Archive for category: Global Poverty

Key articles and information on global poverty.

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Supporting Cambodian Farmers With Drone Technology

Cambodian FarmersCambodia, famed for its ancient temples, rich history and vibrant culture, offers unique natural beauty and historical importance. Located in Southeast Asia, its landscape spans the Mekong Delta, which has been an important source of vitality for its surrounding countries for centuries. The lower Mekong basin runs through the East of Cambodia, providing a livelihood for Cambodian farmers. More than 90% of total production in Cambodia along the Mekong basin is attributed to paddy production.

Furthermore, more than 50% of total agricultural production in Cambodia is attributed to rice production. Due to its proportion of national production, the development of this sector can bring great returns to Cambodians. The agricultural sector needs reforming to support the crop’s commercialization in the region, a process encouraged due to its export value. If the government’s aim to make the country a “rice basket” (a major rice exporter) is to be fulfilled, using new technology can aid this endeavor.

The Economic Situation

Cambodia is both one of the most impoverished countries and one of the fastest-growing economies in Southeast Asia. The genocide from 1975 to 1979, which saw the killing of almost one-quarter of the population, has undoubtedly left its mark on the people of Cambodia and the economic health of the country. About 16.6% of Cambodians are multidimensionally poor, meaning they suffer from multiple aspects of poverty beyond monetary means.

One legacy of the genocide is seen in the poverty rate of areas near where the atrocities took place. Villages nearer mass grave sites suffered an increased 4% poverty rate in a study done in 2023. Agriculture is a huge proportion of Cambodia’s production. It is an area where the country can focus on improving to compete further in the export market. Its status as a less-developed nation in the region makes it an attractive prospect for investors, especially investment in the agricultural industry. This makes Cambodia’s agriculture industry a prime sector for increasing overall wealth and reducing poverty.

Cambodia’s Paddy Problems

Paddy production increased by 2.9 million tons from 2012 to 2020, sitting at 10.9 million tons in 2020. Cambodia’s capacity for paddy production is clear. However, it is vulnerable to climatic conditions and the export market is strict about the type of rice seed it accepts.

Varying climatic conditions threaten to lower rice yields as both flooding and shortages of water can reduce the total rice yield for the year depending on the type of rice seed. To make Cambodia’s paddy production sustainable, investing in new technologies can aid the commercialization of the crop and its climate-resistant capabilities.

Drones Can Be a Solution

Drone usage is an example of a technological innovation that can help the government and individual farmers achieve greater efficiency in paddy production. Particular drones can be used for aerial fertilization, saving time during a typically time-consuming part of the production and increasing the safety of administering pesticides and insecticides.

The Cambodian Agriculture and Research Institute (CARDI) has partnered with Queensland University to develop the technology and to deliver training to Cambodian farmers and government officials on how these drones can be used.  A woman in Battambang province has been providing spraying services to farmers in her province for two years already, proving to be a profitable and reliable business venture. She is among a group of women who have invested in drone technology to provide this service, which is guaranteed to use less water than traditional methods.

Another type of drone has been used in the Siem Reap province to sow rice. The community in Siem Reap has successfully used drones to sow the Neang Ang rice seed, covering 70 hectares of rice per day. This is a huge proportion of ground covered, improving the livelihood of Cambodian farmers and providing food security to the community.

Looking Ahead

The successful case of drone usage and the current partnership between CARDI and Queensland University spell optimism for the development of Cambodia’s rice seed systems. The greater efficiency provided by drones can be used to produce greater yields of climate-resistant rice suited to the export market.

This innovative technology can simultaneously improve farmers’ livelihoods and make Cambodia’s export market more sustainable in the face of adverse climatic conditions. Innovation and investment in agricultural technology can be the key to achieving sustainable growth and subsequently reducing poverty in Cambodia. 

– Lauren Alkhalil

Lauren is based in London, UK and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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Remittance in Lebanon

Remittance as a Poverty Reduction Mechanism in Lebanon In Lebanon, international worker remittance has been playing an increasingly important role in the economy since the 2019 financial crisis. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines remittance as household income from foreign economies arising mainly from migration to those economies. In 2022, international remittances from migrants made up 37.8% of Lebanon’s GDP, surpassing the share of exports in the country’s GDP. In addition, the figure represents the highest remittance to GDP ratio in the Middle East and North Africa region. 

Remittance in Lebanon

The high volume of emigration in Lebanon plays a central role in the size of remittances the country’s citizens receive. While the country has a population of 5.49 million population as of 2022, an estimated 880,000 Lebanon migrants or more than 16% of the population, resided outside the country. Other Arabian countries, North America and Europe are the top destinations for migrants. Before and during the 2008 global recession, remittance composed more than 25% of the country’s GDP, but its share decreased steadily in the decade between 2008 to 2018 until the 2019 financial crisis emerged in Lebanon.  

Since the year 2019, Lebanon’s economy has been grappling with a deep financial crisis that was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the Port of Beirut explosion in 2020. The country’s GDP plummeted from around $52 billion in 2019 to an estimated $23.1 billion in 2021, leading to a rapid decline in income and basic services in the country. According to the World Bank estimates, the poverty rate of the country more than tripled since 2012, with 44% of the country’s population living below the poverty line as of 2022. 

A Buffer During Crisis

Against the backdrop of the enduring economic crisis, international remittance acts as a crucial buffer against poverty for families in Lebanon and a hedge against the complete collapse of the economy and social order. In 2022, an estimated 15% of households rely on remittance for income, up from the pre-crisis 10%. A survey by the UNDP also revealed that 29% of households started receiving remittances from their family members abroad as a response to the impacts of the financial crisis. The majority of the remittances were used to pay for food, electricity and medical expenditures, highlighting the importance of the remittance for Lebanese households to maintain their living standards.   

Remittances have become more important in alleviating poverty in the country after the financial crisis. In 2022, receiving remittances reduced a household’s possibility of being poor by five percentage points and the results were significantly robust. In comparison, in the year 2012, the percentage was four points and the statistical correlation was weak. 

Development Aid

From a long-run perspective, before the financial crisis in Lebanon, remittance played an important role in facilitating poverty reduction and economic development. The research found that remittance correlates positively with schooling attendance in Lebanon, indirectly contributing to the development of human capital and the long-run development of the economy. In addition, there is also evidence that the inflow of remittance contributes to the development of the financial market and long-run economic growth. A 2019 study further estimated that every 1% increase in remittance increases economic growth by 2%.

Looking Ahead

International remittances have become a vital lifeline for Lebanon, significantly contributing to the economy and providing essential support for families amid ongoing economic challenges. With remittances comprising a substantial portion of Lebanon’s GDP, their role in alleviating poverty and sustaining living standards remains critical. As Lebanon continues to recover from its financial crisis, the ongoing flow of remittances could be essential for economic stability and future development.

– Wangruoxi Liang

Wangruoxi is based in Ann Arbor, MI, USA and focuses on Business and New Markets for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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The Joint Efforts to Support the Hudaydah Agreement

The Joint Efforts to Support the Hudaydah Agreement The Hudaydah port in Yemen plays an impactful role, handling 70% of the nation’s imports, including crucial humanitarian aid and commercial supplies. The ongoing conflict has disrupted operations at Hudaydah and the nearby Saleef port, drastically affecting more than eight million Yemenis who rely on these imports. To mitigate this humanitarian crisis, the conflicting parties established the Hudaydah Agreement, which aims to shield the ports from conflict. The United Nations (U.N.) monitors this agreement to ensure compliance and maintain the essential flow of goods.

Strengthening the Hudaydah Agreement

On June 14, 2024, Saudi Arabia’s Ambassador to the U.N., Abdulaziz AlWasil, met with Michael Beary, Head of the U.N. Mission to Support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA), in New York City. The meeting focused on reinforcing the agreement that plays a crucial role in maintaining the flow of humanitarian aid through Yemen’s vital Hudaydah ports. Both Saudi Arabia and the U.N. have committed to ensuring the stability and security of these ports and advancing peace throughout Yemen. Their diplomatic efforts, including the Hudaydah Agreement, exemplify ongoing initiatives to resolve the conflict and promote recovery in Yemen.

Saudi Arabia’s Role in Yemen’s Diplomacy

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in collaboration with allied nations and the U.N., is vigorously advocating for a diplomatic solution to the conflict in Yemen. Over the past year, Saudi Arabia has facilitated negotiations between Yemen’s internationally recognized government based in Aden and the Houthi rebels. These ongoing discussions aim to cease the fighting and ensure the full reopening of ports critical for importing humanitarian aid. The efforts of Saudi Arabia to secure a ceasefire and safeguard the Hudaydah ports received commendation from Hans Grundberg, the U.N. Special Envoy for Yemen, who described them as a “step change.” According to U.N. and Saudi officials, the diplomatic initiatives supporting the Hudaydah Agreement are making progress and have been ongoing for an extended period.

The United Nation’s Diplomatic Initiatives

In collaboration with Saudi Arabia, the U.N. has been intensively engaged in diplomatic efforts to ensure the ongoing delivery of aid to Yemen through the Hudaydah ports and other channels. On December 26, 2023, U.N. Special Envoy Hans Grundberg announced ongoing discussions with both the Yemeni government in Aden and the Houthi rebels. These talks aim to create a peace roadmap for Yemen that can potentially benefit all citizens, particularly those in dire need. Key elements of the roadmap include a nationwide ceasefire, the reopening of roads in various regions and reducing restrictions on essential ports like those in Hudaydah.

A Unified Approach to Resolve Yemen’s Crisis

The collaboration between Saudi Arabia and the U.N. exemplifies a unified approach to addressing the complex challenges in Yemen. Through sustained diplomatic efforts and strategic interventions, both entities aim to secure a stable and peaceful environment in Yemen, ensuring that aid reaches those in dire need and paving the way toward a resolution of the protracted conflict.

– Abdullah Dowaihy

Abdullah is based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and focuses on Good News, and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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Higher Education in Sierra Leone

Higher Education in Sierra LeoneSierra Leone is a low-income country on the West African coast that is still recovering from a decade-long civil war (1991-2002). The Ebola epidemic (2014-2016) only hindered Sierra Leone’s ability to bounce back, with children losing a year of schooling during this time. In 2019, 72.4% of Sierra Leone’s rural population lived below the poverty line and the adult literacy rate was 51%.

Gender Disparities in Sierra Leone’s Education Enrollment

Gender disparities exist in Sierra Leone’s education enrollment. For instance, in 2021, boys completed lower secondary education at a rate of 46%, while girls did so at a rate of 67%. Additionally, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) reported that 27% of boys and 18% of girls completed upper secondary school.

A research paper published by IGI Global highlights the consistently low overall enrollment ratio in tertiary (higher) education in Sierra Leone from 1950 to 2010. It also reveals that from 1995 to 2010, the gender gap in higher education enrollment has widened.

Sierra Leonean students can only attend technical and vocational institutions or the University of Sierra Leone’s constituent colleges after finishing secondary school. As of 2020, 17 universities were registered with the Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) of Sierra Leone, along with 15 post-secondary institutions offering undergraduate degree programs through affiliation.

While the government has mainly focused on improving primary and secondary school attendance, the Ministry of Technical and Higher Education (MTHE) has also been focused on improving the quality of higher education in Sierra Leone.

Government Support for Higher Education

The Universities Act of 2005 reoriented higher education in Sierra Leone by supporting the establishment of private universities. There are at least 11 private higher education institutions in Sierra Leone that the TEC accredits. Many of these private institutions are affiliated with public institutions so that they can offer undergraduate degrees.

The MTHE offers students access to higher education through the government’s Grant-in-Aid and the Student Loan Scheme. Further, an Act of Parliament in 2001 instituted the Eastern Polytechnic and Milton Margai College of Education and Technology (MMCET) as polytechnics, ensuring that both institutions will focus on providing hands-on, applied education.

In 2023, the Minister of the MTHE, Dr. Ramatulai Wurie, outlined recent improvements in Sierra Leone’s higher education system and plans for further enhancements to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Secretary-General. One notable improvement is the investment of 21% of the national budget in the Free Quality Education (FQE) program from 2018 to 2023.

Wurie emphasized President Julius Maada Bio’s objective to increase education funding. Wurie also stated that the government overall and the MTHE are improving “teaching methods, curriculum review… and youth empowerment.” UNESCO has also helped by providing support for the development of a National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy for Sierra Leone in 2022. Viewing middle manpower as crucial for Sierra Leone’s growth, Wurie emphasized the government’s commitment to strengthening the nation’s Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) sector. This investment is aimed at boosting socioeconomic development and preparing the younger generation for the job market.

Higher Education Challenges and Solutions

Higher education institutions still need to update their academic programs to meet the current job market’s demands and the Assuring Quality Higher Education in Sierra Leone(AQHEd-SL) project is the first step toward doing so. In 2022, the AQHEd-SL pilot successfully helped develop curriculum review processes for eight post-secondary institutions in programs associated with health, science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), management and agriculture. It also trained 37 quality assurance officers to work in universities and 450 university staff members in learner-centered teaching and critical thinking. The University of Sierra Leone led the AQHEd-SL partnership with many local partners, including Njala University and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, U.S.

Establishing standard learning outcomes for programs in similar fields of study is another issue in Sierra Leone’s higher education system that needs to be addressed. Systems like credit transfer and standardizing qualifications across different institutions’ programs give students the flexibility to switch between different institutions across the country. The drafted National Qualifications Framework(NQF) is credits-based. It seeks to provide a form of standardization for learning programs in similar fields throughout different institutions within the country. According to the African Continental Qualifications Framework, Sierra Leone drafted a new NQF in 2024 and the document is being examined in a nationwide consultation process with stakeholders.

Higher education institutions have also complained for many years about political interference and requested more autonomy. Bio responded by using the Universities Act of 2021 to remove the role of Chancellor from all public universities. This legislation allows other citizens to be appointed in such a leadership position for public universities. There are also plans to address compliance concerns raised by the new leaders of the public universities by improving regulatory frameworks and providing more support for the new Chancellors.

– Elisabeth Nwasokwa

Elisabeth is based in Bellerose, NY, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Addressing HIV/AIDS in Libya

HIV/AIDS in LibyaIn Libya, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is characterized by a low but concentrated prevalence among drug users. Additionally, political, economic and societal stigma has exacerbated health care system challenges for those suffering. However, recent programs funded by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have led to progress, contributing to a decline in the rate of infection to 0.07 from 0.13 between 2010 and 2019. Despite this progress, there are still significant challenges.

Historical Context and Challenges

Libya first saw the appearance of the disease in 1986 when a Factor VIII contamination affected 24 hemophilia patients. In 1998, a tragic outbreak affected 400 children in Benghazi Hospital. Before the revolution in spring 2011, UNAIDS reported that international development partners found it difficult to work systematically in Libya. Society did not openly discuss AIDS, nor did it consider it a health priority. New data confirmed that the situation in Libya was worse than what officials previously reported.

Despite the low and concentrated epidemic among drug users in Libya, societal challenges persist. The United States’s (U.S.) 2018 Country Report cites no available information on societal violence toward persons with HIV/AIDS. However, it does mention reports of the Libyan government denying persons with HIV/AIDS permission to marry.

Additionally, it reported instances of segregation of detainees suspected of having the disease from the rest of the population in overcrowded spaces. In these cases, these people were often the last to receive medical treatment. In Libya, there is no specific law prohibiting discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation or HIV-positive status.

Interventions and Programs

Various interventions and programs have been implemented to address HIV/AIDS in Libya. In 2012, UNAIDS recommended drug substitution treatment and harm reduction measures such as voluntary, confidential counseling and testing, as well as the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV among drug users. This approach, which was implemented, centered around respecting the rights of drug users and worked to reduce the stigmatization of HIV/AIDS.

Furthermore, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) relaunched the second phase of the HIV project in Libya, focusing on the HIV prevention program among people injecting drugs in prison settings. The then-Libyan government funded the project. However, it was suspended in 2011 due to security problems and resumed the following year. Additionally, in 2019, officials implemented a program to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). However, ongoing internal conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic have hindered its effectiveness.

Collaboration with UNODC experts also led to an evaluation study on rehabilitation as a component of harm reduction. Trainers educated a group of medical assistants in communities with several committees such as Y-Peer and Libyan Red Crescent. These efforts aimed to support prevention and treatment initiatives at the community level.

Recent Efforts and Recommendations

Despite some progress, significant challenges remain in treating HIV/AIDS in Libya. In 2022, the WHO reported that although Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is free to all Libyan citizens, repeated stockouts have interrupted treatment and led to increasing numbers of people living with HIV being admitted to health facilities with advanced stages of the disease.

Additionally, only four of Libya’s eight ART centers are fully functioning and there are fewer than 10 HIV testing centers in the entire country. The stigma of HIV extends even to health care workers through their association with those who have HIV/AIDS due to misconceptions about the disease.

To improve the response to HIV/AIDS, the WHO has advocated for regular funding for the National Aids Program (NAP) and aligning its activities with the Regional Action Plan on HIV, hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Final Remark

Continued international support, enhanced infrastructure for testing and robust anti-stigma campaigns are crucial for addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Libya effectively. This could be achieved by collaborating with philanthropic organizations and foundations that focus on global health. By focusing on these areas, Libya can build a stronger, more inclusive response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, ultimately improving health outcomes for all.

– Nia Willis

Nia is based in Carmarthenshire, UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Hope for Mothers in Malawi

Mothers in MalawiMalawi is one of the most impoverished countries in the world, with approximately 71% of the population earning less than $1.90 a day. Poverty hinders access to health care services, thus putting vulnerable, for example, pregnant women, at extreme risk and dimming the hope for mothers in Malawi. Additionally, there is a lack of awareness regarding obstetric complications, further increasing the risk for them.

Maternal Mortality in Malawi

These factors have resulted in extremely high maternal mortality in Malawi, with 381 deaths per 100,000 live births recorded in 2020. This rate ranks Malawi at number 25 out of 182 countries. However, the current statistics show an improvement from the previously recorded 439 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017, which has increased the hopes of survival for the mothers in Malawi.

The Good News

The reduction in maternal mortality has been made possible due to the dedicated efforts of individuals, the government of Malawi and organizations like the United Nations (U.N.), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and more. Efforts to reduce maternal deaths and improve conditions for women are ongoing.

Various organizations and individuals are taking measures to enhance maternal health and achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1, which aims to reduce maternal deaths to 70 per 100,000 live births or no more than 140 per 100,000 live births worldwide.

Two notable individuals in this regard are Lucy Msukwa and Mercy Kafotokoza. The loss of their loved ones due to a lack of access to health care facilities motivated them to start initiatives aimed at ensuring the safety of mothers during pregnancy and childbirth.

Uchembere Wabwino Maternity Ltd

In 2019, Msukwa started a clinic, Uchembere Wabwino Maternity Ltd, in Mzuzu to provide better health care services to pregnant women and educate them about complications. Msukwa, a certified nurse and midwife, graduated from an Academy for Women Entrepreneurs program in 2021. She received a $10,000 grant to improve the clinic’s facilities and train her staff.

Furthermore, the clinic also provides sexual and reproductive health services, family planning services and preconception services, along with educating pregnant women, hence creating hope for mothers in Malawi. A 2023 report by the United States African Development Foundation (USADF) highlighted several achievements of the clinic: the number of patients increased from 1,894 to 5,000, zero deaths were recorded during deliveries and the clinic’s business revenues improved.

Msukwa has continued to work for women and has become a beacon of hope for mothers in Malawi. She is also working to end period poverty in Mzuzu and her vision is to implement innovative, data-driven programs to enhance women’s access to health care services.

Nurses on Bikes

In 2016, Kafotokoza, now a registered nurse, founded Wandikweza to reduce deaths from preventable causes and provide accessible health care to people living in remote areas of Malawi, where approximately 82% of the population lives. Wandikweza has various sub-programs, such as community health workers, mobile clinics, community engagement and health centers focused on improving maternal health in rural areas.

In 2019, it launched another initiative, Nurses On Bikes. It provides trained nurses with bikes to care for pregnant women. Wandikweza is running Nurses On Bikes in Dowa and Mangochi areas, with 14 nurses who have served 21,901 women in one quarter of 2024. Nurses On Bikes ignites new hope for mothers living in remote areas of Malawi who previously had no access to health care facilities due to lack of transport or finances.

Lessons for the Future

“One person can change the world”- Rosa Parks. Msukwa and Kafotokoza’s journeys are powerful reminders that one individual can make a meaningful difference and that involving local actors is extremely important to improve maternal health. Following the success of these initiatives, collaboration between international organizations and local communities has intensified.

One such effort is the Vodafone Foundation’s launch of the “m-mama” project in Malawi in 2025. This emergency referral and transport system, already operational in Tanzania and Lesotho, will provide life-saving services to 12,600 pregnant women and babies. After its launch, the Government of Malawi will be able to sustain the project for just $350,000, which is less than the cost of two new ambulances. These collaborations offer a promising future full of hope for mothers in Malawi.

– Maria Waleed

Maria is based in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Elderly Poverty in the Bahamas

Elderly Poverty in the BahamasFor 400,000 permanent residents, life in the Bahamas is anything but a breezy Caribbean vacation. In 2019, Hurricane Dorian unleashed 180-mile-per-hour winds on Abaco Island and Grand Bahama. The storm ruined more than 13,000 homes to rubble and displaced nearly 30,000 people, affecting the elderly as well. Here is some information about elderly poverty in the Bahamas including what some are doing to address the health and sanitation challenges due to Hurricane Dorian.

Elderly Poverty in the Bahamas

The ageing population in the Bahamas has increased in the past few decades, driven by falling fertility rates and rising life expectancy. Over the next 25 years, the number of adults 65 and older in the Caribbean will double. This demographic shift could strain the economy as fewer people and those currently employed near retirement enter the workforce. Older adults also face diminishing job opportunities and employment discrimination, trapping them in cyclical poverty.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), population ageing, coupled with unhealthy lifestyles, will lead to a surge in non-communicable diseases like hypertension, Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Medical costs associated with NCDs can account for one-third of an individual’s total spending. Older adults, who are more susceptible to contracting NCDs, often cannot bear the cost of treatment.

The Impact of Hurricane Dorian on the Elderly

Around the time of Hurricane Dorian, Bahamians in this age group, of which 7.2% live below the poverty line, struggled to stay afloat while paying exorbitant medical and home restoration bills. Organizations like Project Hope and Mercy Corps sent volunteers to the islands to provide necessary aid, which helped address elderly poverty in the Bahamas.

The Category 5 storm overwhelmed hospitals with sick and injured patients. The storm also left hospitals short of medical staff and equipment as water-borne illnesses ravaged the community, meaning the immuno-compromised elderly and those suffering chronic ailments were unable to receive adequate care.

The Guardian reported that more than 60,000 islanders needed food and clean drinking water. Mercy Corps delivered portable water to communities affected by contaminated aquifers. In partnership with ocean production organization Mission Resolve, Mercy Corps installed a water treatment plant to clarify the water of toxins and salt. These efforts not only met the immediate needs of Bahamians, young and old, in critical condition but also served as a testament to the strength and resilience of the community.

Looking Ahead

Rebuilding the lives and providing dignity for older and impoverished Bahamians whose lives Dorian upended is an ongoing project that will cost the government and homeowners millions, if not billions, of dollars. The former deputy prime minister, Peter Turnquest, estimated that about 45% of Grand Bahama and Abaco Island homes were severely damaged or destroyed in the storm. Restoring these buildings will be especially burdensome for the elderly and impoverished.

Safeguarding the rights of older people and those experiencing elderly poverty in the Bahamas is possible and paramount. Advocates suggest implementing policies that will address old-age problems. Some are already active in the Bahamas, including its Financial Assistance for Payment of Utilities and Purchase of Basic Household Items. Implementing more legislation like this will make strides toward promoting and protecting the wellness of older Bahamians as they continue to pick up the pieces of an island landscape still reeling from Dorian. 

– Natalie Kaufman

Natalie is based in Orlando, FL, USA and focuses on World News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Tackling Child Poverty in Tonga: Challenges and Solutions

Child Poverty in TongaTonga is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, with 171 islands, 36 of which are inhabited. Despite its serene beaches and vibrant culture, a significant portion of Tonga’s young population lives in conditions that threaten their health, education and overall well-being. In Tonga, 27% of the population lives in poverty. Almost one in four adults is deprived of three or more essentials and resides in a low-income household. Similarly, one in three children is deprived of two or more essentials and also lives in a low-income household.

The Scope of Child Poverty in Tonga

Child poverty in Tonga is a multifaceted issue influenced by various socioeconomic factors. The country’s economy relies heavily on agriculture, fisheries and remittances from Tongans living abroad. While these sectors provide some economic stability, they are insufficient to support all families, particularly those in rural areas. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), 24% of the Tongan population lived below the national poverty line in 2021 and the unemployment rate was 2.1%. Therefore, many families struggle to cover the cost of their daily needs financially.

Programs aimed at increasing household income through vocational training and small business support help families achieve financial stability. The Tonga Skills program, funded by the Australian government, offers vocational training to young adults and parents, equipping them with skills to start small businesses. Since its inception in 2018, Tonga Skills has trained more than 1,200 individuals, resulting in a 15% increase in household income for participants.

Health and Nutrition

Children living in poverty in Tonga frequently encounter serious health and nutritional challenges. Malnutrition is a major issue, as many families are unable to afford a balanced diet, resulting in stunted growth and other long-term health problems. According to data from the World Bank Group in 2019, 2.2% of children in Tonga were affected by stunting, which translates to hundreds of children facing impaired growth and development. Limited access to health care, especially in remote areas, worsens the situation.

The less than 5 mortality rate in Tonga is notably high compared to global averages. In 2022, 11 out of every 1,000 children died before their 5th birthday due to poor living conditions. This rate is higher than the global average of 38.8 per 1,000 live births reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020. Within the Pacific region, Tonga’s aged less than 5 mortality rate is also concerning, as it exceeds the regional average of 22 per 1,000 live births. 

Efforts to increase health care accessibility, including mobile clinics and health education campaigns, are underway. The Tongan government, in partnership with the WHO, has deployed mobile health clinics to remote islands since 2020. These clinics provide essential health services, including vaccinations and nutritional support, reaching more than 10,000 children annually.

Education and Child Development

Education is a vital tool for breaking the cycle of poverty. However, many children in Tonga face barriers to accessing quality education. The lack of resources, underfunding of schools and the need for children to contribute to household income often prevent them from attending school regularly.

Educational programs such as scholarships, school feeding programs and infrastructure improvements enhance educational access and quality. For example, the Ministry of Education and Training, with support from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), launched a school feeding program in 2019. This initiative aims to provide nutritious meals to children in primary schools, improving attendance and performance. As of 2023, the program has benefited more than 5,000 children in rural areas.

The Role of the International Community

The international community plays a crucial role in supporting Tonga’s efforts to combat child poverty. Aid from foreign governments, international NGOs and global institutions provides much-needed resources and expertise. Financial aid helps fund educational and health care programs. At the same time, international experts assist in developing and implementing effective poverty alleviation strategies. Global advocacy efforts raise awareness about child poverty in Tonga, mobilizing additional support.

By addressing the economic, health and educational challenges faced by children, Tonga can pave the way for a brighter future for its youngest citizens. Continued support from the international community, coupled with effective local initiatives, will be crucial in breaking the cycle of poverty and ensuring that every child in Tonga has the opportunity to thrive.

– Chelsea Rasool

Chelsea is based in Stirling, Scotland and focuses on Good News and Technology for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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7 NGOs Safeguarding Overseas Filipino Workers

7 NGOs Safeguarding Overseas Filipino WorkersThe Philippines, a nation marked by vibrant culture and rapid economic development, faces significant challenges, including widespread poverty and a vast economic disparity between social classes. These ongoing issues compel many Filipinos to seek employment overseas. Known as Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), these individuals often face difficult working conditions, including exploitation and harsh work environments, while striving to support their families through remittances. These financial contributions are vital, lifting many households out of poverty and supporting the broader Philippine economy.

Despite the vital role they play, OFWs often contend with insufficient protection and recognition of their rights. To address these issues, the Philippine government and various nongovernmental organizations are actively working to improve conditions for OFWs, advocating for their rights and providing essential services to ensure their welfare and security. This concerted effort aims to safeguard the well-being of OFWs and optimize the benefits of their economic contributions to the country. Here are some of the NGOs supporting OFWs:

Unlad Kabayan

UNLAD Kabayan focuses on enhancing the business skills of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). Earning higher wages than their counterparts in the Philippines does not always translate to financial savvy; many OFWs, despite years of working abroad, return home without substantial savings. Established in 1996, UNLAD Kabayan equips OFWs with essential knowledge to effectively invest their earnings and start businesses. The organization also supports OFWs in adjusting back to life in the Philippines, aiding their reintegration into Philippine society. This comprehensive approach aims to ensure that OFWs can secure their financial futures and contribute positively to their communities.

The Economic Resource Centre for Overseas Workers

Filipinos working abroad often encounter numerous challenges, from accidents and financial shortages to mistreatment by employers, including unpaid wages. The Economic Resource Centre for Overseas Workers, a nongovernmental organization, provides essential economic resources to support these individuals during such difficulties. The organizations’s efforts help mitigate the impact of unexpected adversities, ensuring that OFWs have the necessary support to address their immediate financial needs.

ATIKHA

Many OFWs seek employment abroad with plans to retire in the Philippines once they have accumulated sufficient funds. However, some opt to migrate permanently to their host countries, drawn by better economic opportunities. Such migrations can be costly, requiring substantial support for the workers and their families. This is where ATIKHA, a dedicated organization, excels. Its primary goal is to assist OFW families during their migration process, providing the necessary guidance and resources to facilitate their transition to a new country.

KAKKAMPI

Founded in Geneva, Switzerland, KAKKAMPI is an association dedicated to supporting Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). The organization provides a broad spectrum of services, including funding classes and loans, designed to enhance financial security for OFWs. Through these ongoing efforts, KAKKAMPI aims to safeguard OFWs from exploitation and ensure they have the financial resources necessary to succeed.

WE AIM OFW

WE AIM OFW collaborates closely with the Philippine government to support the One Model and Great Community (OMG) initiative. This comprehensive program encompasses various aspects such as financial support, housing funds, livelihood programs and scholarships. The organization empowers Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) to manage their earnings wisely and contribute positively to their communities, ensuring their financial stability and community development.

Center For Migrant Advocacy

Founded in 2002, the Center For Migrant Advocacy dedicates itself to enhancing the welfare of overseas workers globally. The organization achieves its goals through policy advocacy, networking, information dissemination, direct assistance and capability building. Key initiatives include encouraging overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) to report any abuses they or their peers endure. By raising awareness of OFW rights and welfare, the organization plays a crucial role in protecting these rights. Additionally, the Center For Migrant Advocacy offers various volunteer opportunities, empowering individuals to contribute to meaningful change.

Global Filipino Movement

The Global Filipino Movement, established by various Christian groups, provides emotional and spiritual support to overseas Filipino workers (OFWs). Recognizing the Philippines’ predominantly Christian background, the organization acknowledges the significant role faith plays for OFWs facing loneliness and hardship abroad. The NGO delivers ministry services to OFWs and their families, helping them cope during challenging periods. Active for 13 years, the Global Filipino Movement has been instrumental in bolstering the resilience of Filipino families through tough times.

Looking Ahead

The ongoing efforts to support OFWs can potentially bring about the security of their financial futures, thereby positively impacting both home and host countries. Continued advocacy and support could be vital in addressing the challenges faced by OFWs and maximizing the benefits of their contributions.

– Neil Misola

Neil is based in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada and focuses on Business and Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pexels

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Clean Drinking Water for the Rohingya

Water for the RohingyaAmid the Rohingya refugee crisis, clean drinking water remains a critical and elusive lifeline, with Cox’s Bazar’s limited infrastructure leaving countless at risk from waterborne diseases. In the early days of the crisis, humanitarian agencies focused on providing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services.

For various reasons, Cox’s Bazar’s land cannot maintain clean water and much of the water tested at the beginning of the crisis showed high levels of Escherichia coli. The issue of contaminated water persisted due to limited capacity for water treatment centers, limited supplies and geographical constraints.

The WHO’s Efforts

The World Health Organisation (WHO) took action quickly. In 2018, it distributed 2,150 water filters and community filters and “conducted training for health partners on installing and maintenance of the filters,” which, in hopes, would provide five years of clean water. However, conditions remained challenging. In 2019, cholera, typhoid, diarrhea and Acute Watery Diarrhea were reported to be widespread among the refugees.

Amid the pandemic, conditions only worsened, with a virus requiring frequent handwashing; the Rohingya faced challenges combating this. Additionally, due to unsanitary water, many in the camps tested positive for hepatitis A and pregnant women posed a particular threat of contracting hepatitis E from the infected water.

The Human Relief Foundation

Access to clean water for the Rohingya has become a focus of many charitable organizations. The Human Relief Foundation (HRF) has worked toward providing more clean water for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. For example, HRF has built a well in Rankut, in Cox’s Bazar, where 172 school students and 35 households dwell, limiting the distance residents have to travel to collect water. This, in turn, limits the possibility of infections in the water and allows for time focused on activities like schooling and volunteering.

World Water Day 2024 Initiatives in Cox’s Bazar

In March 2024, World Water Day was celebrated in Cox’s Bazar and the surrounding host countries. Community Partners International is a nonprofit that empowers vulnerable communities in Asia. It has distributed more than 100,000 water purification tablets, 2,500 hygiene kits and around 50,000 soap packets. Additionally, it provided the Rohingya with 43,000 “household education sessions” to help address the clean water crisis.

Final Remark

Despite efforts, Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar still struggle with clean water access. Continued global support and investment in WASH infrastructure and education are vital to combat waterborne diseases and improve well-being, ensuring safe water remains a priority for these vulnerable communities.

– Lydia Young

Lydia is based in Glasgow, Scotland and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr