions across sub-Saharan Africa.

– Michael Messina

Michael is based in Newburyport, MA, USA and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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5 Things to Know about Renewable Energy in Brazil

Renewable Energy in BrazilBrazil is one of the largest energy markets in the world, and the largest energy market in Latin America. There are over 88 million consumers of electricity in Brazil, including residential, commercial and industrial consumers. With Brazil producing and consuming that much energy, renewable energy sources such as hydroelectric, solar, and wind power are incredibly popular throughout the country.

Renewable Energy Efforts

  1. Brazil is a world leader in renewable energy. The global average for renewable energy sectors is 25%, whereas renewable energy accounts for more than 80% of Brazil’s energy network, according to the International Trade Administration (IDA). Brazil also has one of the cleanest energy matrices in the world, with the vast majority of its energy production being renewable. For the most part, Brazil also focuses on domestic energy production, instead of outsourcing or importing their energy.
  2. The most popular form of renewable energy in Brazil is hydropower. In 2020, hydroelectric power produced 66% of all electricity generated in Brazil, which is five times more than the amount of electricity that fossil fuels produced. Most hydroelectric power plants operate in the Amazon River Basin, which is in northern Brazil. Brazil has more than 150 active hydropower plants.
  3. Plastic water bottles are providing energy. Several areas in Brazil still do not have reliable access to electricity. Some organizations, like Litro de Luz, are working to provide access to electricity through the use of recyclable materials. The organization uses these materials, including plastic bottles and PVC pipes, to create solar panels that function as lanterns or lamp posts. Litro de Luz focuses on low-income families in impoverished regions. Their inventive solar energy methods have provided reliable renewable electricity to more than 20,000 people.
  4. While solar energy only accounted for less than 10% of energy produced in Brazil in 2020, it is rapidly becoming more popular as a renewable energy source, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). There has been a focus on providing solar energy in low-income areas due to the low cost of installation and upkeep. Organizations like ABSOLAR work with Brazilian solar companies and energy companies to promote the increased use of solar energy throughout the country. By 2030, Brazil hopes to have solar energy account for the majority of its power expansion.
  5. Wind turbines are another form of renewable energy in Brazil. The first wind turbine in Brazil began operations in 1992, and Brazilians have steadily increased the use of turbines since. The Brazilian Wind Power Association estimates that 16% of renewable energy in the country comes from wind power. There are also more than 1,100 wind farms in Brazil, both onshore and offshore. In addition to providing clean energy, wind power is also helping to provide jobs in Brazil. Each wind turbine installed creates roughly 11 jobs.

A Booming Industry

Renewable energy in Brazil is a booming industry. It provides thousands of jobs and access to clean, reliable energy to those in need. Brazil utilizes several renewable energy sources, including hydroelectric, solar and wind power. There are also many organizations working to make renewable energy available to everyone, such as ABSOLAR, Litro de Luz, and the Brazilian Wind Power Association. Renewable energy is helping to make electricity access affordable, reliable, and clean around the world. Brazil is steadily growing as a leader in this mission.

– Lizzie Mazzola

Lizzie is based in Raleigh, NC, USA and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr