Archive for category: Global Poverty

Key articles and information on global poverty.

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Alleviating Poverty With Microsoft’s AI for Good Lab

Microsoft’s AI for Good LabArtificial Intelligence (AI) holds significant potential in addressing global challenges, including poverty and hunger. By harnessing vast amounts of data, AI technologies can offer innovative solutions to complex problems faced by vulnerable populations. Microsoft’s AI for Good Lab is at the forefront of these efforts, providing critical tools and insights to mitigate the impacts of poverty and hunger around the world.

Using AI to Predict and Prevent Food Insecurity

Food insecurity remains one of the most significant challenges in poverty alleviation. In collaboration with Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Microsoft’s AI For Good Lab conducted a study that applied machine learning to address food insecurity. The study utilized data from household surveys collected by CRS teams on the ground in southern Malawi. By integrating this data with advanced machine learning algorithms, the research developed a model capable of predicting food insecurity at the household level.

The model achieved an 83% accuracy rate in forecasting food security outcomes, providing accurate predictions up to four months in advance, demonstrating the potential of combining ongoing survey data with machine learning to offer near real-time predictive insights. With such technologies continuing to develop further, early warnings and AI predictions could help allow governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to take preemptive actions, such as distributing food supplies or providing financial assistance to vulnerable populations.

Enhancing Agricultural Productivity Through AI

Agriculture is a critical sector for poverty alleviation, particularly in developing countries where a significant portion of the population depends on farming for their livelihood. Microsoft’s AI for Good initiative has made substantial contributions to enhancing agricultural productivity through the use of AI-driven technologies. One prominent initiative involves the use of AI to provide precision farming solutions. Microsoft has developed AI tools that analyze a wide range of data, including soil health, crop conditions and local weather forecasts, to offer tailored advice to farmers.

For example, the AI platform FarmBeats, developed by Microsoft, collects and analyzes data from sensors placed in fields, drones and satellites. This information is then used to give farmers specific recommendations on when to plant crops, how much water and fertilizer to use and when to harvest. Moreover, Microsoft’s AI tools are designed to be accessible even in low-resource settings. The platform works with low-bandwidth connections and integrates with affordable sensors, making it a viable solution for farmers in remote areas. This democratization of technology is a key factor in its effectiveness, ensuring that even the most marginalized farmers can benefit from AI advancements.

Mapping Vulnerable Populations With AI

Understanding the geographical distribution of vulnerable populations is crucial for effective poverty alleviation efforts. Microsoft’s AI for Good Lab, in collaboration with organizations like Planet and IHME, has developed advanced AI models to map these populations with precision. These AI models can detect patterns that indicate where populations are at the greatest risk of disasters, allowing NGOs and governments to effectively prioritize regions for infrastructure development, disaster preparedness and resource allocation.

Moreover, these AI-powered maps are not only valuable for disaster response but also for long-term planning. By identifying trends in population movement and environmental changes, policymakers can develop more sustainable poverty alleviation strategies that account for future risks and changes that may have disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations. This proactive approach is essential in ensuring that poverty reduction efforts are resilient to the impacts of rising temperatures and an ever-changing world.

The Future of AI in Poverty Alleviation

Microsoft’s AI for Good Lab is leading the charge in using AI to address some of the most significant challenges in poverty alleviation. From predicting food insecurity and enhancing agricultural productivity to mapping vulnerable populations, AI is playing a transformative role in creating a more equitable world.

– Sophia Lee

Sophia is based in Media, PA, USA and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Kalahari Resorts and Conventions’ Partnership with charity: water

Kalahari Resorts and Conventions' Partnership with charity: waterKalahari Resorts and Conventions’ partnership with charity: water on the Water Colors Life Project, aims to provide clean drinking water to 1 million Africans. Kalahari has pledged to raise $50 million for this cause. Since initiating this partnership, Kalahari has supported dozens of water projects in Madagascar, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Mali, Tanzania, Malawi and Sierra Leone, bringing drinking water to thousands who previously lacked access.

Charity: Water and Kalahari’s Role

Charity: water, founded in 2006, aims to end the global water crisis by ensuring worldwide access to clean water. This nonprofit organization has funded more than 154,000 water projects in 29 countries, including Haiti, Honduras, Niger and Thailand. As of 2024, it has provided more than 18 million people with access to clean water and this number continues to rise.

Kalahari, an African-themed water park and resort, operates four locations across the United States (U.S.), with a fifth under construction. Inspired by founder Todd Nelson’s visit to Africa in the mid-1990s, the park uniquely combines water attractions with African themes. Nelson and his family opened the first location in Wisconsin Dells in May 2000 and have since expanded their operations.

Kalahari has not yet fulfilled its $50 million pledge, but the company is making significant progress toward doing so, with the assistance of charity: water and its resources. This initiative aims to provide Africans with a stable source of clean water, enabling them to focus more on creativity and education. Ultimately, Kalahari’s efforts will have successfully provided water access to one million Africans.

Empowering Rural Communities

Charity: Water reports that 703 million people globally lack access to clean drinking water, often burdening women and children in African rural areas with the daily task of water collection. This task is time-consuming and the water is frequently contaminated, posing serious health risks. To address this crisis, Kalahari Resorts and Conventions has partnered with charity: water to provide clean drinking water to one million Africans, committing $50 million to equip many rural communities with clean water sources. This initiative aims to reduce the time spent on water collection and the incidence of waterborne diseases. Scott Harrison, CEO of charity: water notes that, “Having a reliable water source close to home allows communities to focus on other imperative needs like education, food resourcing and sustainability and arts and creativity.” 

Enhancing Local Economies and Education

Reliable clean water promotes proper hygiene and healthier communities. When women and children are freed from the task of collecting water, they can explore creative avenues and pursue education. For instance, Kalahari’s commitment to this cause supported the installation of a borehole at the Chitungwiza Art Center in Zimbabwe. This not only provides the community with reliable water but also enables artists to use this resource to create and sell art, generating income. Kalahari has purchased authentic African art for display in its resorts. Additionally, access to clean water allows children more time to attend school, where they learn about hygiene and benefit from facilities like clean bathrooms. This shift from laborious water collection to educational opportunities fosters a more productive learning environment.

Implementation and Community Engagement

Charity: Water collaborates with local partners, including NGOs and nonprofits, to strategically plan and implement water projects in communities. These ongoing initiatives involve drilling wells, installing sand filters, building latrines and setting up water purification systems. The organization works closely with community leaders to foster educational programs on hygiene and ensure the sustainability of water resources through ongoing data collection and community engagement. The ultimate goal of charity: water is to reduce the number of people worldwide without access to clean water. Currently, one in 10 people lacks access to safe drinking water, leading to severe health issues. By providing clean water, charity: water aims to enable more children to pursue education and improve their quality of life. This effort is transformative, especially in regions where access to clean water can be life-changing.

Looking Ahead

Kalahari Resorts and Conventions’ partnership with charity: water, is working to provide clean drinking water to one million Africans. With a $50 million pledge, Kalahari is making substantial progress in supporting water projects across several African countries, including Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Sierra Leone. This initiative is not only improving access to clean water but also empowering communities. By reducing the time spent on water collection, a greater focus can be placed on education and economic activities.

– Sabrina Betterly

Sabrina is based in Drums, PA, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Voluntary Service Overseas Helps People in Developing Nations

Voluntary Service OverseasWhile many organizations work with people in developing nations experiencing poverty and other hardships, Voluntary Service Overseas works in a way that makes them stand out from the crowd. This is because it helps people in developing nations not by merely providing aid but by working closely with people living in poverty and members of marginalized groups to determine what is preventing them from being able to meet their needs and breaking down these barriers.

Three-Point Strategy

Voluntary Service Overseas supports people in developing nations in three key ways. First, with the help of local and international volunteers, the organization collaborates with communities to design programs that identify specific needs. This approach allows volunteers to build strong relationships with community members.

The second step focuses on helping locals develop the skills and knowledge needed to improve their lives. As a result of learning new skills, community members often become volunteers themselves and carry on the organization’s work long after they have left, which is the program’s final step.

Rwanda and Bangladesh

Voluntary Service Overseas helps people in developing nations across the globe. In Bangladesh, the organization provides education for Rohingya refugees ages 3 to 5, teaching them the basics of literacy and numeracy to give them a strong start on the path to education. Older children also benefit from the program through 12 learning centers that offer education and a much-needed respite from the challenges of living in a refugee camp. The program has been tremendously successful, reaching more than 6,600 refugee children ages 3 to 14.

Voluntary Service Overseas also supports marginalized groups in Rwanda, focusing on Deaf young people. Volunteers provide lessons in Rwandan sign language and Deaf culture to 200 local health care professionals, enabling them to offer vital sexual and reproductive health information to 250 Deaf young people. As sexual and reproductive health information becomes more accessible, the overall health of both hearing and Deaf communities improves. Health care professionals also benefit from the program by better understanding how to communicate with and treat Deaf patients. This reduces miscommunication and language barriers, enhancing the quality of care they provide to members of the Deaf community.

Cambodia

Cambodia is another country where Voluntary Service Overseas helps people in need. Through its GREEN program, the organization helps protect the fishing industry in the region’s Tonle Sap Lake from adverse weather, deforestation, domestic and industrial sewage and other factors affecting water quality and the habitat of native fish. This is achieved by educating locals on more environmentally friendly ways of living through theater and outreach from local volunteers.

The organization also works in collaboration with local businesses by helping them establish alternative waste management strategies that have less of an impact on the lake’s cleanliness. Local schools and families are also educated on these strategies, allowing the future generation to continue protecting the environment when they enter the world of work. This program has had a positive impact on the ecosystem of Cambodia, with 70% of families adopting more environmentally friendly ways of living and 50 green businesses headed by women and young people being established.

Closing Remarks

Voluntary Service Overseas helps people in developing nations through various initiatives. The organization provides education for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, teaches Rwandan health care workers how to assist Deaf young people with sexual and reproductive health and educates Cambodian individuals and businesses on environmentally friendly practices and waste management. These strategies significantly improve the lives of people in developing nations.

– Sue-Joyce Headon

Sue-Joyce is based in Liverpool, UK and focuses on Good News and Celebs for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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World Vision’s Syria Türkiye Emergency Response

World Vision's Syria Türkiye Emergency ResponseOn Feb. 6, 2023, a major earthquake struck northwestern Syria and southeastern Türkiye. It registered a magnitude of 7.8, followed by a 7.5 magnitude quake about 60 miles southwest. The region experienced hundreds of aftershocks. A total of 11 provinces were affected in Türkiye, according to World Vision. The earthquake impacted an estimated 9.1 million people in Türkiye, with more than 50,000 lives lost, 3 million people displaced and nearly 300,000 buildings destroyed. The country had not faced a similar disaster since 1999 when a 7.6 magnitude earthquake hit Istanbul, killing more than 17,000 people.

Syria lost about 6,000 people to the earthquake, primarily in Idlib and Aleppo. The earthquake destroyed more than 10,000 buildings, including many schools and displaced 265,000 people, forcing them into temporary shelters. Overall, the World Bank estimates the damages at $34 billion for Türkiye and $5 billion for Syria. This disaster has compounded the displacement crisis in Syria, where millions were already displaced due to the ongoing civil war. Furthermore, the World Bank projects that the rebuilding costs could escalate to approximately $100 billion.

Immediate Impact of the Earthquake in Syria

On Feb. 8 and 9, 2023, the World Vision Syria Response team conducted a rapid assessment in Idlib and Aleppo to quickly gauge the immediate needs of those affected by the earthquake. The assessment involved 322 randomly selected participants from 25 different villages. Key findings indicated that the most urgent personal needs were for beds, cooking supplies, blankets, food and clothing. Additionally, 87% of respondents reported safety concerns, primarily due to low lighting, injuries or hazards from collapsed buildings and distress. Regarding shelter, 82% found refuge with family, friends or in camps. In addition, the survey revealed that 94% of participants had damaged homes, with 51% reporting their homes destroyed.

Long-term Economic Impact in Türkiye

The earthquake affected poverty rates in Türkiye. The Borgen Project reached out to a World Vision representative based in Canada, who wishes to be anonymous. When asked about the impact of the earthquake on poverty, the representative confirmed it worsened the situation, explaining, “Especially as these people were already facing a situation of protracted crises, the earthquake led to displacement, which resulted in the loss of capital stock and household wealth.”

Disaster Philanthropy reports that in the earthquake-affected provinces of Türkiye, about 40% of households live below the poverty line, compared to 32% nationwide. This rate could rise to more than 50%. A year after the disaster, many affected areas in Türkiye still lie in ruins. An estimated one in three children remain homeless, living in temporary shelters. As of Feb. 2024, about 660,000 children are still displaced, residing in small tents or metal containers that offer minimal protection from the elements.

In Syria, the ongoing conflict compounds the hardships for children in the wake of the earthquake. In addition to the conflict, they struggle with an economic crisis that has further damaged schools and hospitals. This situation leaves many without access to food and shelter. The United Nations (U.N.) World Food Programme has had to suspend aid in earthquake-affected areas due to the conflict.

World Vision’s Syria Türkiye Emergency Response

World Vision’s Syria Türkiye Emergency Response (STER) has assisted nearly 2.5 million people. It implemented 15 projects in Northwest Syria, addressing needs such as health services, water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and rebuilding schools. The organization also implemented psychological support services to aid recovery from trauma, particularly for children. This support has reached more than 1,300 students in schools. A notable case involved a 9-year-old girl who was terrified of returning to school after her house collapsed during her studies. She expressed “I am afraid to go to school. I don’t want the building to fall down when I start studying again”  With the help of World Vision adding mental health support sessions in schools, she has returned to school and is showing considerable improvement.

The anonymous source from World Vision also reports that the organization has assisted 114,064 people in Northwest Syria and 5,937 in Türkiye from the time of the initial disaster to the present. The source also highlighted the enhancement of mental health support, stating, “Following the earthquake, we also provided additional funding to World Vision Syria from private non-sponsorship donations with the goal to reach 9,846 people with psychosocial support.”

Looking Ahead

World Vision has assisted millions through the Syria Türkiye Emergency Response (STER) and other projects, helping citizens of both countries to recover. The Borgen Project inquired about the expected duration of the earthquake recovery efforts. The organization explained that while the initial emergency response has concluded, its focus is now on recovery and building resilience. It shared an excerpt from its strategy plan, which states that it will continue with STER and incorporate it into other projects running from Oct. 2023 until Sept. 2025. This timeline gives the organization an additional 13 months to continue making a difference in the lives of the people in Syria and Türkiye.

– Sabrina Betterly

Sabrina is based in Drums, PA, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Haiti’s $23 Million Deficit and Crippling Gang Violence

Haiti's $23 million defecit Gang violence is escalating in Haiti, presenting severe challenges for the government in funding basic education nationwide. The United Nations (U.N.) Fund reports that Haiti’s $23 million deficit is resulting in shortages of essential school supplies and necessities like chairs, blackboards and bathrooms.

The Impact of Gang Violence

The U.N. estimates that gang violence affects 2.7 million Haitians, including more than 600,000 children. Since the assassination of former President Jovenel Moise, gang activity has surged dramatically. In the first quarter of 2024 alone, gangs killed or injured 2,500 Haitians, a 53% increase from the previous reporting period. Gangs frequently target institutions, including schools, exacerbating poverty across the country. For example, in March, escalating violence forced the closure of the main port in Port-au-Prince, cutting off food supplies and leaving millions hungry.

A Lack of Safety in Schools

In Haiti’s school systems, many teachers are forced to pay gangs to ensure the safety of their students. In Sept. 2021, seven schools paid these armed gangs. With already scarce funding, such payments leave schools lacking essential teaching tools. By the end of Jan. 2024, 900 schools had temporarily shut down due to security concerns. On March 25, gangs set fire to 23 classrooms in a Port-au-Prince school, further destabilizing the education environment.

Amid widespread violence and targeted attacks on schools in Haiti, many families opt not to send their children to school out of fear for their safety. Gang violence has displaced thousands, forcing many to seek refuge in makeshift shelters within school buildings, prompting further school closures. Additionally, a $23 million deficit leaves schools starkly unequipped, lacking even basic furniture like benches or chairs. A 22-year-old Haitian student highlighted the dire conditions to ABC News, stating, “The hardest part of this is that there are no bathrooms.”

Nonprofit Work

The Haiti Education Foundation and Hope for Haiti are actively working to alleviate the educational debt and enhance the schooling system for children by providing scholarships, training teachers and supplying essential back-to-school items. The Haiti Education Foundation is currently matching donations from Sept. 1 through Dec. 15. Additionally, Hope for Haiti is organizing various events, including Celebrating Hope in Greenwich, Connecticut on October 3rd, featuring a silent auction to support Haitian families. Moreover, the U.N. Global Fund Education Cannot Wait has committed a $2.5 million grant aimed at assisting 75,000 children with cash transfers, school feeding programs and other vital initiatives.

Looking Ahead

The escalating gang violence in Haiti severely undermines the country’s education system, leaving schools vulnerable and underfunded. Due to Haiti’s $23 million deficit, many schools struggle to provide even the most necessities, forcing closures and compromising student safety. Nonprofits like the Haiti Education Foundation and Hope for Haiti are stepping in to offer crucial support, but the challenges remain immense as the nation grapples with both violence and a lack of resources.

– Madeline Rozmus

Madeline is based in Greenwich, CT, USA and focuses on Global Health and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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A Path Forward: Addressing Disabilities and Poverty in Serbia

Disabilities and Poverty in SerbiaIn Serbia, the intersection of disabilities and poverty presents significant challenges. While the country has made strides in improving conditions for people with disabilities, many still face barriers that hinder their access to essential services and opportunities.

The Scope of Disabilities and Poverty in Serbia

Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe with a population of around 6.6 million, has a significant portion of its population living with disabilities. According to the United Nations (U.N.), around 8% of the population has a disability. Many of these individuals face challenges that are exacerbated by poverty, limiting their access to essential services and opportunities. The combination of disability and poverty creates substantial barriers to health care, education and employment, perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage.

Barriers Faced by Disabled Individuals

The poverty rate in Serbia is a significant concern, with around 24.3% of the population living below the national poverty line. However, individuals with disabilities are disproportionately affected, facing an even higher likelihood of poverty compared to the general population. This disparity exacerbates their struggles with accessing health care, education and employment opportunities, further entrenching them in a cycle of poverty and marginalization. The gap between the overall poverty rate and that of the disabled population highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions.

Health Care Access

Disabled people in Serbia face significant challenges in accessing health care services. Approximately 8% of the population, nearly 600,000 individuals, lives with some form of disability. One in five women and adolescent girls with disabilities report difficulties accessing needed health services. Additionally, one in four women with disabilities is dissatisfied with the sexual and reproductive health services she receives and one in seven has never had a gynecological examination. These challenges are compounded by negative stereotypes and barriers that persist even among health professionals.

Solutions

Several organizations and activities aim to improve conditions for disabled persons in Serbia. For instance, the National Organization of Persons with Disabilities of Serbia (NOOIS) focuses on advocating for disability rights and providing various support services. With representation for more than 800,000 individuals with disabilities, NOOIS has implemented programs such as accessible transport services and educational workshops. In addition, Nordeus, the largest IT company in Serbia, established a corporate foundation with $2.7 million to support the education and training of young IT professionals in the country.

A Call to Action

Addressing the intersection of disability and poverty in Serbia requires continued effort and collaboration. Key areas for improvement include increasing funding for support programs. Additionally, enhancing the accessibility of public services and raising awareness to combat social stigma, will support efforts within the country.

By focusing on practical solutions and promoting positive change, Serbia can make significant strides toward reducing poverty and improving the lives of individuals with disabilities.

– Aneela Agha

Aneela is based in Dubai, UAE and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Twaweza: A Mission to Empower Citizen Voices in East Africa

TwawezaIn East Africa, poverty and lack of government accountability are deeply intertwined issues that have long hindered the development of marginalized communities. Twaweza is a pivotal grassroots nongovernmental organization (NGO), founded in 2009, tackling these ongoing challenges head-on. It operates across Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda to empower citizens, enhance children’s learning and foster open and responsive governments. By promoting transparency, collaboration and citizen engagement, Twaweza addresses systemic issues of poverty by ensuring that marginalized communities can hold their governments accountable and demand better services and opportunities.

We Can Make It Happen

Twaweza means “we can make it happen” in Swahili, and its name captures the charity’s commitment to putting citizens at the center of change.  The organization believes in an open society where citizens are informed, engaged and organized to drive positive change in their communities and hold authorities accountable. Twaweza’s mission is centered on three key areas: 

  1. Demonstrating Collective Citizen Action. Between 2019 and 2023, Twaweza held nearly 1,400 community meetings in Uganda and Tanzania, engaging more than 93,000 attendees to identify and address local challenges. In Uganda, Twaweza conducted 233 village-level meetings despite limited legal requirements, while in Tanzania, 303 meetings led to 66 action plans, ensuring local governance remained accountable and transparent. These efforts empower communities to actively participate in decision-making actively, addressing systemic issues through collective action.
  2. Enabling Citizens’ Voices in Decision-Making. Twaweza in collaboration with more than 14 government institutions across Kenya and Uganda to ensure citizens voice informed policy decisions. Collaborations with ministries, especially during COVID-19, led to significant policy changes, such as the removal of mobile money levies in Tanzania and amendments to access information laws in Uganda. These partnerships highlight the critical role of citizen-driven data in shaping national policies and ensuring responsive governance.
  3. Promoting and Protecting Open Civic Spaces. Twaweza influenced 11 key laws, including those affecting media and political freedoms, by working in collaboration with diverse civil society groups. Notable successes include supporting the Tanzania Centre for Democracy in lifting the ban on political rallies and enhancing the capacity of various organizations to advocate for policy changes. Although challenges in strategic litigation led to shifts in focus, Twaweza continues to promote civic participation and protect democratic space through targeted advocacy and capacity-building efforts.

Uwezo – Revolutionizing Education Assessment

Launched in 2009, Twaweza’s Uwezo initiative, meaning “capability” in Swahili, targets the learning crisis in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Uwezo assesses millions of children for basic literacy and numeracy skills through a citizen-led approach.

Volunteers conduct large-scale assessments and provide instant feedback to households, engaging communities in educational advocacy. Uwezo’s findings, revealing that many children lack foundational skills, have influenced policy and highlighted educational inequities. The program also demonstrated adaptability by assessing learning in crisis contexts, such as Uganda’s refugee settlements. UNESCO recognized Uwezo in its 2018 Global Education Monitoring Report.

Sauti za Wananchi – Giving Citizens a Voice

In a region where access to reliable data is often limited, Twaweza’s Sauti za Wananchi, meaning ‘Voices of the Citizens’ in Swahili, emerged as a groundbreaking initiative. Launched in 2013, it is Africa’s first nationally representative mobile phone survey. It gathers real-time, nationally representative data on citizens’ views in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. 

The survey, which engages 2,000 participants, led to significant policy impacts, with more than 150 pieces of media coverage and reaching hundreds of policymakers annually. The data collected plays a crucial role in influencing government transparency, policy-making and public debate on issues like education, health and governance. By providing a representative panel and facilitating direct interactions, it amplifies citizen voices, promotes government accountability and drives informed decision-making.

Open Government Partnership

Through its Open Government Partnership (OGP) initiative, Twaweza collaborates with governments. The organization develops and implements action plans that promote transparency, fight corruption and enhance public access to information. Furthermore, it calls on members to enhance reforms in 10 key policy areas over five years to strengthen democracies. The Challenge engages multiple public institutions globally, inspiring policy changes and public debate. With high participation, OGP recognizes outstanding efforts in international forums. Additionally, it boosts global democratic practices and reinforces Twaweza’s advocacy for accountable governance.

Looking Ahead

Twaweza’s work is a powerful reminder of the importance of NGOs for citizen engagement in combating poverty and fostering accountability. Furthermore, the charity is actively helping to create a future where all East Africans can access the services and opportunities they deserve. It stands as a beacon of hope for marginalized communities, demonstrating that through collective action, real change is possible.

– Fatima Naqavi

Fatima is based in London, UK and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Prevention Strategy: HIV/AIDS in Cambodia

CambodiaCambodia, a Southeast Asian nation with a population of approximately 16.8 million people, has achieved significant progress in controlling HIV infection rates since the peak of the epidemic in 1996. In 2022, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) reported that public health interventions had achieved a 91% reduction in HIV infection rates across the population. Specifically, the estimated number of infections dropped to 1,400 from 15,000 in the past three decades.

Correlation Between HDI and the Rate of HIV Incidence

According to a study into the correlation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the rate of HIV incidence, populations with a higher average socioeconomic strength are more likely to avoid outbreaks of HIV infections. For Cambodia, the country’s HDI has doubled since the ’90s, currently at 0.600 (148th worldwide), supporting the conclusions found in the study.

Ultimately, to satisfy the conditions of the UNAIDS 95-95-95 HIV prevention scheme by the end of the decade, support for the most vulnerable has to be further reassured. These key populations include pregnant mothers, sex workers, people injecting and children living with HIV in impoverished communities. Integrated in 2023, the National Social Assistance Fund (NSAF) envelops efforts to support impoverished individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Cambodia.

Covering Medical Costs for Vulnerable Families

In 2023, Hun Manet’s newly elected government launched the NSAF to centralize health care planning, targeting protection toward the more economically vulnerable across all provinces of Cambodia. Broadly, the fund provides crucial health care benefits for older adults, retired civil servants and those living in impoverished communities.

The social safety nets this fund provides include insurance or cash transfers to cover existing medical costs. While health care is not guaranteed as a dedicated right, it is subsidized based on the approval of a government grant through an application process. This safety net is HIV-sensitive, meaning that individuals living with HIV receive prioritized access. Statistics dating back from 2019 show that beneficiaries of the insurance support amounted to nearly 350,000 pregnant women and children aged less than 2. Recipients of the cash bank transfer scheme were approximately 17,000 impoverished or disabled people.

Tia Phalla, Deputy Director of the National AIDS Authority in Cambodia, argues that people living with HIV can benefit more from financial coverage. She states that nutritional and wage support are as integral as medicinal support and both are offered effectively with economic aid.

Seeking Treatment Anonymously

The new government has nevertheless outlined a new priority to provide upward of 450,000 vulnerable families with health care cards to offer them complete health services coverage. As of December 2023, 13,600 people living with HIV have registered for health care coverage schemes using IDPoor, a smartphone application that alerts HIV treatment centers when a family member is living with the virus. By notifying health care professionals of their status, registrants become eligible for an Equity Card.

This card provides a straightforward and universal way to share their HIV status with treatment centers and other officials. A significant obstacle during the HIV crisis has been the stigmatization of the virus by some uninformed members of the public. The IDPoor registration addresses this issue by offering anonymity to people living with HIV seeking treatment, as their status is revealed through the platform without disclosing their identity publicly.

Final Thoughts

UNAIDS and nonprofit organizations combating HIV/AIDS in Cambodia highlight that an effective health care strategy to counteract increasing HIV infection rates needs to include the following:

  • Fair and inexpensive access to antiretroviral medication.
  • Anonymous services to access treatment and information.
  • A viable social safety net to financially support those unable to work due to illness.

Continued efforts in these areas will be essential for maintaining the progress made and ensuring Cambodia’s HIV/AIDS protection strategy is effective. By prioritizing vulnerable populations and strengthening health care infrastructures, Cambodia can move closer to achieving the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets and eventually eradicating HIV/AIDS in Cambodia.

– Ramiro Ruiz Martinez

Ramiro is based in Edinburgh, Scotland and focuses on Technology and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Innovative Ways to Tackle Food Insecurity in Botswana

Food Insecurity in BotswanaLocated in the centre of Southern Africa, Botswana has become one of the fastest-growing economies. It is now considered an upper-middle-income country, aspiring to soon become a high-income country.  Despite this, although its population is small, approximately 2.5 million people, it is one of the most unequal countries in the world. The World Food Programme (WFP) estimated that food insecurity in Botswana affects 22% population that experiences moderate or severe food insecurity across the country. This is particularly felt in rural areas, with high poverty rates and limited access to fertile land.

Alongside unreliable food chains, approximately 70% of Botswana’s landscape is made up of desert and poor soils. Collectively, this contributes to food insecurity in Botswana. Thus, since the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Botswana has focused on building resilience in food supply chains and domestic production, to improve food security across the country. Addressing food insecurity in Botswana has become a national priority, especially given the increasing vulnerability of the land to natural disasters such as droughts. It is crucial to use innovative solutions to promote food security for their population.

Project Anton Technology

Anton Tech has grown to become an AI research start-up, aiming to transform Botswana’s agriculture industry. It directly addresses the looming threat of food insecurity across the country. The project uses image data, from drones to satellites to cameras, to detect pests and diseases. It can also predict soil organic carbon levels, in turn giving recommendations on the treatments and interventions needed. Additionally, Project Anton uses WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger to increase its accessibility for farmers across Botswana.

Climate-Smart Agriculture

Climate-smart agriculture includes weather forecasting apps and satellite imagery, which can assist in analyzing weather patterns and social moisture levels. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture collaborated with the Botswana Ministry of Agriculture to assist local farmers in climate-smart practices. This led to a 30% crop yield increase for small-scale farmers, according to the African Leadership Magazine.

Furthermore, another climate-smart agriculture technology includes the practice of zero tillage. This is a way to conserve soil carbon, soil structure and moisture. This sustainable management of soil resources has improved crop yields. In the long term, this technology has encouraged farmers to innovatively repurpose their old plows into ripper tools.

Bushvet

Across Botswana, veterinary health services are accessible and efficient. The geography of Botswana often made it difficult for rural cattle to access animal health services. Thus, the Botswana Agricultural Marketing Board initiated the “Bushvet” call-out service, providing farmers with on-farm veterinary services. Additionally, many retired veterinary paraprofessionals could support in delivering basic services such as animal drugs and advisory support. This means Bushvet can operate at a community level, increasing the long-term sustainability of this programme, as well as ensuring peak cattle health for farmer’s businesses.

Capacity Building and Knowledge Bridging

Educational online platforms post up-to-date agricultural techniques, the best practices for pest control, and general market information, and much more. This information is invaluable to farmers across Botswana, bridging their knowledge gap. UShare is a social media platform specifically for farmers, allowing them to exchange knowledge, ask questions, and vitally, connect to experts in the field, according to the African Leadership Magazine.

Tackling Food Insecurity in Botswana

The future of the country’s food security is filled with an abundance of innovative and technological solutions that have the potential to successfully eradicate food insecurity in Botswana. As per Mr. Kgabeng, Co-Founder of Anton Tech,  “Put it out there and continue to iterate on it, that is how we improve as innovators and drive toward a better Africa,” the U.N. reports.

– Sian Ameer-Beg

Sian is based in Durham, UK and focuses on Good News and Technology for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Reducing Unemployment in Somalia

Unemployment in SomaliaSomalia struggles with one of the highest unemployment rates in the world. As of 2022, unemployment stands at 19.29%, with youth unemployment in Somalia being even higher at 34.66%. This means that more than a third of the Somalian youth are unemployed, neither in work nor education, threatening the livelihoods of many and endangering economic growth for the whole country. A significant aspect of unemployment is a lack of education- nearly half of children in Somalia do not attend school, which further limits their career prospects. Poverty remains a generational issue, with four in every five children living in some form of deprivation.

High rates of unemployment worsen already concerning rates of poverty; more than 60% of the population live on less than $2 a day. This means many struggle to feed their families or access education or healthcare. With low employment rates looming over the country, there seems to be no way out of these cycles of poverty.

The Nation of Poets

Somalia has a chance at a different future; known as “The Nation of Poets,” the country is investing more in the arts to help reduce unemployment, especially for younger people. President Sheikh Mohamud launched the National Youth Development Initiative to get more young people into work, with the help of U.S. investments, the World Bank reports.

The World Bank defines the Orange Economy as “a range of economic activities in cultural and creative industries where the main objective is the production or reproduction, promotion, distribution, or commercialisation of goods, services, and activities of content derived from cultural, artistic or heritage origins” and it generates around 30 million jobs every year. Harnessing this area of the economy could be Somalia’s answer to unemployment.

Unemployment in Somalia

Creative industries in Somalia thrived before the civil war but declined during it – now younger people are reviving them, according to the World Bank. The arts are a particularly effective way of reducing unemployment as they offer opportunities for both women and young people, the most affected by unemployment in Somalia.

The Solutions 4 Youth Employment report notes that four areas require changes to improve unemployment rates: training and mentorship; finance and grants; access to international markets; and local community networks for self-sufficiency.

The British Council’s East Africa Arts program is helping provide necessary financial aid to fund training and support people entering the workforce, according to the World Bank. The arts can provide prospects for so many to escape cycles of poverty, through providing opportunities for women and young people, and those whose careers and livelihoods have been impacted by extreme weather and natural disasters.

Other Initiatives

Alongside this investment in the creative industries, there have also been efforts to improve employment rates in numerous different sectors. The U.N. Joint Programme on Youth Employment worked to provide both long and short-term employment for young people by focusing on key areas like agriculture, resulting in 5,000 new jobs.

Organizations like UNFPA and SOLO have been offering training to young people in Somalia to improve their soft skills, a crucial aspect of being employable. This training means that young people are ready and equipped to take up jobs that other programs are helping to create.

Investing in the arts and creative industries could help reduce unemployment in Somalia and provide life-changing chances for so many living in poverty. This focus on harnessing the skills and gifts of Somalia’s young people is instrumental in securing Somalia’s future.

– Eryn Greenaway

Eryn is based in East Sussex, UK and focuses on Business and New Markets for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr