Archive for category: Development

Information and stories on development news.

, ,

Reducing Poverty in São Paulo

Poverty in São PauloSão Paulo, a city in Brazil, has launched new initiatives to help reduce poverty and guide citizens to self-sufficiency. Two major programs, SuperAção SP and the Master Plan, take different approaches to the same goal. SuperAção SP focuses on personalized support, working directly with families to identify needs and provide training, funds and resources. Meanwhile, the Master Plan aims to fight poverty through urban development by improving housing, transportation and job access. Together, these efforts aim to create immediate relief and lasting economic stability.

SuperAção SP

SuperAção SP employs 500 specialized agents who will work with around 20 families, examining each family’s particular root cause of poverty and devising a specific plan to get them out of poverty. For instance, a mother who cannot afford to send her children to daycare will be given a fund and advised on what to save money for. Individuals with little to no prior job experience will receive training that equips them for the labor force, giving them a better chance at getting jobs. Families suffering from malnutrition and food shortages will receive emergency funds and resources that are completely food-centered.

The first step of this program is to reach and work with more than 100,000 families in São Paulo over the next two years. During this period, the objective is to lift these families out of extreme poverty and implant a degree of self-sufficiency that enables them to remain above the poverty line. What sets SuperAção SP apart from other poverty alleviation policies is its dual approach: providing immediate support to those in need while equipping individuals with the skills and opportunities necessary to achieve long-term economic independence.

The Master Plan

Another poverty reduction initiative in São Paulo is the Master Plan. Initially implemented in 2014, the plan was revised in 2023 to accommodate increased demands and to take a more proactive approach to addressing poverty. The Master Plan is designed to reduce poverty through urban development; it focuses on creating better public transportation, larger apartment buildings and more room for parking, subway systems and train stations.

The core premise of the Master Plan is that poverty can be reduced through improvements in urban infrastructure and public spaces. Larger apartments, with cleaner subway, train and bus stations, will improve the quality of life in a given area. As a response to the improved areas, employment will also increase in the form of business and new work opportunities will be created. In turn, these improvements are expected to stimulate local economic growth by encouraging business development and creating new employment opportunities.

Furthermore, by bringing housing and job prospects closer, the Master Plan aims to strengthen the quality of life and the labor market in São Paulo. The 2023 revision of the plan was partly driven by studies indicating that areas with well-developed public transportation and larger residential and commercial buildings experienced lower poverty rates.

Conclusion on Poverty Reduction in São Paulo

The Master Plan and SuperAção SP are just a few of the many poverty plans in São Paulo. The poverty rate in São Paulo has been steadily decreasing in recent years. In 2023, the poverty rate reached a new low of 27.4%, which had not been seen since 2012. Programs like the Master Plan and SuperAção SP continue to be implemented and revised to reduce poverty. 

– Russell Bivins

Russell is based in Phoenix, AZ, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pexels

, ,

Social Programs Improving Health and Poverty in Gabon

Social Programs Driving Health and Poverty Reduction in GabonGabon, though rich in natural resources and boasting a high per capita GDP, still faces widespread poverty. About 33% of the population lives on less than $5.50 per day. However, several social programs are helping to address poverty and improve access to health care. As medical expenses often deepen financial hardship, these programs play a critical role in promoting both health and economic stability.

National Health Insurance and Social Coverage Fund

The National Health Insurance and Social Coverage Fund (NHISCF) plays a central role in Gabon’s push toward universal health care. The fund draws support from the government, public sector officials, employers and employees. Initially designed to serve the poor and public employees, the fund now covers more than half of the population. It also supports students and workers in the private sector, expanding access to medical care for low-income groups across Gabon. Through this fund, Gabon has taken significant steps toward closing the gap between income and access to health care. By reducing out-of-pocket medical costs, NHISCF allows many residents to seek treatment without facing financial strain.

The Gabon Indigents Scheme

In 2007, Gabon established the Gabon Indigents Scheme (GIS) under the NHISCF. This initiative targets economically vulnerable residents, representing about 30% of the population, who are at least 16 years old. The government fully funds their medical care and these individuals do not pay contributions. High costs often prevent people in low-income households from accessing essential services. By removing the financial barrier, the GIS ensures that poor residents can receive treatment when needed. This approach not only protects their health but also shields them from falling deeper into poverty due to medical debt.

Cash Maternity Benefits and Birth Grants

Gabon’s social insurance system also offers maternity leave benefits and family allowances. According to the SSA, the system provides 100% of a mother’s final monthly income for up to six weeks before childbirth and eight weeks after. In cases involving complications, the leave period extends by another three weeks. Employers initially pay the benefit, and the government reimburses them for half the cost. Families also receive financial assistance after childbirth. The government provides 8,000 CFA francs as a birth grant and 45,000 CFA francs to help cover expenses for clothing, toiletries and other newborn needs. These programs reduce both physical and financial stress, helping mothers recover and return to work without added pressure.

Toward a Healthier and Stable Future

Gabon continues to make measurable progress in reducing poverty and strengthening public health systems. Government-backed programs provide medical care, maternity support and financial assistance to those who need it most. By prioritizing equitable access and addressing systemic barriers, these initiatives help protect the most vulnerable while building a more resilient population. As Gabon works to expand and improve these services, the country moves closer to achieving its goal of universal health care and long-term poverty reduction.

– Sevyn Whatley

Sevyn is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and focuses on Global Health and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

Rebuilding Khartoum

Rebuilding KhartoumKhartoum, the capital of Sudan, was once engulfed in civil war. After a hard-fought battle, the Sudanese Armed Forces reclaimed the city from the Rapid Support Forces on March 26. With the conflict subsiding, efforts are now turning toward rebuilding Khartoum and restoring hope for its future.

The Civil War

On April 15, 2023, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) launched an attack on the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) in Khartoum. The RSF maintained control of the city until March 2025, displacing more than 13 million people in the process. While the current conflict is devastating, it is not unprecedented—Sudan has a long and painful history of violence. The Second Sudanese Civil War, which began in 1983, resulted in the deaths of more than 2 million people. The Darfur conflict, which started in 2003, claimed 300,000 lives and displaced approximately 2.7 million.

The ongoing civil war has caused more than 61,000 direct deaths, but the true toll is far higher. More than 150,000 people have died due to war-related effects such as famine and disease. The RSF has been accused of committing acts that may amount to genocide, echoing the violence seen in Darfur during the early 2000s. Reports of ethnically targeted attacks and mass displacement have raised serious concerns among human rights groups and international observers. This humanitarian crisis underscores the urgent need for both national reconciliation and sustained international support.

Khartoum in Ruin

The effects of the war and genocide have been catastrophic. Rebuilding Khartoum will undoubtedly pose a significant challenge, with Sudanese authorities estimating the process will cost around $300 billion. Natural disasters have only worsened the crisis, as rains and flooding have displaced thousands and contributed to a resurgence of cholera. Amid ongoing conflict, the Sudanese government is unable to adequately support displaced or sick individuals. Even before the war, Sudan faced a humanitarian crisis, with 15.8 million people in need of assistance; today, that number has more than doubled.

The famine in Sudan is now the worst the country has experienced in decades, and one of the most severe globally, according to Science. More Sudanese people are suffering from extreme hunger than in any other country in the world combined, marking a staggering humanitarian crisis. While food insecurity was already a major concern before the current conflict, the war has intensified the situation dramatically. Continuous bombing, indiscriminate shelling and the looting of markets and supply chains have devastated both rural and urban food systems.

The conflict has disrupted agricultural activity on a massive scale, as farmers have to flee their land. As a result, the production of staple crops has plummeted. Sorghum and millet have declined by 42% and 64% since 2023. In many regions, food is either unavailable or unaffordable, pushing millions closer to starvation. The crisis has reached a tipping point, with aid agencies warning that immediate intervention is necessary to prevent further mass loss of life.

The Road to Recovery

The process of rebuilding Khartoum could take an extensive amount of time. Recovery efforts will involve clearing unexploded ordnance, reconstructing critical infrastructure and restoring essential services such as health care, water and electricity.

The International Rescue Committee (IRC) has emphasized the importance of placing civilian well-being at the center of all recovery and peacebuilding efforts. The organization advocates for a unified diplomatic approach to ensure coordinated and effective action. Recognizing the many challenges ahead, the IRC continues to push for policies that address both immediate humanitarian needs and long-term stability.

IRC has been providing aid to Sudan since 1981 through fundraising efforts and humanitarian initiatives. Its work spans several critical areas, including clean water programs, health services, and support for survivors of gender-based violence. Through these efforts, the IRC remains committed to improving the lives of Sudanese people amid the ongoing crisis.

Mercy Corps, another organization actively working to support Sudan, provides cash assistance to displaced individuals and those in urgent need. The organization has distributed financial aid to over 12,000 families, enabling them to purchase essential items such as food, water, and medicine. In addition to emergency relief, Mercy Corps supports long-term recovery by supplying seeds and farming tools to smallholder farmers; an especially vital effort, as the majority of Sudan’s population relies on agriculture for their livelihood. Like the IRC, Mercy Corps has been delivering critical aid in Sudan for more than two decades.

The Future

Rebuilding Khartoum marks the start of a long road to recovery. With widespread destruction, famine, and displacement, Sudan’s future depends on sustained humanitarian support, coordinated diplomacy, and a lasting commitment to peace.

– Abegail Buchan

Abegail is based in Johnstown, PA, USA and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

Community-Led Development in Tanzania: Transforming Lives

Community-Led Development in TanzaniaTanzania is a country with stunning landscapes and a rich cultural heritage. It has become an example of how community-driven development can successfully tackle poverty. Recent statistics show that approximately 26.4% of the population lives below the national poverty line. Rural communities are at risk because they have limited access to essential services like clean water and education. Some significant changes occurring on the ground involve community-led development in Tanzania, devising creative solutions to transform lives through local initiatives, improving life in rural areas and establishing sustainable methods to escape poverty.

VSLAs: Driving Internal Financial Growth

In rural Tanzania, formal banking services are restricted, leaving numerous communities distant from conventional financial institutions. Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) have effectively addressed this void, transforming economic inclusion, especially for women. The VSLA model is a simple yet highly effective approach. In this system, groups of 15 to 40 local community members, predominantly women, meet regularly to save small amounts of money, after which the total savings and any profits from loans are shared among the members.

The impact extends beyond individual success stories. VSLAs promote shared ownership, transparency, effective governance, inclusiveness and organized savings and lending. Members can lend money to other farmers. Borrowers must repay the loan within a set timeframe and contribute interest to the group’s savings. At the end of each cycle, members receive back their savings and a share of the interest earned on the loans.

In the latest savings round, 112 VSLA groups saved 80 million Tanzanian Shillings ($32,000) in just nine months. Members use these savings to invest in their futures, start businesses, repair homes, cover medical costs and pay for education. More importantly, the model builds financial literacy, entrepreneurial skills and social capital that sustain poverty reduction beyond any single loan or project.

Participatory Forest Management

Since 2001, the Nou Joint Forest Management Project (JFM) has been a conservation effort in Tanzania’s Manyara Region. Its goal is to safeguard the 320 sq km Nou Forest, which sustains 28 permanent rivers and impacts the livelihoods of more than 200,000 individuals. This initiative tackles forest degradation caused by shifting agriculture, population increases, illegal logging and unmanaged grazing. The approach utilizes Participatory Forest Management (PFM), fostering collaboration between government bodies and local communities to protect forest resources.

Tanzania’s Forests cover approximately 38.8 million hectares, supporting biodiversity while providing critical resources to rural communities. Historically, these forests faced degradation through unsustainable harvesting and agricultural expansion. PFM, an innovative, community-led development in Tanzania, transfers management rights and responsibilities to local communities.

The World Land Trust’s 2021 appeal to save Tanzania’s coastal forest is a notable conservation achievement. Within five weeks, the campaign garnered $541,760 from international donors, exceeding its initial goal of $487,584. Immediate action was needed to protect the coastal forests of Lindi District in southern Tanzania, which face urgent threats from expanding roadways and commercial cashew and sesame plantations.

The appeal’s success has enabled Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG) to launch immediate conservation action in partnership with local communities. The funding supports comprehensive protection efforts, including enhanced reserve patrolling, wildlife monitoring programs and vital research initiatives. Most importantly, the additional money raised allows TFCG to expand its conservation impact further, providing these fragile coastal ecosystems with the robust protection they need.

The Path Forward

The UNESCO-Alwaleed Philanthropies project embodies an innovative approach to community-led development in Tanzania. It recognizes that culture and the arts can be powerful tools for education and economic empowerment. The core concept involves integrating cultural heritage and artistic practices into Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET).

This approach ensures that students do not merely acquire skills; they gain abilities rooted in their cultural identity, which can aid in preserving traditional practices while fostering modern livelihoods. From 38 applications, UNESCO carefully selected projects demonstrating the most substantial potential to blend cultural preservation with practical skill development. Each selected initiative receives up to $10,000 as funding and as seed money to prove that culture-based vocational education can create sustainable business and employment opportunities.

This project is part of a broader effort to promote the economic and social value of cultural heritage and institutions in Tanzania. The initiatives foster collaboration on both local and national levels, aiming to empower youth, women and underprivileged groups while ensuring that Tanzania’s vibrant culture remains influential and thrives in today’s world.

– Vanuza Antonio

Vanuza is based in London, UK and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

,

Poverty and Unemployment in The Philippines

philippines unemploymentAccording to the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA), the current employment rate is around 96.1%. In contrast, the current unemployment rate stands at 3.8%. This looks good on the surface. However, employment gaps relating to poverty exist in the Philippines.

Within the Philippines, there are wage/salaried workers in private companies or the army. There are the self-employed/family businesses, retail stores or drivers with low-paid employees. Then there are farming towns and family members who technically do not have jobs but still receive allowances.

Workplace Quality

While hospitality and food service jobs are on an employment rise of 377,000, careers in administration and agriculture have largely decreased by almost a million. In STEM, they’ve had a shorter decrease of -68,000. These facts are distressing because they reflect the lack of skill or education that the people of the Philippines have access to or have completed, which directly reflects the unemployment and poverty in the Philippines.

The reasoning behind these statistics could be the unmanageable population rate, or it could be the lack of sufficient education. Asian Development Bank (ADB) lists that the major factors of poverty in this nation revolve around weak employment generation, increasing populations, recurring trauma of natural disasters, income inequalities, etc.

ADB research found that poverty is directly related to the accessibility of education. Families with many children tend to be the first affected by poverty and unemployment in the Philippines. It also found that the government still has a hand in the reason why chronic poverty levels have not improved, with little action on poverty reduction programs.

“Self-Rated” Poverty and The Employment Gap

In his recent article, entrepreneur and President of the National Economic Protectionism Association (NEPA) Brian James Lu explores the highest rates of what he calls “self-rated” poverty. Theoretically, the job market holds plenty of opportunities, but the people qualified for these roles are few. This is where the employment gap and issues of poverty intersect. Last December, SWS reported that 63% of Filipinos claimed themselves as unemployed.

“The characteristic of Philippine employment is that while more Filipinos are technically employed, many are underemployed, working jobs that offer meagre wages, lack security, or provide limited hours,” according to Lu.

There is an average of 20 typhoons annually, with limited financial success, especially with families who are involved in agriculture, and only 5% of lower-income households use health services. The findings break down the gap between primary and secondary education with a difference of 96% over 73%. In turn, Filipinos who live in poverty face discrimination when applying for jobs.

A New Future

A 2024 Labour Force survey found that almost 50 million people have a job in the Philippines, lowering unemployment rates by 13.9%. Jobs providing a stable life for most include jobs in services and agriculture. Their Department of Finance have taken measures by creating a program dubbed Growth-Enhancing Actions and Resolutions (GEARS) that has aided their economy and, in turn, has invested in more valuable employment options for all citizens.

Another recent initiative, the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises (CREATE) Act, has brought in further investments to the country. A notable mention includes President Bongbong Marco’s Build Better More program focusing on employment prosperity.

Active Solutions

Skill development programs like the Philippines Skill Framework (PSF) focuses on quality education and organizations such as The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) have provided training programs, especially in STEM/Medical careers and “Trabaho Para sa Bayan” (TPB) planning on the technology field have started to make a positive impact on the livelihood of many Filipino families. The need for “multi-skilled” individuals is a desired outcome for rising market demand.

– Melody Aminian

Melody is based in Irvine, CA, USA and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, , ,

Digital Poverty in the Least Developed Countries

Digital Poverty in the Least Developed CountriesMillions are being left behind in the digital age, as digital poverty in the least developed countries becomes ever more entrenched in global society. As the world sees its’ fourth industrial revolution, the United Nations’ list of the 46 Least Developed Countries (LDCs) is seeing a growing digital divide. Just under a fifth of the world’s population lives in the least developed countries, and yet almost 70% of the collective LDC population still does not have access to the internet.

Background

Digital poverty in the least developed countries could deepen global socio-economic inequalities and exclude those living in LDCs from fully participating in the global economy. Digital poverty is also holding the growth of business back; in Senegal, 80% of people cannot use the internet for work, and in Rwanda this jumps to 99%. Elsewhere, in the LDCs of Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda, only 10% of businesses have a computer.

As new technologies develop at an exponential rate in more developed countries, LDCs are left outpaced. For example, 5G mobile networks are becoming commonplace in more developed countries, whilst LDCs are still only able to work with 2G and 3G networks, according to the U.N. This digital gap reinforces disparities in education, employment, and economic growth. However, efforts are underway to understand the facts that contribute to digital poverty in least developed countries and to bridge the digital divide.

About Digital Poverty

Digital poverty refers to restricted or no access to digital resources such as the internet, computers and mobile phones. It also encompasses digital illiteracy, where individuals lack the skills or education necessary to utilize online tools effectively. Digital poverty exists on a spectrum—while some individuals may have limited access, others do not have access to technological advancements at all.

Globally, 3.7 billion people lack access to or do not use the internet, with sub-Saharan Africa particularly affected. Digital poverty disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including women, the elderly, and those with lower education levels.

Key contributing factors to digital poverty include:

  • High Costs: Internet services and devices remain unaffordable for many in LDCs.
  • Infrastructure Gaps: Unreliable electricity and insufficient ICT infrastructure hinder internet expansion.
  • Limited Education: Many individuals lack the skills to navigate digital technologies or do not recognize the benefits of being online, according to Telecommunications Policy.
  • Content Accessibility: Many LDCs lack sufficient digital content available in local languages.

The Impact

The impacts of digital poverty can limit other aspects of a person’s life, including their earning potential. More than 80% of jobs that are middle-skilled, and therefore higher earning, rely on individuals having skills in technology and access to digital platforms and technology, according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Lower-skilled jobs, which do not have these requirements, tend to be lower paid. This results in a cycle of individuals in digital poverty taking on lower-income jobs, which further limits possible education, meaning that people cannot gain the digital skills they need to secure the higher-earning, digitally focused jobs.

In LDCs, this cycle could limit a nation’s economic progress, both in terms of its citizens’ economic opportunities and mobility, and in limiting an LDCs ability to partake as effectively in online trade, both nationally and globally.

Digital Poverty: Solutions

Amazon’s Project Kuiper is a low-cost satellite internet initiative that provides broadband access to underserved regions. Whilst precise costs are still not public, the project promises that its 3,232 satellite constellation will provide speeds comparable to 4G internet, addressing infrastructure limitations faced by LDCs.)

The UNDP commenced its Doha Program of Action (DPoA) in 2022, set to run through to 2031. The DPoA is a framework strategy which aims to accelerate digital accessibility in LDCs through five key steps, including early engagements with governments, tailoring digital solutions that “work for everyone,” creating result-driven roadmaps, improving technical capacities and sharing skills and expertise through archives and assemblies.

Whilst the DPoA is still in its’ formative years, initiatives like this, which focus on policy development, equitable digital solutions, and infrastructure expansion, in collaboration with governments, NGOs, academia, and private companies, have previously been successful.

Digital Literacy Workshops

In Bangladesh, the UNDP facilitated digital literacy workshops for female entrepreneurs, boosting their ability to generate income. Similarly, in Nepal, the UNDP collaborated with a local bank firm to equip women from rural areas with the knowledge of how to partake in online transactions.

UNDP reports on its website that an initiative in Afghanistan improved and expanded a digital payment system, which resulted in a growth in financial inclusion and the synchronization of financial services. These success stories demonstrate how global collaboration can boost access to the digital age and enhance local economies.

The Future

Bridging the digital divide extends beyond simple internet access—it directly impacts global poverty reduction. Improved internet access enables entrepreneurship and job creation while allowing individuals to access essential financial services. More than 25% of the global population lacks access to banking, restricting economic mobility, but with the right initiatives, this can change.

Expanding digital access could improve economies by enhancing trade, education and health care. Closing the digital divide could foster international economic growth, benefiting both developing and developed nations.

Closing the digital divide is not a challenge that any single country can solve alone—it requires global collaboration and, when used the right way, technology can even be a part of the solution. While recent technological initiatives provide hope, sustained investment in digital infrastructure, policy reform, and education will be necessary to ensure long-term success.

– Amber Lennox

Amber is based in Suffolk, UK and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

Gelephu Mindfulness City: Bhutan’s Model for Poverty Reduction

Gelephu Mindfulness CityIn 2025, Bhutan launched the Gelephu Mindfulness City, a $100 billion development project to bolster economic prosperity by focusing on spiritual well-being. The project’s primary goal is to reduce poverty and youth unemployment by building an international economic hub based on the principles of Bhutan’s unique philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH).

Renowned Danish sustainable architect Bjarke Ingels will design Gelephu Mindfulness City, which will span more than 2,000 square kilometers near Bhutan’s southern border with India. The project aims to transform the underdeveloped Gelephu region into a thriving center of sustainable commerce, cultural exchange and holistic living.

A Philosophy of Happiness Over Pure Growth

The project’s foundation lies in Bhutan’s GNH framework, which prioritizes psychological well-being, cultural preservation and environmental sustainability alongside traditional economic development. Rather than focusing solely on financial metrics like GDP, Bhutan uses GNH to measure societal success and quality of life.

“Happiness and well-being of people must be the purpose of capitalism,” said Bhutan Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay in conversation with TIME Magazine. “We are talking about creating a new paradigm, an entirely new system of urban development.” Gelephu Mindfulness City plans to advance all four pillars of GNH: sustainable development, environmental conservation, cultural preservation and good governance.

The project will employ green infrastructure, Buddhist architectural motifs, wellness centers and organic agriculture in all construction and community planning. This is part of a broader strategy to boost quality of life and address the root causes of poverty.

Job Creation Through Holistic Infrastructure

More young people are entering the workforce in Bhutan than the economy can absorb. Gelephu Mindfulness City aims to address this problem by creating thousands of jobs across construction, education, hospitality, agriculture and the wellness sector. The city will include schools and universities focused on sustainability, health and traditional knowledge. The plan aims to create short-term employment and long-term professional pathways for Bhutanese citizens.

The project also hopes to attract foreign direct investment through its designation as a Special Administrative Region. This status allows Gelephu to adopt more flexible policies and business regulations than the rest of Bhutan, to encourage ethical investment aligned with Bhutan’s values. The region will screen potential businesses and investors based on their respect for Bhutanese culture and commitment to sustainable and equitable development before extending an invitation to do business in the city.

Sustainability as an Economic Engine

Gelephu Mindfulness City plans to become a global blueprint for mindful urbanism, leveraging ecological integrity to increase economic inclusion. The city will feature renewable energy sources, pedestrian-first planning and strict limits on pollution. Organic markets and traditional healing centers will support local farmers and artisans, further stimulating small business development. These plans aim to attract climate-conscious businesses and tourists while preserving Bhutan’s pristine environment.

The emphasis on sustainability is particularly well-suited for the Gelephu region, a large flatland situated among the Himalayan foothills. Bhutan’s famously rugged terrain and limited industrial capacity render sustainable development the most viable long-term growth strategy. Sustainable transportation also plays a central role in the plans, with neighboring India committed to connecting border towns to the region via railway and improving roads in and out of Bhutan.

A Strong Likelihood of Success

Bhutan’s credibility in launching the Mindfulness City stems from its long-standing success in aligning development with environmental goals and overall well-being. The country is one of the few in the world that is carbon negative. Thanks to its vast forest cover, reliance on hydropower and constitutional mandate to maintain at least 60% forestation.

Past infrastructure projects have effectively incorporated eco-friendliness and community well-being principles, such as green schools and health initiatives emphasizing holistic care. These past successful initiatives demonstrate Bhutan’s capacity to balance modern development with its commitment to Gross National Happiness and provide a strong foundation for the ambitious goals set forth for Gelephu Mindfulness City.

A Blueprint for the Global South

Gelephu Mindfulness City provides a bold example of how low- and middle-income countries might reimagine development. Rather than regarding happiness and prosperity as unrelated metrics, Gelephu Mindfulness City treats them as inextricably intertwined. By reimagining capitalism and aligning economic goals with human well-being, Bhutan proposes a revolutionary mindset shift that could improve the lives of the 99% around the globe.

If successful, this model could inspire similar initiatives across the Global South, particularly in regions where conventional economic growth has failed to address deep-rooted inequalities. As Bhutan pushes forward with this ambitious project, it offers a fresh perspective on the fight against poverty: one that values sustainability, community and joy as invaluable elements of prosperity.

– Kelsey Eisen

Kelsey is based in San Francisco, CA, USA and focuses on Business and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

Higher Education in Trinidad and Tobago

Higher Education in Trinidad and TobagoHigher education in Trinidad and Tobago stands at a critical crossroads, balancing its legacy of expanded access with the urgent need for reform. The role of universities and tertiary institutions has never been more pivotal in shaping the country’s future.

Overview of the Higher Education System

These institutions offer various programs in engineering, law, education, medicine and business, from associate degrees to doctoral studies. Many universities have also developed research initiatives to address local and regional challenges, including climate emergency, public health and economic diversification. Despite these positive developments, Trinidad and Tobago’s higher education sector struggles with issues related to outdated curricula and insufficient alignment with the evolving needs of industries.

For instance, while there has been a rise in demand for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)-related qualifications, other fields, such as the humanities, may not be adequately supported or emphasized in the curriculum. The government has historically supported access through initiatives like the Government Assistance for Tuition Expenses (GATE) program, which subsidizes tuition costs for citizens. This has led to higher enrollment rates and increased access, especially among underrepresented groups. However, there are still significant gaps in ensuring equitable access to all.

Current Challenges Facing the Sector

One of the most pressing issues facing higher education in Trinidad and Tobago is funding. In recent years, government budget hampering has led to reductions in the GATE program. This cornerstone policy once made higher education widely accessible to citizens. These cutbacks have particularly affected lower-income students, creating new barriers to entry and forcing many to either delay their education or seek other options.

This situation threatens to widen social inequality and reduce the country’s ability to develop a skilled and educated workforce. Additionally, institutions face increasing pressure to maintain high-quality education amid limited financial resources.

Future Directions for Strengthening Higher Education

The future of higher education in Trinidad and Tobago will depend on its ability to adapt to changing economic, technological and social conditions. Various experts suggest that ongoing reforms are essential to addressing current challenges, such as funding constraints, curriculum updates and the need for increased alignment between education and the labor market.

Several key strategies have been proposed for strengthening the sector. These include updating academic programs to incorporate more technical, vocational and entrepreneurial training to meet the demands of emerging industries. Moreover, experts highlight the importance of providing more targeted financial aid to ensure equitable access, especially for students from lower-income backgrounds.

Final Remarks

Higher education in Trinidad and Tobago remains a powerful tool for national progress. Yet, it has to evolve to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing world. While past efforts such as the GATE program have broadened access and improved enrollment, economic pressures, quality concerns and graduate employability issues now demand a strategic, forward-looking response.

– Glenn Brown III

Glenn is based in Smyrna, GA, USA and focuses on Business and Technology for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

,

Social Safety Net Programs Are Fighting Poverty in Bangladesh

Fighting Poverty in BangladeshMillions of Bangladeshi citizens live in abject poverty. As of 2022, the overall poverty rate was approximately 19%. However, the country has made significant improvements in decreasing poverty over the past few decades, mainly due to the country’s Social Safety Net Programs (SSNPs).

The nation has implemented these initiatives to help low-income Bangladeshis and give vulnerable communities long-term economic stability. With programs that provide food assistance, cash transfers and skills development, Bangladesh’s SSNPs aim to create a pathway for success for many struggling citizens.

The Vulnerable Group Development Program

One of the most impactful initiatives, the Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) program, primarily helps women suffering extreme food insecurity. Due to gender disparities in the country, women often suffer the most when it comes to poverty and hunger. Originally started as the Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF) program in 1975, it changed to the VGD in 1982, shifting priorities from emergency relief to long-term development. The program distributes nutritious food over a specific period.

However, the program goes beyond that. Through a partnership with BRAC, Bangladesh’s largest nongovernmental organization (NGO), it educates individuals in basic reading, writing and nutrition skills, giving people the tools to lead a healthier and more successful life. By providing both food and education, the program helps vulnerable women break the vicious cycle of poverty as opposed to short-term help.

The Old Age Allowance Program

As the country is experiencing an aging population, the government has acted on the need to protect older citizens, with many lacking retirement savings. Before the program started in 1998, only retired government workers had pensions. The Old Age Allowance provides essential monthly cash transfers of BDT 500 (about $4) to older people.

The program helps nearly four million elderly citizens afford basic human necessities such as food, medicine and shelter, improving their quality of life and fighting poverty in Bangladesh. The program’s financial assistance also eases the burden on young family members who might be struggling financially to support them.

Income Generating for Vulnerable Group Development

The Income Generating for Vulnerable Group Development (IGVGD) program is another initiative that builds on the VGD program. The government designed IGVGD as a two-step poverty-reduction model. It helps low-income women develop from needing food aid through the VGD program to becoming self-sufficient workers earning a stable income.

Women in the program learn essential job skills, such as poultry farming and tailoring, which are crucial for future success. They may also receive small loans or grants to help them start their own businesses. Encouraging self-reliance and assisting women to secure employment empowers them to impact society and contribute to a growing economy. Over time, these efforts give women more control over their lives and strengthen the economy of local communities.

The Impact of the Social Safety Initiatives

These social safety initiatives have proven successful in fighting poverty in Bangladesh. There has been a major national decline in poverty rates in the past two decades. Poverty fell significantly between 2010 and 2016; in urban areas, it declined from 21.3% to 18.9%, while in rural areas it declined from 35.2% to 26.4%. Additionally, helping women develop vocational skills shows the program’s commitment to women’s empowerment in a country that historically offered them limited opportunities.

Recently, the government has decided to expand its social safety initiatives. It is working toward using technology to improve targeting mechanisms. Many international development organizations, such as the World Bank and the United Nations (U.N.), have also supported Bangladesh’s effort to improve the country’s SSNPs.

Final Remarks

Overall, Bangladesh’s Social Safety Net Programs show how time and investment in often overlooked groups of people can have a tremendous impact in reducing long-term poverty. It shows the effectiveness of targeted intervention in reducing poverty and creating long-term economic stability. By supporting at-risk groups, such as women and older people, with food assistance, cash transfers and vocational training skills development, the programs address major societal problems while creating a path for long-term success.

– Rafe Photopoulos

Rafe is based in Gainesville, FL, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pixabay

, ,

How AI Upskilling Is Creating Jobs in Africa: The Case of Zindi

ZindiAccording to a report by Deloitte, African rural regions are currently experiencing a lack of digitalization essential for potential economic growth. Many African rural communities struggle with limited access to critical internet infrastructure, which is necessary for sustaining small businesses and education.

However, promising AI startups are rising to address these challenges through innovative solutions. Among them, Zindi stands out with its modern approach and rapid growth by upskilling the AI jobs market in Africa.

Digitalization in Sub-Saharan Africa

According to the World Bank, sub-Saharan Africa faces significant challenges for development due to the lack of affordable digital infrastructure. Additionally, low engagement with community-owned digital access and difficulty using digital platforms hinder progress. This lack of access to digital technologies impacts not only educational and business systems but also prospects for job creation, employment and career growth for local populations.

As digitalization challenges persist, the world’s largest companies are investing heavily in solutions. Over the past 10 years, the World Bank has contributed approximately $731.8 million to 11 Digital Development Projects. It has also committed $2.8 billion across 24 active Digital Development projects in sub-Saharan Africa.

However, large corporations aren’t the only ones tackling Africa’s digital growth challenges. Startups like Zindi are taking a broader approach by focusing on both digital solutions and their impact on education and the economy. They offer rural communities accessible internet and AI innovations. They also drive employment through youth training, AI career development and digital upskilling initiatives, laying the foundation for long-term prosperity.

About Zindi

Zindi, one of Africa’s most impactful AI startups, began its mission to tackle the region’s digital challenges in 2018. Driven by the belief that data can tell stories, drive innovation and improve lives, Celina Lee founded Zindi (a platform where 70,000 data scientists develop AI-driven solutions to pressing challenges) in Cape Town, South Africa. Zindi is committed to bridging gaps in tech access, skills and employment across rural and urban communities.

Zindi Impacts

  • Data Farming. One of Zindi’s key initiatives is data farming, which applies AI and machine learning to agricultural challenges in rural Africa. Zindi deepens the use of data science to tackle agricultural challenges, particularly in precision agriculture, including crop yield prediction, pest detection and fertilizer optimization. This focus is critical, as agriculture remains a vital economic pillar for most rural communities across Africa. Additionally, Zindi enhances accessibility for local farmers and business owners through low-tech solutions, such as basic mobile apps, enabling seamless communication with workers whenever needed.
  • Health Care Systems. Zindi has also made a notable impact on health care systems. Using AI, the company tackles major health challenges like malaria and COVID-19. In 2024, Zindi hosted competitions to model malaria spread in Southern Africa, enabling data-driven resource allocation. That same year, it supported telemedicine by partnering with organizations like FruitPunch AI to develop SMS-based algorithms that connect rural patients to doctors, especially in areas with limited health care access.

Final Remarks

As Zindi AI expands across Africa, it prioritizes local talent through its employment and training initiatives. By offering free AI upskilling programs, such as hackathons, it provides underrepresented individuals with affordable, practical learning to solve local challenges and gain hands-on experience.

Despite its niche approach to digital solutions, Zindi’s focus on employment and rural digitalization centers on people and their stories. It empowers not only the technical side of digital transformation but also supports the individuals behind it.

– Liubov Linnyk

Liubov is based in the United Kingdom and focuses on Business and Technology for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr