, ,

Disability and Poverty in Jamaica

Disability and Poverty in Jamaica Disability and poverty in Jamaica are intertwined, perpetuating a cycle of hardship. Despite the enactment of the 2014 Disabilities Act, which aims to eliminate discrimination and ensure equal rights for persons with disabilities, many still struggle with maintaining a decent quality of life due to systemic barriers and economic instability. Approximately 200,000 Jamaicans live with a disability and they disproportionately suffer from poverty and unemployment. Census data from 2001 revealed that just over 6% of Jamaica’s population or about 160,000 people, identified as living with a disability. Yet, fewer than 1% of these individuals are in paid employment, highlighting the extreme vulnerability of the disabled community in Jamaica.

Challenges for People with Disabilities in Jamaica

Surviving in Jamaica is particularly challenging for people with disabilities who live in poverty. About 15% of the Jamaican population lives with a disability, yet many lack access to high-quality education and employment opportunities. In 2019, the unemployment rate among disabled individuals in Jamaica reached 90%, severely limiting their ability to maintain a satisfactory standard of living. This high unemployment rate restricts their financial ability to afford food and essential items, trapping them in a cycle of poverty. Consequently, many people with disabilities struggle to achieve independence due to insufficient income and barriers to securing housing. Additionally, accessing many public places remains physically challenging for disabled people.

Globally, half of the people living with disabilities cannot afford health care and among those who can access practitioners, more than double report finding their medic’s skills inadequate for their needs. In Jamaica, access to health care, like many other public services, varies widely based on the individual’s location, the nature of their disability, their mobility and ability to communicate with health care professionals. Consequently, certain groups do not receive the necessary level of treatment and fall through the cracks.

Disability Support Initiatives in Jamaica

  • Jamaica Council for Persons with Disabilities (JCPD). JCPD advocates for disabled rights and promotes participatory policies, providing vocational training for persons with disabilities (PWDs). Its programs create pathways out of poverty by improving employability for PWDs.
  • Mustard Seed Communities. The organization provides accommodation, care and vocational training to persons with disabilities, helping them gain independence and learn marketable skills. Its projects focus on engaging participants through practical training in agriculture and construction. Currently, the organization supports more than 440 Jamaicans, including children affected by HIV and teen mothers with their infants.
  • The World Bank. The World Bank has collaborated with Jamaica to enhance the economic inclusion of persons with disabilities through social protection programs. This effort involves collecting data on disabilities to better tailor responses.

Looking Forward

Breaking systemic barriers remains crucial to improving the lives of people with disabilities in Jamaica. Efforts to enhance vocational training, expand employment opportunities and strengthen social protection systems are essential to reducing the socioeconomic disparities they face. By fostering inclusion and accessibility, these ongoing initiatives aim to address the root causes of inequality, offering individuals the chance to lead independent and dignified lives.

– Georgia de Gidlow

Georgia is based in Watford. UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

Alleviating Elderly Poverty in Jordan

Elderly Poverty in Jordan
Jordan suffers from a pension system which is not high enough for the cost of living nor accessible enough to elderly people, particularly women or refugees. This issue has been exacerbated by economic conditions which have worsened since the COVID pandemic and the cost of living crisis – the poverty rate increasing from 13% in 2006 to 24.1% in 2022 – and may continue to worsen with the expected economic fall-out of the Gaza war.

The Issue

Jordan has an ageing population but with additional pressures on its social services from the influx of displaced people. In 2021, only 45.8% of the elderly population in Jordan received pensions and 66% of pensions were below the national poverty line. According to the 2018 HelpAge International survey, two-thirds of older Jordanian men and women had debts.

Older women and elderly refugees are particularly affected: only 16% of older women receive pensions and elderly refugees cannot receive their pensions from Syria, instead they rely on humanitarian assistance. As one older Syrian refugee said: “Having access to my pension would allow me to get back some dignity and live a dignified life. I wish for it every day,” according to HelpAge.

According to HelpAge International, 80% of women in Jordan had never been in official work and were reliant on their husbands’ pensions or provisions from their male children. Reliance on male relatives financially is not only a source of embarrassment for older women but is also insufficient: in 2017 (before the COVID pandemic and cost of living crisis) the annual food and non-food expenditures of a 1–2-member household in Jordan were double an individual annual pension. While employment among women under the age of 60 has increased in recent years, participation of women in the workforce in Jordan is among the lowest in the world, HelpAge International reports.

In addition, although there are positive features to the intergenerational model of “growing old,” this societal expectation stops the proliferation of care-homes and maintains the expectation for daughters and daughter-in-laws to fulfil hands-on caregiving duties, according to the 2021 article.

Syrian Refugees

Jordan is one of the countries which has been highly affected by the Syrian crisis and has absorbed the third highest number of Syrian refugees in the world. It has taken in more than 643,000 and is among the top five highest host countries for refugees per capita.

In 2018, 80% of Syrian refugees in Jordan lived below the poverty line. UNHCR considers old people as one of the most at-risk groups of displaced people.

With less capacity to work, limited access to health care and experiencing loneliness, elderly Syrian refugees cannot return to Syria to obtain the paperwork required for a pension. Even for refugees of working age, it is hard to contribute consistently to the voluntary pension scheme when they often participate in informal forms of work or not at all.

Governmental Efforts

Jordan spends more on social protection systems for the elderly than most countries in the Middle East, evidenced by its many and sometimes duplicated systems: National Aid Fund (NAF), National Zakat Fund (NZF) and Ministry of Social Development (MoSD) all provide emergency cash transfers for the vulnerable. Elderly people in Jordan experiencing poverty can receive the bread subsidy, monthly aid or winter aid programmes of the NAF and the MoSD pays for places in care homes for elderly Jordanians who cannot afford them.

The recent National Strategy for Senior Citizens (2018-2022) focuses on eradicating elderly poverty in Jordan, building a platform for elderly voices in decision-making, providing health care services and establishing care homes. Although its implementation requires reform, these reforms are the basis for a newly formed strategy for 2025-2030. The government also aims to achieve universal health coverage by 2030 and in the meantime has subsidized health care for more than 1.3 million Syrian refugees

These efforts prove the government’s commitment to supporting the vulnerable and elderly living in poverty but cannot replace a social pension which would provide for women, refugees and those who have not been in formal work and are therefore unable to make consistent payments.

NGOs

Jordanian NGO, Tkiyet Um Ali, founded by Princess Haya bint Al Hussein in 2003 is a shining example of a local initiative to eradicate hunger. Tkiyet Um Ali serves across every governate of Jordan those who live below the food poverty line and who do not receive any form of financial contribution. In 2023, it served more than 5 million food parcels and 500,000 hot meals. This is necessary aid and immediate relief for the elderly provided their income is below $19.95 a month, do not receive a pension, are not homeowners nor have an employable male relative over the age of 18 in their family.

HelpAge International provides financial support for the elderly, in cash payments and finding ways for elderly people to create income, particularly within the refugee community in Jordan. They advocate for the strengthening of Jordan’s pension system to a social pension system which does not require previous contributions.

Looking Forward

The good news is that there is a vision to alleviate elderly poverty in Jordan through long-term governmental strategies as well as immediate relief delivered by governmental and non-governmental bodies. These objectives aim to tackle a lot of needs and improvement and reform are paving the way. Strengthening Jordan’s pension system to a non-contributory system would provide necessary access to pensions for all elderly Jordanians, particularly women and refugees. This would be key in restoring dignity and independence in old age. Until then increasing the number of women and refugees in the formal workforce remains a gradual process but one that would lead them to receive pensions.

– Miriam Hulley

Miriam is based in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

A Bright Future for Renewable Energy in South Sudan

Renewable Energy in South Sudan
South Sudan faces significant poverty-related challenges, with more than 82% of the population living in multidimensional poverty. This includes limited access to basic services, such as clean water, health care, education and adequate nutrition. It is also, however, the least electrified. This situation has been exacerbated by ongoing conflicts, economic instability and recurrent climate-related crises such as floods and droughts, which disrupt agriculture and worsen food security. Most of the country’s current energy production comes from generators that burn imported diesel, a costly method both economically and environmentally. According to the World Bank, only 8.4% of the population had reliable access to power and electricity in 2022, leaving the door wide open to produce much-needed renewable energy in South Sudan.

Renewable Energy in South Sudan

Currently, most of the country’s energy production takes place in the capital city of Juba, with very little power infrastructure outside of this hub. Because South Sudan is still in the beginning stages of their infrastructural development, there is a rare opportunity to move forward and address the issue of energy poverty by building sustainable models of electrification, like solar power, without having to dismantle an already existing energy foundation.

Renewable energy can also help build peace in the country. According to UC Berkeley’s Renewable & Appropriate Energy Laboratory, reducing dependency on fossil fuels by increasing access to renewables could lower costs, improve public health and foster socio-economic stability in this conflict-affected country.

Solar Energy and Refrigeration

Solar-powered refrigeration represents a significant advancement in maintaining a consistent and energy-efficient cold chain for vaccines in remote regions. By reducing the need for costly and unreliable fuel-based generators, these solar refrigerators ensure that essential vaccines are safely stored for extended periods. This technology supports better health care access, allowing clinics to keep vaccines on hand and readily available, thus reducing the need for patients to travel frequently and ensuring consistent immunization coverage across rural areas.

CDC Africa began working with South Sudan in Akobo in 2018, installing 90 solar-powered refrigeration units that allow vaccine storage for up to seven days longer than if they arrived straight off of shipment, ensuring vaccine access for thousands more individuals across the country, particularly in rural areas. These refrigerators hold vaccines at near-freezing temperatures throughout their travel. This reduces a significant obstacle to receiving care for preventable diseases in a country where, on average, one out of 17 children die before their first birthday.

Addressing Hunger With Renewable Energy

Almost half of South Sudan’s population is currently facing “crisis-level” hunger, about 6.3 million people. Many households rely on subsistence farming, lacking any means of food storage, leaving them vulnerable to natural disasters. These solar pumps harness the sun to power sensor-driven drip irrigation throughout villages in South Sudan, fostering a sustainable means of agricultural production while fighting increasingly common effects of climate change such as unpredictable floods and droughts, according to the Rainmaker Enterprise.

Solar-powered Water Pumps

Another way forward is the construction of solar-powered water pumps to disperse water to crops all over the country, increasing yields and providing food sources for populations already struggling with hunger and malnutrition.

Since 2020, Rainmaker Enterprise has made serious strides toward expanding locally-driven, solar-powered water security, increasing environmental resilience and decreasing reliance on expensive, polluting fuels. In 2020, Rainmaker finished installing their first solar-powered irrigation system in Thiet, South Sudan, serving more than 3,000 people. Their holistic approach broadened regenerative agriculture over a 12-acre plot, co-designing projects with communities, installing solar-powered drip irrigation pumps, training and employing farmers and supporting distribution.

Off-Grid Expansion and ApTech Africa

Off-grid expansion could be a major step towards increasing access to and awareness of renewable energy in South Sudan. Distributed renewable energy, or decentralized energy access, brings power directly to rural and underserved communities without relying on a centralized grid. This approach not only accelerates electrification but also empowers local communities by providing them with a sustainable and resilient energy source tailored to their specific needs. Additionally, off-grid systems—such as solar home kits and mini-grids—reduce dependency on costly and polluting fuels, creating a pathway for long-term economic growth and environmental benefits.

ApTech Africa, established in South Sudan in 2011, specializes in delivering off-grid solar solutions and home energy systems tailored to meet the needs of underserved communities. By installing reliable and sustainable solar-powered systems, ApTech Africa empowers households with clean energy, improving access to electricity, enhancing quality of life and supporting long-term environmental and economic sustainability. Furthermore, in 2016, ApTech Africa marked a significant milestone in increasing renewable energy in South Sudan by commissioning photovoltaic (PV) systems for teaching institutions, pioneering the use of lithium-ion battery technology in the region. These systems enabled schools to operate seamlessly without dependence on unreliable grid connections or expensive diesel generators. This project was among the first of its kind in South Sudan, showcasing an innovative approach to providing reliable, off-grid energy solutions. 

Looking Ahead

South Sudan is at a crossroads in terms of its ability to electrify the nation. Looking forward, the path toward clean, renewable energy is both cost-effective and environmentally conscious, resulting in increased energy security, sustainability and community resilience. As renewable projects like UNMISS’s solar farm in Juba illustrate, investing in solar and other renewable infrastructure can significantly improve access to electricity for both urban and rural populations, stimulating economic growth and enhancing quality of life across the nation.

– Katherine Ager

Katherine is based in Bulubandi, Iganga, Uganda and focuses on Global Health and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

How a Civil War is Intensifying Poverty in Sudan 

Poverty in Sudan 
Before the outbreak of civil war in 2023, Sudan was already in perilous danger, having a staggering MPI (Multidimensional Poverty Index) of 52.3% in 2014. Almost 16 million people needed humanitarian aid, which has continued to spiral. Fueled by the fire of a gruesome civil war which has already claimed the lives of an estimated 20,000 people. With poverty in Sudan already reaching disastrous levels, the civil war has plunged the country’s population into further despair.

A Brief Explanation of the Civil War

After Omar al-Bashir was ousted from power in 2019, there was a new government structure. The idea behind the new government was to transition to a more democratic system. However, as the years passed, this seemed to become less and less likely. When Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok resigned in January 2022, a power struggle emerged. The two people at the epicenter of this struggle were Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (head of the armed forces) and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (deputy head of the armed forces and leader of the Rapid Support Forces).

Violence loomed over Sudan for the next year however, the two factions did not come to blows until April 2023. With both al-Burhan and Dagalo refusing to give up the fight, this civil war has rumbled on for more than 18 months and there seems to be no end in sight.

The Toll of Civil War and Poverty in Sudan

The civil war has taken an extraordinary toll on the people of Sudan. Eleven million civilians have already been displaced, 8.1 million of which are yet to leave Sudan, according to the International Rescue Committee (IRC). Its capital Khartoum, which was once a bustling city full of life and activity has now become a mere wasteland due to the intensity of the fighting. Sudan’s health systems have been left decimated by the conflict. According to UNICEF, 70% of the health facilities in conflict-affected areas are currently unable to function. Furthermore, the war has halted Sudan’s youth from being able to access education.

In October 2023, UNICEF estimated that in Sudan, one in every three children lost “access to school due to increased violence and insecurity.” Poverty in Sudan poses a long-term problem as without adequate education, Sudan risks having a grossly underdeveloped workforce, making it even more difficult to grow their economy in the long run.

International Aid to Address Poverty in Sudan

The reaction from the West has been positive. In August 2024, U.K. Development Minister, Anneliese Dodds announced that an additional £15 million would go to Sudan, South Sudan and Chad to help avert the humanitarian crisis. With this increase, the U.K. ODA (official development assistance) given to Sudan rose to £97 million.

The U.S. response has been a similar one. The U.S. remains the largest contributor of foreign aid to Sudan, having donated $1.4 billion since 2022, $980 million of which has come from USAID.

Whilst the increase in aid to Sudan is a step in the right direction, the humanitarian crisis is still ever-present, leading many to question whether there is anywhere near enough funding for the people of Sudan. Furthermore, there seems to be very little from the U.S. and U.K. about how it will attempt to reduce poverty in Sudan as this issue was a disastrous problem even before the civil war.

Light at the End of the Tunnel

While the majority of scenes that we are seeing in Sudan are horrific, there are some true heroes in the conflict. One of which is CARE International, a non-governmental organization (NGO), that works “around the globe to save lives, defeat poverty and achieve social justice.”

The organization which began work in Sudan in 1979, has carried out some truly inspiring work and since the outbreak of civil war, has helped more than 6,000 internally displaced people to receive emergency food rations in the city of Kassala. In East Darfur, CARE has “reached 1,303 children with food rations.”

Another NGO involved in the humanitarian efforts is the International Rescue Committee, which began work in Sudan in 1981. The organization has set up a clinic on the border of neighboring country Chad, to cater to refugees who are fleeing Sudan.

The work of NGOs is crucial in easing the humanitarian crisis caused by the civil war; however, the scale of the crisis in Sudan is enormous and will almost certainly need further assistance from countries across the world.

– Andrew Nicoll

Andrew is based in Long Melford, Suffolk, UK and focuses on Business and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pexels

, ,

Initiatives that Empower Girls’ Education in India

Girls’ Education in India
Only one in three girls in India complete secondary school. High-quality girls’ education is crucial in equipping girls with the right skills for equal job opportunities to boys and in escaping generational poverty. When women can earn money, they are also able to contribute back to their community. Although poverty rates in 2023 have fallen to around 5%, inequality has risen in India. Gender disparities including in literacy and education have resulted in poverty rates for women to be 21%, compared to 15% for men. Therefore, these initiatives focused on girls’ education in India have been significant in reducing poverty and improving India’s overall economy.

Nearly one in four girls in India are in a marriage or union before their 18th birthday, primarily due to their families’ financial struggles and deep-rooted social norms. Early and child marriages are highly prevalent in Indian societies, disproportionately impacting girls and their education as their priorities change to domestic duties. A lack of feminine hygiene systems in schools and parent’s awareness about the importance of girl’s education, also challenge girls’ education in India. After voicing these concerns, initiatives have been implemented to begin to overcome these challenges and empower girls’ education in India.

UNICEF and Gender Equality

UNICEF India’s 2018-2022 initiative aims to improve India’s overall gender equality. Many girls in particular drop out of school early because of marriage. Consequently, adult literacy in India is lower among women than men. UNICEF’s initiatives have been productive on a national and district level, having supported large government programs in reducing child marriage and Panchayats in becoming “child marriage free.”

For example, by making it easier to report a child’s marriage to the authorities and promoting girls’ education rather than marriage. It is more likely for girls to stay in education when they postpone marriage beyond the legal age, which results in a more educated and empowered population. Women’s literacy levels are also important for their health and their ability to access help in case of domestic abuse.

UNICEF advocates for a more gender-responsive approach to the curriculum. This includes changing the language and images in textbooks to not perpetuate gender stereotypes and encouraging more women to pursue STEM subjects. Facilitating girls’ and boys’ clubs- those who are out of school and most vulnerable can safely continue their learning. UNICEF also encourages girls to participate in sports and activities such as photography.

The WASH program improved schools’ infrastructure and girls’ access to menstrual hygiene management. For example, under law, it is now mandatory for schools to provide well-equipped, separate gendered bathrooms.

Government Schemes

Launched in 2015, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) aims to address gender inequality by educating locals about the importance of investing in girl’s education. By openly challenging the social norm of girls’ education, it makes social policies that tackle gender inequality more effective. For example, introducing families to girls’ scholarships at university. Through the program, local data about girls’ education could also be analyzed, including which areas girls were most vulnerable to dropping out of school and identifying where extra support is needed to bridge India’s gender educational gap.

Looking Ahead

Although the gender gap in India’s education remains, its government and UNICEF initiatives have been foundational in India’s progress toward greater quality and access to girls’ education. Continuing to highlight and celebrate the benefits of empowering girls’ education could lead to greater social policy changes that reduce gender inequality as well as overall poverty in India.

– Liling Zhang

Liling is based in Manchester, UK and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pixabay

, ,

Luminus Education Model in Jordan

Luminus: New Education Model Emerges in JordanThe Middle East and North Africa have some of the highest youth unemployment rates in the world; 24% of individuals aged 15 to 24 are unemployed, which is double the global average. In Jordan, the rate reached 40.8% among 15 to 24-year-olds in 2023, with women in that age group experiencing an even higher rate of more than 47%. Traditionally, young Jordanians have pursued university education, while vocational training has been considered a secondary option. However, the university route has resulted in 25% of graduates remaining unemployed, lacking the skills the job market demands.

Bridging the Skills Gap Through Vocational Training

To address this issue, the Jordanian social enterprise Luminus offers high-quality vocational education tailored to meet labor demands and bridge the skills gap for young people. Focused on supporting low-to-middle-income households, refugees and women, Luminus provides financial assistance to underrepresented groups in the labor market. Remarkably, 40% of its students are refugees or from underserved communities. With more than 40,000 graduates, Luminus has achieved significant success; 80% of its students secure employment upon completing their courses.

Transforming Education and Cultivating Entrepreneurship

Since Ibrahim Safidi took over Al-Quds College from his father in 1999, his primary mission has been to improve the lives and incomes of Jordanian youth. He identified a significant gap between the skills of Jordanian youth and the demands of the job market and he responded by emphasizing vocational training tailored to those needs. Under his leadership, Luminus Education set three main goals: job security, social stability and economic growth. In 2017, Al-Quds College transformed into Luminus Technological University College and expanded its offerings to include 10 specialized schools. These schools focus on disciplines such as civil, construction, mechanical and electrical engineering, computing, medical sciences, automotive technology, beauty, media, tourism and hospitality. Additionally, the university introduced an entrepreneurship pathway that has incubated more than 120 startups.

Empowering Vulnerable Communities

Luminus Education’s employment hub model uniquely combines building strong relationships with employers, analyzing private sector demands and providing thorough career and interview training for students. This approach is successfully countering the cultural norm that values theoretical education as the only desirable path for school-leavers. In 2018, half of its students had the qualifications for university but opted for Luminus’ vocational pathways instead. The system is holistic and caters to both students and employers by maintaining connections with hundreds of employers across Jordan, monitoring workforce demands and skills and incorporating these into its vocational training programs. Additionally, Luminus offers English language and soft skills training alongside career counseling services, which are essential for enhancing student employability.

Accessibility for the Vulnerable

Luminus Education initially provided Syrian refugees, who make up 10% of Jordan’s population, with scholarships covering 50% of tuition fees but soon realized this was insufficient. Consequently, the institution secured $37 million in grants through international partnerships to support refugee education further. Additionally, its new campus in Irbid, ShamalStart, enhances access to education for the northern population, particularly the significant refugee community there. This initiative has led to refugees comprising 25% of the student body, with 40% of all students receiving full scholarships. Luminus Education also plays a crucial role in upskilling vulnerable youth and young adults. In collaboration with Jordan’s Ministry of Labour, which funds vocational training for these groups, Luminus ensures students secure employment upon completing their courses.

Advocacy and Expansion

In 2023, female unemployment in Jordan ranked as the 10th highest globally, reaching an alarming 47%. In contrast, in 2018, 44% of Luminus Education’s student body were women. Luminus actively seeks to shift perceptions of women in the workforce and address family concerns through initiatives like “bring your father to work days” and one-to-one counseling with parents. The institution collaborates with employers across Jordan to adapt workplaces to be more inclusive for women, including advocating for hospitality sector employers to permit women to wear the hijab at work.

Looking Forward

Local enterprise Luminus Education addresses Jordan’s need to upskill its youth through international partnerships, including the International Finance Corporation, Agence Française de Développement and the European Union (EU), providing crucial education grants. With a campus already established in Iraq, Luminus Education Group plans to expand its tailored programs to new campuses in Jordan and throughout the Middle East, including Lebanon and Egypt, in the coming years.

– Miriam Hulley

Miriam is based in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK and focuses on Business and Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

Financial inclusion for women in South Asia

Financial inclusion for women in South AsiaFinancial inclusion for women in South Asia is emerging as a powerful tool to foster empowerment in a region where gender disparities persist, particularly in education, employment and economic independence. As financial literacy programs and access to banking services become more accessible, women are not only gaining greater control over their finances but also starting businesses that contribute to the growth of local economies and communities. In countries like India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, financial inclusion initiatives are reshaping the lives of women, helping them break free from traditional barriers and boosting their confidence as entrepreneurs.

The Importance of Financial Literacy for Women

Financial literacy is an essential skill that enables individuals to make informed decisions about budgeting, saving and investing. However, in many South Asian countries, women have traditionally had limited access to financial services and education. Societal norms often discourage women from engaging in economic activities outside the home. In some cases, women have little control over household finances, making it difficult to save, invest or manage money effectively.

Programs aimed at financial inclusion for women in South Asia are helping to close this gap. In particular, initiatives that educate women on personal finance and entrepreneurship are proving to be transformative. These programs equip women with the necessary knowledge to manage their money and budget and understand financial products like loans, insurance and investments. By providing this essential education, women in South Asia are empowered to take charge of their financial futures and pursue entrepreneurial endeavors.

Case Studies From South Asia

Several countries in South Asia have made significant strides in promoting financial inclusion for women. India, for example, has seen remarkable progress through government-backed initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), which aims to provide access to banking for all citizens, including the unbanked, particularly women. Since its launch in 2014, millions of women have opened bank accounts and gained access to financial services. This initiative has helped women build savings, secure loans and improve their financial literacy, enabling them to take control of their lives and make financial decisions without relying solely on male family members.

In Bangladesh, organizations like the Grameen Bank have pioneered the concept of microfinance and microloans, specifically targeting women in rural areas. These small loans have empowered women to start small businesses, such as selling goods or providing services, thus promoting economic independence. The success of microfinance has not only helped women become entrepreneurs but also created a ripple effect in their communities. Women who benefit from microloans are often able to support their families better, improve access to education for their children and contribute to the overall economic development of their villages.

Pakistan, too, has seen an increase in financial inclusion initiatives aimed at women. The State Bank of Pakistan introduced the “First Women Bank Limited” (FWBL), which provides services tailored to women’s financial needs. The bank offers microcredit loans, savings accounts and other financial services to women in rural and urban areas alike. The bank’s mission is to empower women by providing them with the financial resources needed to build businesses and support their families. Along with microfinance, Pakistan has also seen an expansion of mobile banking services, which have helped bridge the financial inclusion gap for women in remote areas.

Impact on Women’s Lives, Families and Communities

The impact of financial inclusion for women in South Asia extends beyond the individual. When women are financially empowered, their families and communities benefit as well. Studies have shown that when women control financial resources, they are more likely to invest in their children’s education, health and well-being. This creates a positive feedback loop where empowered women uplift entire communities.

Furthermore, financial inclusion programs for South Asian women play a crucial role in reducing poverty. By helping women access loans, savings accounts and financial education, these programs provide the tools necessary to lift families out of poverty and increase overall economic stability. With greater access to financial resources, women can start businesses, create jobs and contribute to the broader economy.

Investing in Women’s Financial Education

The evidence is clear: investing in financial inclusion for women in South Asia is crucial for sustainable development and poverty reduction. By providing women with the knowledge and tools to manage money, start businesses and access financial services, financial inclusion programs are breaking down the barriers that have traditionally kept women from reaching their full potential. As more women in South Asia gain access to financial resources, they are not only improving their own lives but also contributing to the economic growth and development of their countries.

Empowering women through financial inclusion is a key step toward creating a more equitable and prosperous future for South Asia. With continued investment in women’s financial education, the region is on the path to creating a more inclusive and sustainable economy.

– Alaya Laila

Alaya is based in Abuja, Nigeria and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

, ,

The Global Fight for Healthy Diets

Healthy DietsCurrently, 3 billion people cannot afford a healthy diet and the effects of COVID-19 on trade means more nutritious diets are becoming a luxury and a marker of global economic inequality. The global fight for healthy diets ties in with the battle to eradicate poverty and is now at the forefront of campaigns by international institutions and charities.

Recent Causes: COVID-19 and Inflation

International institutions such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and U.N. agencies such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) continuously recommend how countries can promote healthier diets. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trade and inflation meant the most impoverished could not afford a healthy diet. In 2021, the average cost of a healthy diet was 4.3% higher than in 2020 and 6.7% higher than in 2019. This meant that 42% of the world’s population could not afford a healthy diet in 2021, an increase of 134 million people compared to 2019.

Although most countries experienced a rebound in gross domestic product (GDP) after the pandemic, the unequal pattern of economic recovery means lower-middle-income countries continue to face a rise in the cost of a healthy diet. The Food Standards Agency in the U.K. found that COVID-19 triggered many British citizens to prepare healthy main meals. However, the pandemic did not change attitudes toward healthy eating in 12 other countries, where 90% of the population cannot afford a nutritious diet consistently.

In Africa, 78% of people cannot afford a healthy diet, compared to just 1% in North America and Europe. The impact of COVID-19 on developing countries has reinforced the need for international institutions to intensify efforts in promoting healthy diets through campaigns and collaborative initiatives.

U.N. and WHO 

The U.N. and WHO have collaborated extensively in the global fight for healthy diets. In 2021, they established the Coalition of Action for Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems for All (HDSFS) to promote sustainable food systems that support healthy diets.

Additionally, the School Meals Coalition was launched to ensure that every child in need has access to at least one nutritious school meal by 2030. Both coalitions focus on improving the food supply chain, enhancing the affordability and appeal of nutritious foods and educating families about the benefits of a healthy diet.

GAIN

The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is a Swiss-based foundation focusing on reducing global malnutrition through sustainable and affordable solutions. In 2018, the foundation partnered with local authorities in Indonesia to enhance the domestic fish supply. The following year, it collaborated with Kaduna State in Nigeria on the “Eggs Make Kids” campaign. The organization has made remarkable strides in combating global hunger, impacting more than one billion people worldwide by promoting and providing access to healthy diets.

Bloomberg Philanthropies

Bloomberg Philanthropies launched a Food Policy Program with a $435 million commitment to help public health advocates promote healthy diets in low- and middle-income countries. Recently, this commitment facilitated the creation of the Vital Strategies Healthy Food Policy Fellowship, which financially supports Ph.D. candidates from countries like Brazil pursuing a field of study related to building healthier diets through their national public policy.

Looking Forward

The rising cost of healthy diets disproportionately impacts the poorest populations, increasing their risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This challenge is particularly burdensome for low- and middle-income countries, as unhealthy diets contribute to 70% of global hidden costs associated with NCDs. Promoting healthy diets is a major focus for international institutions and charities, given its critical connection to global development and poverty eradication efforts.

“Healthy diets and sustainably produced, safe food for all is not an out of reach aspiration, but an unavoidable component of global development, a human right and an achievable goal which can be realized through clear, well established and aligned actions,” said Dr. Francesco Branca, WHO Director of Nutrition and Food Safety.

– Sofia Brooke

Sofia is based in Oxfordshire, UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

,

5 Grassroots Organizations Tackling Poverty

Grassroots Organizations Tackling PovertyGrassroots organizations are groups of civilians advocating for a cause with solutions from the bottom up. This could include teaching communities skills that help them economically or providing them with the equipment to create their own gardens and food resources. However, as opposed to traditional aid, grassroots organizations tend to focus on the community rather than the hardship, working with them to address their needs and create a sustainable way of tackling the issue. Here are five grassroots organizations tackling poverty from the ground up.

Stand By Me Lesvos

Founded in 2017, Stand By Me Lesvos (SBML) is dedicated to supporting refugee communities on the island through a variety of projects aimed at improving their quality of life. One of SBML’s key initiatives is its educational programs. By offering language courses and other skills training, SBML works with both refugees and local residents to bridge cultural gaps and provide those in need with the tools necessary to integrate into the community and find work on the island.

SBML works to help cultivate a community that helps those in poverty, with both the locals and the refugee communities receiving the skills they need to help tackle poverty themselves rather than rely on aid from governments or larger organizations.

British Ukrainian Aid

British Ukrainian Aid is dedicated to supporting those affected by health poverty in Ukraine, directly improving the health of Ukrainians by providing first aid kits and medical care to those in war zones. One of its recent initiatives involved using ambulances and evacuation vehicles to give people in these areas access to emergency transport, helping to save the lives of those injured.

The organization also ensures that medical professionals in Ukraine have access to life-saving machines like Ultrasound, anesthetic and C-arm machines, providing accessible emergency health care for Ukrainians. The British Ukrainian Aid proudly describes itself as a grassroots charity, emphasizing how important it is for communities to help other groups stand independently.

SOS Children’s Villages

SOS Children’s Villages is a global organization established in 1949 in the aftermath of the Second World War when many children were left orphaned, displaced and living in poverty. The organization is committed to helping children separated from their parents by integrating them into new families and protecting them from the hardships often faced by orphans and vulnerable youth. Whether through rehoming children or reuniting them with their families, SOS Children’s Villages works to ensure their safety and well-being. The organization provides a supportive community that functions as a family and helps to lift them out of poverty during their most vulnerable years.

Plan International

Plan International has helped more than 10,000 girls and boys from 10 countries affected by conflict, working to ensure that every child has a safe environment protected from violence and the impacts of poverty. The organization focuses on empowering those in vulnerable situations and helping to improve their social standing through initiatives like “Real Choices, Real Lives.” This program encourages open discussions about taboo topics, such as sexual and reproductive health, with girls in Benin, aiming to educate and normalize conversations about sexual well-being.

Save! Foundation

Save! Foundation works to improve the quality of life for vulnerable communities across Africa through a wide range of initiatives, including wildlife conservation, health care and education. The foundation focuses on empowering local populations by providing skills and resources to foster sustainable futures. Committed to tackling all aspects of poverty, Save! Foundation designs its projects to reduce dependency and help people break free from the cycle of poverty.

One notable initiative includes the creation of vegetable gardens. The initiative supports local soup kitchens that provide hot meals to those in need. Through these efforts, Save! Foundation emphasizes the importance of grassroots organizations tackling poverty. Indeed, the organization continues to enable communities to become self-sufficient and resilient.

– Caitlin Mulholland

Caitlin is based in Lymington, UK and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

, ,

Nigeria’s Nonoil Exports Reach $4.52 Billion

Nigeria's Nonoil Exports Reach $4.52 BillionNigeria, naturally endowed with various resources, has the potential to rank among the world’s top emerging economies. Unfortunately, the nation has not fully capitalized on the economic prosperity expected from such wealth. Global economic indices from reputable international organizations consistently categorize it as an underperforming economy. For instance, in 2005, the UNDP Human Development Index placed the country 164th among 197 nations for low per capita income and 141st for low quality of life. Research using the ARDL approach indicates that with proper management, Nigeria’s nonoil exports could significantly reduce poverty, transform rural areas, create jobs, ensure food security and improve the nutritional health of its people, similar to the oil sector.

Growth Through Nonoil Exports

Nigeria’s recent surge in nonoil exports represents a vital boost for the national economy and a significant step toward poverty alleviation. By expanding nonoil exports, Nigeria is creating new job opportunities, encouraging local industry growth and reducing its dependence on oil, often subjecting it to volatile global oil prices. This economic diversification strengthens the country’s resilience against economic shocks. It helps lift many Nigerians out of poverty by providing more consistent income sources in agriculture, manufacturing and other nonoil sectors.

In 2023, Nigeria’s nonoil export sector surged, achieving a total export value of $4.52 billion from 6.685 million metric tonnes of products. This 28.04% increase from the previous year underscores Nigeria’s focused efforts to reduce its reliance on oil and diversify its economy. The Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) celebrated this achievement at a recognition dinner in Lagos, attended by major stakeholders in the nonoil sector.

International Trade Agreements

Nonye Ayeni, the Executive Director/CEO of the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC), recently highlighted the success of Nigeria’s nonoil exports in 2023, which showcased the country’s capacity to diversify its economy. Nigeria exported more than 273 unique products, including urea, cocoa beans, sesame seeds, soybeans, gold ore, cashew nuts, aluminum ingots and hibiscus flowers, to various global markets, significantly bolstering its foreign exchange inflows and supporting the naira’s stability. This growth in Nigeria’s nonoil export sector marks a promising shift, underscoring the potential to generate sustainable revenue beyond oil.

Further reinforcing this strategic focus, Dr. Doris Uzoka-Anite, Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, discussed Nigeria’s recent trade agreements with nations such as the United Kingdom, the United States, China and India. These agreements aim to remove trade barriers and open international markets, supporting the growth of Nigeria’s nonoil exports. The government has also bolstered this sector by improving exporters’ access to financing through partnerships with the Bank of Industry (BOI) and Nexim Bank, offering single-digit interest rates to support their expansion. This comprehensive approach demonstrates Nigeria’s commitment to fostering an economically resilient nonoil sector, pivotal for stabilizing the country’s long-term economic growth trajectory.

The “Double Our Nonoil Export, DONE” Initiative

The Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) has launched the “Double Our Nonoil Export, DONE” initiative, which aims to bolster Nigeria’s nonoil export sector. Nonye Ayeni, the Executive Director/CEO of NEPC, highlighted that this initiative aligns with the country’s economic revitalization strategy, focusing on key objectives such as job creation, poverty alleviation and sustainable economic growth. The plan includes prioritizing 20 key products, supporting 10 leading exporters for each product and identifying five international markets for expansion.

The Export Support Officers (ESO) program, a significant aspect of this initiative, assigns dedicated officers to help major exporters overcome operational challenges. This program is expected to streamline business processes, further enabling Nigerian exporters to strengthen their presence in international markets. Through these ongoing efforts, Nigeria’s nonoil export sector is positioned for growth, enhancing the country’s economic stability and resilience, which in turn enhances living standards and economic stability for communities, ultimately contributing to poverty reduction.

Government Support for Export Manufacturing

At the event, Uzoka-Anite commended the achievements of the top 30 companies involved in export manufacturing, emphasizing that the government would continue to encourage industrialization and processing of raw materials for export. Such strategies, she argued, increase revenue and create employment opportunities. The government also introduced tax credits, reduced tariffs and other incentives to ensure the continued growth of the nonoil sector. “We want to enhance our industrialization efforts and support businesses by offering access to financing, market entry support and operational resources,” Uzoka-Anite explained.

The NEPC’s latest achievements in nonoil trade reflect Nigeria’s ability to become a competitive player in global markets. The efforts to prioritize value-added sectors indicate a clear direction in Nigeria’s economic transformation strategy, which aligns with the country’s broader industrial and trade goals.

Nigeria’s Path to a More Diversified Economy

Nigeria’s Path to a More Diversified Economy The nonoil sector has been a focal point in government policy, as the country aims to reduce its vulnerability to the fluctuations of oil prices on the global market. By boosting sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing, Nigeria is establishing a more sustainable path for long-term economic growth. The NEPC’s investment in quality standards and enhanced market access for Nigerian goods reflects the agency’s commitment to enhancing the global competitiveness of the country’s nonoil exports. 

The recent success in nonoil exports, as recognized by the nation, is that Nigeria is on the right track. Ayeni expressed her optimism about the future of the sector, commending the resilience of Nigerian exporters and the critical role they play in diversifying the economy. As Nigeria continues to attract foreign investment and prioritize nonoil products, the country’s economic landscape is poised for substantial growth in the coming years.

Building on Progress

Nigeria’s nonoil export growth has set a new precedent for economic diversification in the country. With initiatives like the DONE program, partnerships with financial institutions and government support for exporters, Nigeria is laying the foundation for a rich and diversified economy. As Ayeni and Uzoka-Anite emphasized, the government and the NEPC are committed to creating an environment conducive to export growth, marking a promising future for Nigeria’s nonoil sector.

– Alaya Laila

Alaya is based in Abuja, Nigeria and focuses on Business and New Markets for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr