In a world marked by record levels of displacement, refugee education has emerged not only as a moral imperative but as a cornerstone of sustainable development and global stability. More than 114 million people have been forcibly displaced worldwide, including 14.8 million school-aged refugees, half of whom are out of school. The question is no longer whether to educate these children, but how and with what resources. While primary education often garners the spotlight in humanitarian efforts, post-primary education unlocks leadership potential, vocational skills and long-term empowerment. Yet access to secondary and tertiary education remains tragically limited for refugees.
According to the UNHCR 2024 Education Report, just 42% of refugee children make it to secondary school, compared to a global average of 77%. This number decreases even more dramatically in tertiary education, falling to 7% compared with a 42% global average. This disparity reflects a broader failure to provide refugee youth with the tools to rebuild their lives and contribute meaningfully to society. However, it also presents a transformative opportunity: to reposition refugee education as a catalyst, not a cost, for development.
Secondary Education: A Critical Gap
Primary school enrollment for refugees has made modest gains in recent years. About 65% of refugee children attend primary school, according to the UNHCR’s 2024 Education Report. However, the transition to secondary school remains a significant challenge. Several key barriers block access:
- Financial constraints, including tuition and ancillary costs.
- Legal and documentation issues.
- Language and curriculum barriers.
- Gender-based obstacles, such as early marriage or caregiving roles.
- Discrimination within host communities.
Financial challenges are particularly stark. Educating a refugee secondary student costs about 30% more than educating a national student. In low-income countries, the annual cost for a national student averages $181, compared to $244 for a refugee. Despite the higher costs, international funding models rarely account for this disparity. Refugee education remains tied to short-term humanitarian frameworks, often leaving adolescents stranded between basic literacy and real opportunity.
Higher Education: Breaking New Ground
If secondary education is the missing middle, higher education is the next frontier for refugee inclusion. In a webinar hosted by the University of Winchester, Daniel Mutanda, an academic and advocate for sanctuary initiatives, emphasized that access to higher education often depends on circumstances beyond refugees’ control. “in many places, too many places, restrictive regulations and limited resources prevent individuals from pursuing their educational aspirations, making access to higher education a matter of geographic luck rather than a guaranteed right,” Mutanda said.
Barriers include being categorized as international students, which makes tuition unaffordable and excludes them from public financial aid. Legal status also determines access to education and future stability.
Mutanda introduced the concept of the “higher education border,” a powerful framework that highlights how multiple layers of exclusion operate: from lack of recognized qualifications and language proficiency to bureaucratic barriers and systemic discrimination.
“for those seeking sanctuary, what would be a or what could be a smooth transition in their journey is riddled with complex barriers. So often, the experience people have is hope and ambition quickly turning into feelings of helplessness and despair,” he said, describing the experience of refugee youth denied access. “So common advice that we’ve heard, I’ve heard is just to wait until your immigration status changes, which effectively puts people’s lives on hold.”
Refugee-led advocacy movements are now shaping the future of higher education. Former Sanctuary Scholars are leading initiatives like the Universities of Sanctuary network and organizations such as the Tertiary Refugee Student Network, pushing for systemic reform on local, national and global stages. Their leadership aims to meet a bold target: achieving 15% enrollment of refugee youth in higher education by 2030.
Case Study: UNICEF’s Let Us Learn
Programs like UNICEF’s Let Us Learn offer successful models for scaling refugee education. Operating in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Liberia, Madagascar and Nepal, the program addresses barriers across early childhood, primary, secondary and vocational education. Accelerated education programs in Bangladesh achieved gains of up to 59 percentage points in core subject tests. In Nepal, more than 89% of girls enrolled in accelerated programs transitioned into formal secondary schools. The program emphasizes access, quality and retention, integrating community engagement, vocational skills training and flexible schooling models to support marginalized adolescents, particularly girls.
Toward a New Paradigm
To unlock the potential of refugees, the current education model must evolve. Key changes include:
- Shift from short-term humanitarian funding to long-term development investment
- Expand support beyond primary education, addressing secondary and tertiary levels
- Institutionalize access rights, not just scholarships, for refugees
- Center refugee voices in designing and evaluating education programs
- Tailor solutions to national and community contexts
Moving Forward
Expanding access to education for displaced youth contributes to long-term resilience, workforce development and social inclusion. Supporting educational pathways, especially beyond the primary level, could enable individuals to participate meaningfully in rebuilding their communities and economies. As Daniel Mutanda said, “[Higher education] really provides an opportunity for them to flourish, whatever discipline they pursue, whatever sort of choice they make in terms of the subject area, it really gives them an opportunity to flourish.”
– Linnéa Matlack
Linnéa is based in Boston, MA, USA and focuses on Good News and Technology for The Borgen Project.
Photo: Flickr
5 Countries Leading the Fight Against Poverty – And Winning
China
China has recently made significant investments in rural infrastructure to connect remote populations to economic opportunities, with the ultimate goal of reducing poverty. Between 2006 and 2015, the country, with the support of the World Bank, rehabilitated approximately 1,299 roads. These projects have directly benefited more than 1.3 million people by improving their connectivity and access to essential services. These infrastructure improvements not only enhance access to these essential services but also facilitate economic growth by linking rural areas to larger markets, enabling local businesses to thrive.
Beyond road rehabilitation, China has implemented several other initiatives to enhance rural infrastructure and lead the fight against poverty. For instance, investments in irrigation and drainage facilities have directly improved agricultural production conditions. This is enabling farmers to adjust crop structures, develop large-scale breeding programs and engage in processing and non-agricultural industries, thereby reducing poverty.
Bangladesh
Bangladesh has made significant strides in education and workforce development, increasing literacy rates and creating new job opportunities. The country, still one of the neediest in the world, has been making notable progress through two key areas: education and workforce development. In terms of education, Bangladesh has seen significant improvements in its literacy rate. In 2021, the country’s literacy rate reached 76.36% (15 years old and above), reflecting a 1.45% increase from 2020. This improvement demonstrates the nation’s ongoing efforts to boost educational access and quality.
In addition to its focus on education, Bangladesh has prioritized job creation, with significant growth in the tourism sector. As the industry expands, it is driving the creation of jobs across various fields, “including hospitality, transportation, food services, handicrafts and retail.” This tourism growth is contributing to both economic development and job opportunities, particularly in rural and underserved areas.
Ethiopia
Ethiopia has been focusing on agricultural development, exemplified by the Agricultural Growth Program. This program has enabled more than 700,000 farmers to benefit from the initiative, leading to a 25% revenue increase. Farmers’ productivity has risen by approximately 10%, contributing to poverty reduction and economic stability in these remote communities.
Furthermore, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) collaborates with the Ethiopian government to enhance the population’s living conditions, focusing on agricultural productivity, food security and rural development. IFAD supports smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists with loans, helping them purchase the necessary equipment to enhance their productivity and escape the cycle of poverty.
Vietnam
Vietnam’s economic reforms and trade liberalization have created millions of jobs and boosted growth. The country was once among the most impoverished in the world. However, its government has achieved remarkable economic growth relatively quickly. Thanks to the Doi Moi campaign, which focused primarily on agricultural reforms, land was redistributed among small farmers, significantly boosting farm productivity and improving food security. This transformation helped lift millions out of poverty and laid the foundation for broader economic development.
However, the reforms extended beyond agriculture. The government implemented measures to reduce the budget deficit, stabilize the economy and attract foreign investment. A key objective was to integrate Vietnam into the global economy by promoting trade liberalization and joining international organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). These efforts led to a surge in exports, the expansion of the manufacturing sector and the creation of millions of jobs, positioning Vietnam as one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.
Rwanda
Rwanda has made significant progress toward achieving universal health care, ensuring that even its most vulnerable citizens can access essential medical services. Since the 1994 genocide, the country has significantly improved health care access, a fact that was evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when 82% of the population received at least one dose of the vaccine within two years.
Moreover, Rwanda has prioritized the expansion of health care infrastructure to improve accessibility. Since August 2021, the Ministry of Health has established 1,179 health posts nationwide, particularly in underserved communities.
In conclusion, these countries demonstrate that targeted investments in infrastructure, education, agriculture, health care and economic reform can drive significant progress in the fight against poverty. Their diverse strategies offer valuable lessons for other developing nations striving to build more inclusive and resilient economies.
– Eléonore Bonnaterre
Photo: Pexels
Securing IMF Loan to Reduce Poverty in Lebanon
Most Lebanese hospitals operate at less than 50% capacity due to limited resources. Similarly, 55% of families do not have health insurance and 52% cannot obtain essential medications. Additionally, 1.65 million people in Lebanon face severe food insecurity, which was exacerbated by the 33% decrease in agricultural output in 2020 and Lebanon’s conflict with Israel. With the election of a new president after a two-year impasse, the country’s current challenge is to secure funding for reconstruction, development and to reduce poverty in Lebanon.
IMF and Reforms
In early 2025, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) expressed willingness to provide financial support to Lebanon after the new government requested IMF loans. However, any potential loan program will not be offered until reforms occur. In 2022, the IMF created a loan package worth $3 billion for Lebanon contingent on economic reforms. However, Lebanon never received the funding because the government could not successfully implement the reforms. The challenge for Lebanon now is to successfully administer the required reforms so that the IMF will not refuse the much-needed funding again.
Lebanon has to implement a series of critical reforms to secure an IMF loan program by the end of spring. These include restructuring the financial sector, ensuring fiscal and debt sustainability, improving governance and transparency, reforming state-owned enterprises and enhancing the quality and availability of economic data.
Improving governance and transparency and reforming state-owned enterprises are among the most important reforms that Lebanon can make. The Lebanese state has increasingly ceded control to private actors, leading to a political economy shaped by privatization and minimal state intervention — trends that have significantly impacted the cement and public procurement sectors. These sectors lack oversight, regulation enforcement and national policy agendas, leading to corruption and opaque management of reconstruction funds. This creates delays, cement shortages, substandard work, low competition and exorbitant material prices.
Lessons for Lebanon
Saudi Arabia took on the challenge of improving regulations in its financial sector in 2023. The country strengthened the “legal and regulatory frameworks” for banks. It utilized the IMF’s resources to enhance its stress testing capabilities for banks. Saudi Arabia’s financial sector reforms can promote economic stability by decreasing the risk of banking financial crises — events that can severely increase poverty and income inequality.
Similarly, in 2022, Morocco undertook the challenge of reforming state-owned enterprises, improving the investment climate and fostering a more competitive business environment. The country established a new investment fund and introduced a modernized investment framework. Morocco can improve accountability, fiscal health, transparency and governance with these reforms. Furthermore, Morocco is working towards poverty reduction by prompting private sector growth, job-rich development and improving conditions for consumers and businesses.
Final Remarks
As Lebanon continues to struggle with a lack of accountability, transparency and limited competition, urgent action has to be taken by the newly formed government to implement reforms, for IMF loans are to be secured.
While Lebanon’s challenges are monumental, success stories such as Saudi Arabia’s financial sector reforms and Morocco’s efforts to strengthen competition offer valuable lessons.
These examples show that economic stability, growth and poverty reduction are within reach with the right reforms. Lebanon can secure the IMF loan needed to initiate reconstruction and reduce poverty by prioritizing these reforms and genuinely committing to the people.
– Haley Parilla
Photo: Pixabay
The SEI’s Women in Solar Power Program
Through hands-on education, mentorship and job placement assistance, this initiative empowers women to achieve financial independence while expanding access to clean energy in underserved communities. By breaking down barriers in a traditionally male-dominated field, the program proves that renewable energy can be a powerful tool for poverty reduction and gender equality.
Gender Gaps in Energy and Employment
Women hold 40% of full-time jobs in the solar workforce, while men hold the other 60%. In comparison, that is still higher than 21% of women in wind energy and 22% in oil and gas, highlighting women at a disparity in the solar energy industry.
Getting training, either before or on the job, is often harder. Access to social networks is essential in high-tech industries, yet women have historically been excluded from these networks. A lack of independence is a key reason many women remain in poverty.
In countries like India, Uruguay and Brazil, where solar industries are rapidly growing, providing women with job opportunities is the first step toward empowerment.
The Women in Solar Power Program
SEI is a nonprofit organization founded in 1991 to eliminate barriers to training for people interested in working in solar energy. It offers various resources, such as hands-on training with instructors, online courses to prepare for a new job or even custom programs in solar education. The organization has trained more than 100,000 solar professionals since its founding. Additionally, 10% of the global solar workforce has worked with the foundation in a capacity.
The SEI’s Women in Solar Power Program is designed to empower women by providing technical training in solar energy. Offering women real field-specific experience, it holds specialized workshops like the “Women’s Solar Electric Lab Week (Grid-Direct).” SEI also provides scholarships like the “SOLV Energy scholarship,” helping women access solar education.
Impact on Women’s Economic Empowerment
The program has connected more than 450 women worldwide in the last two years with solar energy training and resources, giving them usable long-term career skills. Similarly, SEI has granted 132 scholarships since 2022, which have broken barriers to entry into the solar workforce and helped women keep their jobs for a long time.
Not only do participants in the program gain tangible skills, but they gain the confidence to enter the workforce as equals to men. Women gain the ability to become role models in their community, gaining long-term financial stability through one of the world’s fastest-growing industries.
Broader Clean Energy Access
The Women in Solar Power Program demonstrates that investing in women’s technical training is a powerful way to fight poverty and expand access to clean energy. By equipping women with the tools to thrive in the renewable energy sector, the program empowers individuals and strengthens entire communities. As the world transitions to more sustainable solutions, ensuring women are part of the movement is essential – not just for gender equality but for building a more resilient and inclusive future.
– Divya Beeram
Photo: Flickr
Innovative Waste Management in Rwanda
Transforming Waste into Opportunity
In 2021, Rwanda, in its work alongside the Private Sector Federation, set up a fund for plastic waste management. This initiative has led to the collection of nearly 1,500 tons of plastic waste from around 24 drop-off points. If that waste was not collected, it would have ended up in the landfills. The programme has, furthermore, created some 1,300 green jobs, showing the potential for environmental initiatives to drive economic growth, as well as employment.
Rwanda’s commitment to addressing plastic pollution extends beyond its borders. In 2024, Rwanda and Peru submitted a proposal at the U.N. talks in Ottawa to reduce global plastic production by 40% by 2040. This ambitious target aims to protect human health and the environment by limiting the production of primary plastic polymers.
Gikondo Recycling Centre
The Gikondo wetland in Kigali, once with heavy pollution by plastic waste, is undergoing transformation into a recreational area like the Nyandungu Eco-tourism Park. The government has actively engaged youth in removing some plastic waste from the wetland. That action turns an environmental challenge into an opportunity for community involvement as well as job creation.
Additionally, the Nduba landfill in Kigali features pilot facilities for municipal waste valorisation, a Waste Sorting and Separation Facility and a Bio-Waste Treatment Facility. These facilities can handle about 100 tons of waste per day in addition to converting organic waste into valuable fertilisers, respectively. The project could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 15,320 tCO₂ annually, and a further 74 new green jobs should be created.
The Youth-Led Eco-Entrepreneurship
Rwanda’s focus on youth empowerment is obvious in programs like the Youth Ecobrigade, implemented in partnership with UNDP and KOICA, together with other stakeholders. This initiative has provided training for 4,900 young people from rural communities. Furthermore, this initiative created 3,520 new jobs. Youth cooperatives that were formed under the program have managed to save nearly 11 million Rwandan francs, which promotes savings and entrepreneurship.
Launched in 2023, the Aguka program aims to support youth-led businesses further. This four-year initiative aims to impact around 6,600 youth-led businesses via the provision of thorough support. Such support includes access to finance, advanced business development training, mentorship, and market linkages. The program should create more than 100,000 jobs, greatly helping Rwanda’s socioeconomic change.
E-Waste Management in Rwanda
Recognizing the growing challenge of electronic waste, the country has partnered with Enviroserve Rwanda Green Park to establish a state-of-the-art e-waste dismantling and recycling facility. This facility has trained up to 70 young Rwandans in the repair, maintenance, and also recycling of electronic equipment. This training program furnished them with valuable skills for the job market.
Furthermore, the initiative has created green jobs for 413 people, with the number expected to rise as the facility and nationwide collection points become fully operational. This approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also provides sustainable employment opportunities for the youth.
A Blueprint for Sustainable Development
These revolutionary waste management initiatives in Rwanda exemplify how environmental sustainability and economic development can go hand in hand. Rwanda is setting a precedent for other nations to emulate by engaging youth as well as transforming waste into resources. This is in addition to encouraging a circular economy. These programs do address the pressing environmental challenges and also create meaningful employment opportunities, especially for young people, paving the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future.
– Zainab Saad Hassan
Photo: Flickr
5 Initiatives Fighting Poverty in Uzbekistan
1. Tailored Social Support: “Assistant to the Hokim”
The main strategy to tackle poverty in Uzbekistan is the “Assistant to the Hokim” initiative. Trained representatives are put in every neighborhood to identify and support families that are struggling. Launched in 2021, these assistants are empowered to assess needs, connect people with government services and propose customized solutions. The organization does not just hand out aid, it also finds the causes of poverty for each family and works to support them.
So far, the program has improved 35 million people’s income level. For families lacking work, assistants can arrange job interviews or training. The program also provides support to those who do not have housing by helping them secure land or subsidies. The program works locally so every community can receive help.
2. Giving Rural Families a Stake
Uzbekistan’s government has launched an initiative to distribute unused land that the state owns to low-income families for agricultural purposes. The initiative recognizes that land is one of the most valuable assets in rural economies. Since 2020, the government has allocated more than 260,000 hectares of land to 800,000 residents, providing them with opportunities to engage in farming and generate income. It is a long-term investment in rural prosperity that breaks the cycle of seasonal or subsistence living. Farmers can take out loans to improve their production or upgrade equipment.
3. Women at the Centre
There have been efforts to tackle gender inequality. Women have had limited access to education and jobs, especially in rural areas. The government has created microfinance programs and vocational training tailored specifically for women to help address these issues. As of early 2023, women managed more than 39,000 small enterprises and micro-firms. These women-led businesses have shown remarkable growth, with a net income increase of nearly 9.2 trillion soums (more than $757 million) compared to the previous year. These programs provide women with the resources to support the growth of their businesses and contribute to the goal of tackling poverty.
4. Investing in Digital Skills for the Next Generation
Youth unemployment is a significant issue when it comes to poverty in central Asia. Therefore, the Uzbekistan government implemented the “Digital Uzbekistan 2030” strategy to promote digital literacy. The strategy has resulted in the training of thousands of young people who have been part of programs that develop skills in coding, graphic design and e-commerce. The programs are set up in rural areas where there has been an increase in internet access. The strategy aims not just to educate, but also to connect a generation to the global digital economy, setting young people up in careers that are of high value to the economy and supporting families in poverty.
5. Tax Breaks for Companies Hiring the Marginalized
Uzbekistan introduced tax incentives in 2023 for companies that hire people from low-income or vulnerable backgrounds. The incentives include underrepresented groups such as those who have been unemployed for a long time and the disabled.
Under the scheme, businesses can deduct a portion of their payroll taxes for every eligible worker they employ. These are not just temporary placements; most incentives apply only after employees complete a minimum tenure, encouraging companies to retain and develop talent over time.
Looking Ahead
In 2024, household income saw significant growth, with real income per capita increasing by 10.7%, reaching an average of 2.1 million UZS per month. The initiatives that the Uzbek government has led have proven successful in tackling poverty in Uzbekistan and will continue to support families across the country.
– James Harwood
Photo: Pixabay
Youth Empowerment Initiatives in Rwanda
Never Again Rwanda
Never Again Rwanda (NAR) is a grassroots organization “dedicated to peacebuilding and social justice.” Its primary strategy is engaging young people, encouraging them to become agents for peace and valuable community members. NAR has employed several tactics to empower Rwandan youth.
One of these is confidence-building sessions, allowing young people to express their feelings and foster critical thinking skills. This has resulted in several participants running for leadership positions in their respective communities, advocating for social change and making a significant difference in post-genocide Rwanda.
NAR has also financially supported five youth-led organizations dedicated to peacebuilding and socioeconomic resilience. These youth-led initiatives attracted more than 3,000 people and they used creative approaches (poems, art, songs and more) to advocate for political reform.
Finally, NAR has worked to “bridge the gap between youth and social leaders,” through roundtable discussions where young people highlight relevant challenges and work with local government officials to foster solutions. Such transparency and connectedness between the state and the citizens are incredibly rare, proving how motivated youth are to work to make a change in Rwanda.
Youth Connekt Rwanda
The National Strategy for Transformation in Rwanda has noted that youth are its most excellent resource. YouthConnekt, created to tap into that resource, is “a platform designed to connect the youth for socioeconomic transformation.” It was first implemented in 2012 through the joint efforts of the Rwandan government and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). YouthConnekt focuses on leveraging youth employability and entrepreneurship.
This program has connected thousands of young Rwandans with mentorship, networking, funding and employment opportunities. The initiative also promotes civic engagement, encouraging young people to obtain digital training and get involved in their own local government. YouthConnekt Rwanda has won multiple awards, including the Future Policy Gold Award 2019 for Economic Empowerment of Youth. It has also received endorsement from the African Union. Dozens of professional partners have joined the program, optimizing youth empowerment initiatives in Rwanda.
Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI)
YALI is a program founded by Barack Obama to “invest in the next generation of African leaders.” Most of Africa’s population is below 30 years old, marking a significant need to prepare them for the future. The Rwanda chapter, in particular, describes itself as a “community of young leaders who are passionate about driving positive change in our communities and beyond.”
Through the YALI Regional Leadership in East Africa, the program offers intensive training in entrepreneurship, civic engagement and various soft skills. Participants engage in collaborative activities, attend workshops and make valuable connections. YALI has a robust alumni base that spans Africa. This incredible program serves as a stepping stone for young Rwandans, empowering them to make a positive change in their local communities and beyond.
A Vision for the Future
Despite its dark past, youth empowerment initiatives in Rwanda, such as Never Again Rwanda, YouthConnekt Rwanda and YALI, have helped unlock a brighter future. These programs have helped thousands of brilliant young Rwandans to develop leadership skills, become involved in civics and create change in their local communities.
By empowering the younger generation, Rwanda has made a worthwhile investment in its future prosperity, stability and resilience. The country has not only addressed the wounds of the past but built a foundation for sustainable peace and development. This offers a valuable lesson to underdeveloped nations and post-conflict societies: investing in the youth can yield incredible results.
– Josh Weinstein
Photo: Pexels
Dismantling Gender Wage Gap in Zimbabwe
Understanding the Gender Wage Gap
The gender wage gap refers to “the difference between median earnings of men and women relative to median earnings of men.” In Zimbabwe, factors such as unequal access to education influence this difference, with more than 8,000 girls dropping out more than boys. and limited job opportunities. For example, many women work in low-income domestic jobs and earn “less than $5.50 a day.” Even within the same industries as men, women tend to less pay for performing similar work. These statistics are only a partial reflection of what women go through on a day-to-day basis, making it imperative to address the root causes of this inequality.
Root Causes of the Gender Gap in Zimbabwe
Steps Towards Closing the Gender Gap in Zimbabwe
Looking Ahead
The gender wage gap in Zimbabwe requires further addressing to eliminate it from all aspects of society. Ongoing initiatives and programs have provided hope and empowerment for women that the systemic barriers can be broken down. Empowering women benefits not only them but the nation as well, providing greater stability, prosperity and justice for all Zimbabweans.
– Blessing Nkama
Photo: Flickr
Refugee Education: A Catalyst for Development
According to the UNHCR 2024 Education Report, just 42% of refugee children make it to secondary school, compared to a global average of 77%. This number decreases even more dramatically in tertiary education, falling to 7% compared with a 42% global average. This disparity reflects a broader failure to provide refugee youth with the tools to rebuild their lives and contribute meaningfully to society. However, it also presents a transformative opportunity: to reposition refugee education as a catalyst, not a cost, for development.
Secondary Education: A Critical Gap
Primary school enrollment for refugees has made modest gains in recent years. About 65% of refugee children attend primary school, according to the UNHCR’s 2024 Education Report. However, the transition to secondary school remains a significant challenge. Several key barriers block access:
Financial challenges are particularly stark. Educating a refugee secondary student costs about 30% more than educating a national student. In low-income countries, the annual cost for a national student averages $181, compared to $244 for a refugee. Despite the higher costs, international funding models rarely account for this disparity. Refugee education remains tied to short-term humanitarian frameworks, often leaving adolescents stranded between basic literacy and real opportunity.
Higher Education: Breaking New Ground
If secondary education is the missing middle, higher education is the next frontier for refugee inclusion. In a webinar hosted by the University of Winchester, Daniel Mutanda, an academic and advocate for sanctuary initiatives, emphasized that access to higher education often depends on circumstances beyond refugees’ control. “in many places, too many places, restrictive regulations and limited resources prevent individuals from pursuing their educational aspirations, making access to higher education a matter of geographic luck rather than a guaranteed right,” Mutanda said.
Barriers include being categorized as international students, which makes tuition unaffordable and excludes them from public financial aid. Legal status also determines access to education and future stability.
Mutanda introduced the concept of the “higher education border,” a powerful framework that highlights how multiple layers of exclusion operate: from lack of recognized qualifications and language proficiency to bureaucratic barriers and systemic discrimination.
“for those seeking sanctuary, what would be a or what could be a smooth transition in their journey is riddled with complex barriers. So often, the experience people have is hope and ambition quickly turning into feelings of helplessness and despair,” he said, describing the experience of refugee youth denied access. “So common advice that we’ve heard, I’ve heard is just to wait until your immigration status changes, which effectively puts people’s lives on hold.”
Refugee-led advocacy movements are now shaping the future of higher education. Former Sanctuary Scholars are leading initiatives like the Universities of Sanctuary network and organizations such as the Tertiary Refugee Student Network, pushing for systemic reform on local, national and global stages. Their leadership aims to meet a bold target: achieving 15% enrollment of refugee youth in higher education by 2030.
Case Study: UNICEF’s Let Us Learn
Programs like UNICEF’s Let Us Learn offer successful models for scaling refugee education. Operating in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Liberia, Madagascar and Nepal, the program addresses barriers across early childhood, primary, secondary and vocational education. Accelerated education programs in Bangladesh achieved gains of up to 59 percentage points in core subject tests. In Nepal, more than 89% of girls enrolled in accelerated programs transitioned into formal secondary schools. The program emphasizes access, quality and retention, integrating community engagement, vocational skills training and flexible schooling models to support marginalized adolescents, particularly girls.
Toward a New Paradigm
To unlock the potential of refugees, the current education model must evolve. Key changes include:
Moving Forward
Expanding access to education for displaced youth contributes to long-term resilience, workforce development and social inclusion. Supporting educational pathways, especially beyond the primary level, could enable individuals to participate meaningfully in rebuilding their communities and economies. As Daniel Mutanda said, “[Higher education] really provides an opportunity for them to flourish, whatever discipline they pursue, whatever sort of choice they make in terms of the subject area, it really gives them an opportunity to flourish.”
– Linnéa Matlack
Photo: Flickr
5 Organizations Helping To Rebuild Myanmar After the Earthquake
Military forces control the majority of the territory and some opposing forces, such as the National Unity Government’s People’s Defense Force, have said they would pause all military action in affected areas. Because of the conflict, getting outside aid into the country is not simple. However, this has not stopped several organizations from taking action and bringing aid to the millions in need. Here are five organizations helping to rebuild Myanmar after the earthquake.
Project HOPE
This organization specializes in global health and works on the ground with local representatives to bring health care aid to countries around the globe. After the Myanmar Earthquake, Project HOPE worked with one of its partners, SAMU, to put mobile medical teams on standby if needed by the government. However, they have already deployed two mobile units with the help of another partner, Community Partners International, which is connecting people in need with medical assistance.
When a disaster like this occurs, a significant issue many may not think about is the logistics of how life-saving aid is going to make its way into affected areas. Project HOPE’s response team in Yangon is addressing just that, as they are working out supply chain routes that can help aid organizations connect with local communities and bring essentials such as food, clean drinking water, and hygiene kits into affected areas.
Save The Children
This organization focuses on every aspect of an impoverished child’s life and ways to improve it. As children are some of the most vulnerable after the devastating earthquake, Save the Children mobilized 10 on-the-ground teams of around eighty staff members in various fields to help render aid to more than 91,000 people thus far.
Save The Children understands the need to provide specific care for children that is often overlooked. This is why they have established safe spaces for children in affected areas to play, learn and receive mental health support. Many schools have sustained structural damage after the earthquake and subsequent aftershocks, leaving many children no place to continue their education. Save The Children is working with local organizations and partners to evaluate how they can rebuild and repair these essential spaces.
International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC)
As the largest humanitarian network in the world, the IFRC has unprecedented access to getting fast aid into countries after a disaster strikes. It immediately coordinated with the Myanmar Red Cross Society to establish mobile health clinics to assist with overwhelmed hospitals. As access to working plumbing and clean drinking water is extremely limited in many of the hardest hit areas, they have also been working to distribute water purification and hygiene kits to help ease this burden.
International Rescue Committee (IRC)
Following the earthquake in Myanmar, the IRC quickly realized hospitals were becoming increasingly overcrowded and that there were not enough workers to go around. To help ease the workload of the hospitals and get help to those unable to reach a treatment center, it mobilized health teams to coordinate with local authorities and started administering medicines and aid to those in need.
Doctors Without Borders
Founded in 1971 by doctors and journalists, Doctors Without Borders has worked for years to provide impartial medical aid to those in crises. The organization was quick to step in after the 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar, providing the highly affected areas with skilled staff members not only in medicine but also sanitation, water, and logistics.
With how large the impact zones are and how many were affected, Doctors Without Borders sees their current limitations and is pushing for a larger “scale-up” of aid within the country. They are communicating and working with the country’s Ministry of Health to ensure more help is being provided in hard-to-reach areas that have lost contact with officials because of blackouts.
Looking Forward
Even before the earthquake struck Myanmar, millions were already in need of humanitarian support. This natural disaster only worsened these conditions and put millions more in need of assistance. These organizations are helping to administer life-saving aid to a country in a state of emergency by providing essential resources, medical services, and labor forces.
– Collier Simpson
Photo: Flickr
5 Things To Know About Higher Education in the Bahamas
Low Graduation Rates Pose Challenges
The Bahamas struggles with worryingly low graduation rates at the university level due to socioeconomic factors, academic challenges and other circumstances. Additionally, only 7% of students at the University of The Bahamas are studying science and technology-related courses. This lack of focus on key fields limits the country’s ability to diversify its economy, leaving the tourism sector the dominant growth driver.
Poverty as a Barrier to Access
Approximately 25% of households in The Bahamas experience poverty, especially those led by individuals with no formal education. Many families cannot afford the costs associated with university or college attendance, including fees, books and living expenses.
Limited scholarship opportunities and financial aid programs mean students from disadvantaged backgrounds often do not pursue higher education entirely. Ultimately, this deepens social inequality and prevents talented individuals from underserved communities from reaching their full potential.
A Structured Education System With Potential
The Bahamian education system, modeled after the British framework, provides a structured pathway to higher education. Students complete The Bahamas General Certificate of Secondary Education (BGCSE) before pursuing advanced studies at institutions like the University of The Bahamas.
However, The Bahamas has only one public university, making it highly competitive for students, especially those from low-income households, who cannot afford to study in private institutions or abroad.
Growing Educational Attainment Offers Hope
Despite challenges, the higher education system in the Bahamas is progressing. The percentage of Bahamians aged 25 and older with at least a bachelor’s degree has risen steadily, reaching 15% in 2010 from 0.3% in 2000.
While still low compared to global standards, this upward trend reflects increasing access to higher education and a growing recognition of its value.
Future Opportunities Through Innovation and Investment
The future of higher education in The Bahamas is promising, with opportunities to overcome poverty-related barriers through innovation and investment. The government and private sector are exploring partnerships to fund scholarships, improve infrastructure and integrate technology into classrooms.
These efforts aim to equip students with the skills needed for a more diversified economy beyond tourism.
A Path Forward
Higher education in The Bahamas faces significant hurdles, particularly for students experiencing poverty. Yet, the nation’s structured system, rising attainment rates and commitment to innovation provide a foundation for hope.
– Sydney Carr
Photo: Flickr