tuberculosis in MoldovaTuberculosis, a bacterial lung infection transmitted through coughing and sneezing, ranks as one of the most widespread global diseases, with only COVID-19 surpassing it in death toll. In 2021, TB diagnoses worldwide reached 10.6 million, and Moldova alone accounted for 3,000 cases.

On the bright side, the Stop TB Partnership is diligently working to prevent this treatable yet often fatal disease from gaining a stronghold. The organization’s efforts span the globe, aiming to halt avoidable deaths among those who may not otherwise receive adequate health care.

Combating Tuberculosis in Moldova

  1. Testing Accessibility for the Community – One aspect of disease prevention that the Stop TB Partnership takes very seriously is the testing process, as many may be left undiagnosed, or even misdiagnosed by doctors. Not only this, but many who live in more remote locations do not have sufficient access to testing overall. Notably, Moldova faces a high prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, with 60% of treated cases being this strain. To address these challenges, the Stop TB Partnership collaborates with Moldova’s National Tuberculosis Program to enhance the availability of XPert testing machines in the community. By distributing 30 XPert machines to community health centers, testing facilities catering to TB and prisons, an estimated 64% of Moldova’s population gains easy access to testing. This initiative marks a groundbreaking step, with Moldova becoming the first country worldwide to implement this technology in community centers. Consequently, 1,374 additional TB cases were detected in the first two years of operation.
  2. Raising Community Awareness – While the Stop TB Partnership’s current efforts primarily focus on testing, it has previously undertaken projects that focused on enhancing local communities’ understanding of tuberculosis. To combat tuberculosis in Moldova effectively, there is a need for community members to recognize the disease’s symptoms and respond appropriately when a loved one is affected. In 2009, the Stop TB Partnership partnered with Speranta Terrei, a Moldovan nonprofit, to promote awareness among young children through comic strips. These child-friendly comics, illustrated by Stop TB Ambassador Luis Figo, portray heroes battling TB, effectively disseminating messages about disease prevention and treatment to children in an accessible and enjoyable manner. By distributing these comics to four major Moldovan cities, public comprehension of the disease improves, increasing the likelihood of people seeking testing.
  3. Using AI to Fight TB – In recent years, AI has become increasingly utilized for diagnosing, treating and proposing novel cures for communicable diseases, including TB. As part of its commitment, the Stop TB Partnership introduced AI4HLTH, an initiative that aims to enhance TB diagnosis efficiency through AI technology. The AI effectively assesses chest X-Rays of patients, identifying abnormalities consistent with tuberculosis infection. By employing this crucial tool, doctors are relieved of the burden of manually assessing every X-Ray, allowing them to focus more on treatment after a successful diagnosis. Furthermore, this approach reduces the number of undiagnosed cases due to limited health care staff availability.

Looking Ahead

In the battle against tuberculosis, the Stop TB Partnership is making significant strides with innovative and community-focused initiatives. By increasing testing accessibility through XPert machines and raising awareness through child-friendly comics, the organization is empowering Moldova’s communities to combat the disease. Additionally, the use of AI technology in TB diagnosis streamlines the process and enables health care professionals to focus on providing timely treatment. These efforts offer hope for a future of reduced TB impact in developing countries like Moldova.

– Annabel Kartal-Allen
Photo: Unsplash

Women’s Rights in Mauritania According to Georgetown’s 2021-2022 Women, Peace and Security Index, Mauritania is the 14th worst country for women to live in. Lying below the southern border of Morocco in the northwest of Africa, Mauritania is deeply conservative and one of the poorest nations on earth. Currently, 56.9% of its residents live in multi-dimensional poverty. The country’s laws designate men as the head of households, structurally relegating women to domestic roles and leaving them with limited opportunities to improve their economic situation. Sharia law and cultural influences have entrenched gender-based discrimination in Mauritania. Nevertheless, there is hope, as the treatment of women has seen some gradual improvements. 

Combatting Sexual and Physical Violence Against Women

Mauritania alarmingly accepts sexual and physical violence against women both socially and institutionally. The country’s governance by Sharia law leads to severe punishment for “Zina,” or sex outside of marriage. The high burden of evidence required to prove rape makes women hesitant to report their assaults, fearing legal punishment for engaging in intercourse if the state fails to prosecute the attacker. Consequently, only about 20% of rape cases are reported, as per the findings of the Social Welfare Ministry. Besides the moral implications of widespread rape, the trauma of sexual assault significantly hinders women’s independence and economic well-being in the long run.

Moreover, Mauritania often tolerates domestic violence without prosecution, and this contributes to perpetuating poverty. A study by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) revealed that a mere 1% increase in female victimhood from domestic violence corresponds to a 9% drop in economic activity. Although legislation urgently addresses these injustices, progress has been slow. Despite activists’ efforts leading to the government passing the Law Against Violence Against Women and Girls, it was never certified by parliament. In the meantime, NGOs like the “Association of Women Heads of Households” (AFCF), founded by women’s rights activist Aminetou Mint El-Moctar in 1999, provide crucial support to women by intervening in cases of sexual assault and assisting them in pressing charges.

Creating Economic Opportunities for Women

Addressing gender disparities in economic opportunities is essential for empowering Mauritanian women. The country’s rank as sixth worst in the world, according to the Women’s Workplace Equality Index, underscores the urgent need for action. Several potent barriers to economic equality exist, including differences in wages, limitations on land rights, restricted opportunities for specific jobs, social stigma and the absence of legal authority to be heads of households.

Although some laws exist to address these issues, the government often has limited control over local rule. Consequently, the female labor participation rate was a mere 26% in 2022 compared to 57% for men. Women who do have jobs often occupy informal domestic positions without formal arrangements and social protections, making them highly vulnerable to falling into poverty. Unfortunately, up to 20% of the population remains enslaved.

In recent years, the government has taken steps to address these issues, such as promoting female political representation, expanding job opportunities, investing in education and cracking down on slavery. A national multi-party platform involving local authorities and NGOs was established to help enforce federal laws, particularly concerning land rights. However, external observers, including the World Bank, argue that Mauritania must focus on achieving legal gender equality through comprehensive systemic reforms.

Confronting Forced Child Marriage

Gender inequality in marriage is another significant concern in Mauritania, with 37% of girls going into marriage before their 18th birthday. Some communities even resort to force-feeding girls to make them appear more sexually mature at a younger age. Early and forced marriages seriously undermine women’s rights and economic potential in Mauritania. While cultural norms play a critical role in perpetuating this practice, poverty also motivates women to marry early.

The Mauritanian government has pledged to end forced child marriage within the next decade, collaborating with UNICEF to enact legislative and judicial reforms and conduct education campaigns against the practice. For instance, UNICEF worked with local imams to create religious arguments supporting children’s rights.

Additionally, the government has implemented programs like the Sahel Women Empowerment and Demographic Dividend (SWEDD) to empower girls to stay in school, as pregnancy is a significant barrier to girls’ education prospects in Mauritania. Nevertheless, human rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch, insist that there is a need for legislation establishing a minimum age for marriage in line with international standards and giving women the legal right to refuse marriage. Moreover, despite being technically illegal in Mauritania, child marriage remains permissible with parental and judicial consent.

Conclusion

Despite the challenges Mauritania faces regarding gender inequality, there is hope for positive change. Activists and NGOs like AFCF provide support to women facing violence and discrimination, while the government has taken steps to promote female political representation and expand job opportunities. Collaborating with UNICEF, Mauritania aims to end forced child marriage and empower girls to stay in school through programs like SWEDD. Although progress may be gradual, these efforts signal a growing commitment to improving the lives and economic prospects of Mauritanian women.

– David Newman
Photo: Flickr

Debt-Poverty Pause
The United Nations (U.N.) has called upon global finance ministers to provide a debt-poverty pause for impoverished countries. It has emphasized the need for funding to go toward social programs that will help reduce poverty, rather than toward repaying debts.

A Global Poverty Crisis

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has estimated that the COVID-19 pandemic, paired with the subsequent rise in inflation and borrowing costs, has resulted in an additional 165 million people falling into poverty. The UNDP says that more than 20% of the population worldwide is living on less than $3.65 a day, making it difficult for them to afford basic necessities like food.

In response to the pandemic and the rise in costs of food and fuel, exacerbated by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, many low-income countries resorted to substantial borrowing. This situation strained their economies as it affected agricultural commodity supplies and led to energy prices reaching close to record levels.

According to the UNDP, approximately 25 low-income countries spent more than 20% of their revenues on debt servicing in 2022. This is the highest number of countries surpassing this threshold since the beginning of the century. This rate can also continue to rise if global interest rates increase further. Debt interest payments account for more than 10% of the general government revenue in 46 countries, and developing countries owe around 30% of the worldwide $92 trillion of government debt. Costs associated with servicing debts are rising quickly, attributed to the actions of the world’s influential central banks, which are raising interest rates in response to the rapid increase in inflation rates.

The rise of interest rates means that poorer nations now spend two or three times the share of their revenues on paying back their debt compared to wealthier countries. Impoverished countries also spend about two times more on interest payments than public assistance and social support programs.

The UNDP Pushes for a Debt-Poverty Pause

The UNDP says that low-income countries need reprieves from repaying their debt to alleviate the repercussions of rapidly increasing borrowing costs. It urges countries burdened with debt to allocate resources typically used for debt servicing toward mitigating the social effects of economic shocks. This approach aims to alleviate some of the adverse effects on society due to these shocks so that the focus can be on poverty reduction.

Looking Forward

The United States (U.S.), the European Union and the other members of the Group of 20 (G20) recently met to discuss global solutions, including debt restructuring and global poverty. However, the debt restructuring discussions made very little progress during the finance meeting of the G20 countries in India.

The UNDP continues to push for debt alleviation to fight global poverty. So far, there have been some elements of international financial activity aiming to increase focus in terms of financing poverty reduction and social programs. However, western countries and the G20 still have work to do. The UNDP has urged Western countries to give developing countries the debt-poverty pause they require to focus their financial efforts on alleviating poverty in their communities.

– Marisa del Vecchio
Photo: Flickr

Olympic Refuge FoundationAn increasing number of people around the world face the daunting task of fleeing conflict, violence and poverty, leaving behind their livelihoods to start anew in unfamiliar territories. The circumstances of refugees make them vulnerable to poverty. Projects that cater to the well-being of refugees are of utmost importance given the current global refugee crisis. The Olympic Refuge Foundation employs sports to aid young refugees in finding a sense of belonging, building confidence, establishing purpose and even developing careers that can pave the way to a prosperous future.

4 Facts About Refugees

  1. According to the U.N. Refugee Agency, the number of people forced to flee their homes has reached an all-time high, with currently 35.3 million refugees worldwide.
  2. According to UNICEF, around half of the world’s refugees are children. This is particularly worrying as refugee children are three times more likely than refugee adults to be poor.
  3. Developing countries host 85% of refugees, exposing them to disproportionate rates of poverty.
  4. Turkey now hosts the highest number of refugees with 3.7 million, followed by Colombia with 1.7 million.

World Refugee Day, observed annually on 20 June, aims to highlight the strength and courage of people who have been compelled to leave their home countries.

The Olympic Refuge Foundation

Since the 1990s, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) have been developing sports programs in the camps and settlements where refugees often find themselves. People from various countries, speaking different languages, have united through sports, finding joy in simple games like basketball.

Sports projects have grown beyond the camp boundaries since then. In March 2016, the IOC announced the formation of the Olympic Refugee Team. During the Summer Olympics in Rio, 10 athletes were chosen to be part of the first-ever IOC Refugee Olympic Team.

During the 2021 Tokyo Olympics, 29 refugee athletes competed across 12 different sports. The increased number of top-level athletes also reflects the global expansion of sports programs working to assist refugees. In December 2017, the IOC established the Olympic Refuge Foundation with the aim of providing consistent support not only to high-level refugee athletes but to refugees worldwide. The foundation currently supports 12 programs in eight countries: Colombia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Jordan, Kenya, Mexico, Rwanda, Turkey and Uganda, with plans to extend the project to France.

The sports projects in refugee camps provide safe and inclusive spaces for young people escaping violence, abuse, negligence and exploitation. Young people of different nationalities are able to communicate with each other through the common language of sport, making valuable friendships and building trust and confidence in themselves. The day-to-day activities contribute to the social cohesion and development of people who have been scarred by their past. Fighting the feeling of hopelessness and desolation is so common in camps and is key to their future growth and recovery.

Terrains D’avenir

The IOC and Olympic Refuge Foundation are also eager to leverage the upcoming Olympics in Paris as a means to promote sports in local communities in France. With the support of the French Ministry of Sports and several other partners, a program known as Terrains d’Avenir was launched. It aims to provide access to sports for 7,000 young people affected by displacement by 2025. The program, initiated in June 2023, seeks to support refugees in their recovery from traumatic experiences and to integrate them into French society through sports.

The project is open to all displaced young people, regardless of their administrative status or ability to speak French and will offer organized activities across a variety of sports.

Overall, starting over in a new country can be quite challenging. It often involves learning a new language, adapting to new customs, finding a new job and integrating into the local community. However, with the support of organizations like the Olympic Refuge Foundation, young displaced individuals can aspire to a brighter future through sports.

– Almaz Nerurkar
Photo: Flickr

Women-Focused Bank in NigeriaIn Nigeria, an extremely small percentage of the population have their own bank accounts. Women face limited economic prospects, as Nigeria presently faces a significant gender pay gap and a lapse in financial inclusion. Only 35% of women and 55% of men have access to financial services. Addressing these issues requires a concentrated effort, but with effort, Nigeria can unlock the immense potential of the female population. Driving this economic growth can foster a more equitable and prosperous society.

The Women’s World Bank posits that fewer than 10% of Nigerians have formal credit. This issue significantly affects self-employed women, who constitute an integral segment of the economy yet suffer from restricted economic opportunities.

The First Women-Focused Bank in Nigeria

Herconomy is a bank account designed to aid women in West Africa to gain financial independence. This gives women a choice for a better future for themselves. Herconomy can help reduce poverty by giving women in West Africa the tools they need to become financially independent. When women have control of their finances, they can be a player in the economy. Freedom to pay for education, start businesses and support their families. This can lead to increased economic growth and a reduction in women’s poverty.

Founder of Herconomy Ife Durosimi-Etti believes that her solution is the key to boosting women’s financial independence. To reinforce her conviction, Herconomy’s mobile savings app can save and earn up to 10% in annual interest.

Herconomy is Nigeria’s first women-owned fintech company, dedicating its services to women entrepreneurs. Creating a better economic future to build the bank for women in Africa from their financial services. It offers a vault service that achieves automated savings, earns interest and breaks bad savings habits. The platform also offers Float services to save and withdraw, as well as aiding with saving plans for a user’s future goals.

Successes

This women-focused bank was a recipient of the Black Founders fund of $4 million for fintech startups, backed by Google. This milestone achievement will enable Herconomy to reach new markets, facilitate job creation and create more innovative fintech solutions. Women lead 72% of Herconomy, showing the pivotal impact of women when shaping Africa’s financial ecosystem.

Durosimi-Etti stated that, in the company, “We are harnessing the power of technology to address some of Africa’s most pressing challenges.” The company deepens the mission to build a women-focused bank to ensure women reach their full economic potential.

Herconomy successfully captivated the interest of 500 women participants, leading to collective savings that surpassed $100,000. This noteworthy achievement regenerates the appeal and progress of the Herconomy app which was introduced in 2022. boasting over 5,000 active savers who utilize its features to cultivate their savings habits. The substantial number of participants and the considerable amount of savings amassed are testaments to the app’s efficacy and the positive impact it has had on empowering women to take control of their financial futures.

Looking Forward

Ultimately, Herconomy facilitates the first women-focused bank in Nigeria, emerging as a pivotal landscape to erode the gender pay gap and empower and prioritize financial needs for inclusive economic growth. Herconomy signifies the importance women wield in the startup fintech economy. This new drive of innovation acts as a catalyst for women’s empowerment.

The benefit of $200,000 in cloud credits, ad support, one-on-one mentoring by industry experts and invaluable connections within Google’s network highlights the need for advocating women-focused banking.

– April Plenderleith
Photo: Flickr

Health Care in VanuatuAs a nation comprising around 80 islands in the South Pacific Ocean, Vanuatu is a fascinating place. The capital city, Port Vila, is also the economic and commercial center of the nation and lies on the island of Efate. Vanuatu’s population, currently just under 320,000, is growing rather quickly with an average rate of 2.4% per year. Because of this, both domestic and international efforts are ongoing to improve health care in Vanuatu. The goal is to provide adequate medical care to those who live across the country’s many islands.

5 Current Developments in Health Care in Vanuatu

  1. Strengthening the Subnational Health Care Sector – UNICEF has implemented a new program in the Malampa province of Vanuatu, which includes three islands and has a population of approximately 43,000 people. The program aims to enhance the subnational healthcare sector at the provincial level by improving both preventive and curative care. UNICEF is also supporting the enhancement of the quality and efficiency of health services while focusing on maternal, child and newborn care.
  2. World Health Organization (WHO) Policy Objectives – WHO has partnered closely with Vanuatu’s government to support improving health services. The WHO’s National Sustainable Development Plan 2016–2030 outlines four key objectives that will be supported throughout the duration of the plan: ensuring Vanuatu has a fair distribution of health care services and facilities, reducing incidences of disease, encouraging healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and strengthening health care management capacity and services.
  3. Vanuatu’s Commitment to Universal Health Care – Vanuatu’s Health Sector Strategy 2021–2030, a guiding document created by the country’s government, outlines a commitment to creating a universal health care plan. The potential universal health care plan would have a focus on primary health care, including physical, mental and social health. It would also increase access to affordable primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care and would promote community engagement in Vanuatu’s health care program.
  4. United Nations Humanitarian Aid – According to the United Nations (U.N.), Vanuatu is the world’s most at-risk nation for natural disasters. The U.N. has committed to providing humanitarian aid and health services to the country after Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam placed 166,000 residents in need of urgent assistance in 2015 and TC Harold damaged 21,086 houses in 2020. The U.N.’s aid included providing clean water and sanitation, food, education and emergency shelter.
  5. U.S. Funding for ICU Renovations – Earlier this year, the U.S. approved funding for renovations to Vanuatu’s primary referral hospital, Vila Central Hospital (VCT). Currently, the hospital is not equipped with the materials needed to provide intensive care to patients. The U.S. funding will provide for a renovation at VCT that will create a two-bed isolation room and a four-bed ICU.

Improvements in healthcare in Vanuatu can potentially promote equality and unity in health services across all its islands, regardless of whether citizens live in large cities or small rural towns. With support from global organizations and leaders, and a commitment from the government of Vanuatu, the island nation has experienced economic growth and improved quality of life for its residents.

– Tristan Weisenbach
Photo: Flickr

Women’s Rights In BulgariaThe struggle for women’s rights in Bulgaria has been ongoing, but the country is committed to achieving complete equality by 2030. Female leaders in Bulgaria are making progress in protecting women from poverty and discrimination. With more women holding positions in parliament, gender equality is becoming a more prominent issue in Bulgaria.

The Current Challenges for Women

Several inequalities and prejudices still affect women in Bulgaria, leaving them vulnerable and disempowered. The Gender pay gap in Bulgaria was 14.4% in 2018, with women earning lower hourly figures, working fewer hours and facing lower employment rates compared to their counterparts.

Women in Bulgaria are more likely to be at risk of poverty at a rate of 25%, compared to men at a rate of 21%. Bulgarian women also earn a mean monthly earning of 1,078 pps (purchasing power standard), compared to men at 1,256 pps. Without adequate financial power, women struggle to access basic human needs, such as rent, food, health care, etc.

The problem is exacerbated by traditional gender roles that dictate that Bulgarian women should be consigned to being “stay-at-home wives” with no opportunity to pursue a career or have a say in the matter. Women are responsible for cooking and house chores in a staggering 73% of households, compared to only 13% for men as of 2022.

All of these issues combined make women’s rights in Bulgaria particularly hard to amend to achieve gender equality. Out of the 240 seats in Parliament, 65 are women (27.1%). Though this number seems low, it ranks 69th in the world for the highest percentage in women’s political representation, just one place behind the U.S. Though women’s rights and gender equality are still a clear issue, the number of women in politics represent a positive sign of better things to come.

The Influence of Female Political Power

The percentage of women’s political representation has risen from 17.6% to 29.4% since the last mandate. This increase allows women to have greater participation and decision-making power in crucial national matters, including passing legislation to support women’s rights and promote equality. The rise of women in politics has led to new legislation that supports women’s rights and addresses gender inequality. With more women in positions of power, there is a stronger focus on tackling gender disparities.

In 2015, the Bulgarian Government agreed to support the upgrading of the National Strategy for the Promotion of Gender Equality. This aims to provide equal treatment, equal access to resources and equal participation in decision-making, as well as promoting gender equality in social, economic and political life. There are also special policies that ensure equal access to professional training, equal participation in the labor market and equal pay for the same work. Overall, the goal is to provide women with more work opportunities and promote the role of the father in families.

Not only is there hope in new legislation and policies, but there is also evidence showing that equality is improving in Bulgaria. In 2022, full-time employment for women was at 46% and 57% for men. In comparison, the rates were 42% and 45% as of 2015 and 2019, respectively. As more women join the workforce in full-time positions, it provides them with a reliable income that they can utilize to fulfill their basic necessities and invest in their future.

Education

In 2022, women outnumbered men in the percentage of tertiary education graduates, with 27% for women and 20% for men. Education provides better work opportunities for women, allowing them to advance and provide platforms for more women in positions of power. Better standards of education also inform women about their rights, health care and better understanding of the world. Around 42% of managers in Bulgaria are women, making it the third highest in the EU. Additionally, women constitute 44.6% of the workforce in the country’s booming technology sector, ranking second highest in the EU.

Bulgaria also currently holds the second-highest percentage of female scientists and engineers in the EU at 52%. It has now become a female-majority field. Bulgaria has taken significant steps to remove restrictions on women’s work, thereby reducing the likelihood of women being excluded from certain sectors of the economy. This move has led to the diversification of women’s work sectors, enabling them to pursue higher-paying jobs or careers that align with their passions.

Organizational Power

While political power has been beneficial, women in leadership roles in organizations have also significantly contributed to advancing women’s rights in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian Center of Women in Technology (BCWT) was established in 2013 to promote women’s involvement in the digital industry. BCWT takes an active role in regional and international projects, fostering the exchange of good practices and forming valuable partnerships.

Some of the organization’s work includes regular network events to help women build a professional network, create formats for the digital industry and inspire the next generation of young women. BCWT also organizes training to help women from various social groups acquire valuable digital skills. 

Atos, a Bulgarian organization, actively supports women in tech. It develops and backs programs that encourage female empowerment and leadership. Atos also supports women’s access to education and the labor market, particularly in fields like IT and STEM. Additionally, the organization works to foster women’s entrepreneurship and provide resources and opportunities for vulnerable groups of women. Furthermore, Atos implements programs to combat domestic violence, showcasing its dedication to various aspects of women’s well-being and progress in Bulgaria. 

These Bulgarian organizations play a crucial role in pushing women into higher-paying jobs, especially in the technology sector. Both of these organizations have female leaders who are advocating for more women to have high-quality jobs, rather than adhering to the traditional Bulgarian view of a woman’s role as a homemaker.

Looking Ahead

In conclusion, life for women in Bulgaria presents several challenges that call for attention. Nonetheless, progress is evident with more women entering politics and attaining better-quality jobs. Notably, Bulgaria made history by electing its first woman as the mayor of the capital city, Sofia. However, to fully achieve gender equality by 2030, in just 7 years, additional legislation and policies are necessary to safeguard women’s rights. Organizations have played a significant role in helping women secure better job opportunities, making it a collective effort to bring gender equality to Bulgaria.

– Lewis Butcher
Photo: Unsplash

Microfinance in Rural PhilippinesRural areas in the Philippines are home to half of the population, and these communities depend heavily on agriculture for their livelihood. Unfortunately, a lack of previous support has led to persistent poverty in these regions. Fortunately, recent microfinance initiatives are now making significant progress in addressing these issues by providing support to local businesses and improving rural health care.

Rural Poverty in the Philippines

Poverty is a serious issue in the Philippines, with 25% of the population living in poverty. This problem is even more acute in rural areas, where the rural poverty rate stands at 36%. Inefficient farming practices, limited access to basic technology and a lack of alternative opportunities outside of agriculture primarily cause this issue. The impact of rural poverty is especially felt by the indigenous community, women and in areas vulnerable to unstable weather and conflicts.

Microfinance Projects Supporting New Businesses

To promote the growth of microfinance, the Filipino Central Bank (BSP) has introduced incentives and policies to encourage other banks to invest in poverty alleviation. Currently, 82% of its finance goes to supporting small businesses and microenterprises and another 6% goes to micro-agri loans.

The BSP’s microfinance initiatives focus on entrepreneurship and financial competency, providing microcredit and small-scale loans to local startups. These initiatives contribute to better job security by diversifying skills away from agriculture. In 2005, the Asian Development Board (ADB) supported microfinance efforts by providing a $150 million loan to encourage greater use of microfinance, promote financial literacy and support cost-effective institutions offering microfinance services. As these programs expand into rural areas of the Philippines, small businesses will have greater opportunities to access financial resources, which could contribute to reducing poverty.

Microfinance Projects Supporting Health Care

Microfinance in rural Philippines also addresses poverty by supporting medical institutions and improving access to health care. The Barbaza Multipurpose Cooperative (BMPC) is a Filipino microfinance institution that focuses on financing the Western Visayas region of the Philippines, an area with poverty levels of 16.4% and extreme poverty levels of 4.2%.

The microfinance project operates in various ways to assist low-income individuals, including offering medical insurance and providing medical loans during emergencies. This initiative effectively supports those residing in rural areas, especially those who work in informal sectors such as agriculture. The project offers up to $1200 for in-person treatments and $600 for emergency treatments, thus benefiting those who rely on subsistence farming. 

Supporting small-scale enterprises is beneficial, and so is microfinancing health care. Improving the health of a population leads to a stronger workforce and better education, and ultimately helps lift people out of poverty.

Looking Ahead

Microfinance is so essential in supporting small-scale communities and providing direct support to the most in-need groups, which in the case of the Philippines are those in rural regions. Over the past 20 years, microfinance initiatives in rural Philippines have been successful in reducing poverty rates. For instance, between 2005 and 2008, the number of Filipinos involved in microfinance increased from 2.4 million to 5.5 million, resulting in 2.6 million job opportunities.

In rural Philippines, microfinance can be a key tool in reaching those in poverty by supporting entrepreneurship and improving access to healthcare. This approach provides individuals with the necessary support to improve their living conditions.

– Daisy How
Photo: Flickr

Community service in Rwanda Community service in Rwanda, also known as ‘Umuganda,’ takes place on the last Saturday of every month from 8-11 a.m. and has been practiced in different forms since 1962. During Umuganda, every citizen aged between 18-65 completes mandatory acts of community service. Here are five facts about community service in Rwanda.

5 Facts about Community Service in Rwanda

  1. Supporting Mental Health: Firstly, Umuganda has positive effects on people’s mental health. This is because one of the most common acts of community service in Rwanda is street cleaning and picking up litter. For example, Jean Luc, who lives in Kigali, goes to his neighborhood every month to pick up litter and clean the streets. Jean Luc’s community service helped improve the mental health of his fellow citizens. This is because a study by the University of Pennsylvania revealed that a clean, litter-free environment can reduce symptoms of depression by up to 68%.
  2. Improving Physical Health: Jean Luc’s services during Umuganda also protect people’s physical health. This is because he and his neighbors perform crucial work to ensure that bushes, which attract mosquitos, are always short. This prevents malaria and saves people’s lives. In Kigali, where Jean Luc lives, malaria cases have dropped by 89% over the past seven years, partially due to initiatives like Umuganda. While this is largely due to efforts by the World Health Organization (WHO), Jean Luc’s work has also been impactful.  
  3. Building Infrastructure: Community service in Rwanda plays a crucial role in infrastructure development. Here, Umuganda brings communities together to build schools, repair roads and construct hospitals. The infrastructure development undergone during Umuganda has helped educate children, connect towns and villages and increased access to health care for Rwandans.
  4. Producing Economic Growth: Economic growth is another desirable by-product of community service in Rwanda. To elaborate, 80% of Rwandan citizens participate in Umuganda every month. While this is below the government’s desired 100% participation, it still generates a fantastic level of economic growth. Since 2007, community service has contributed more than $60 million to the country’s economy. Sustainable projects like this have contributed to the nation’s economic growth, which has seen a 20 times increase in the amount of collected taxes, a 14 times increase in the national budget and most importantly, lifted 1 million Rwandans out of poverty.
  5. Rebuilding a Nation: The most significant aspect of community service in Rwanda is its role in healing the country after the 1994 genocide. Umuganda helped forge a shared identity among Rwandans during the challenging post-genocide years. Communities came together to clean streets, build hospitals and offer services like carpentry for free. Additionally, Umuganda allowed citizens to meet with their political leaders to discuss the problems facing their community, which helped heal the wounds inflicted by genocide. Again, Jean Luc provides his insight, arguing that Umuganda has helped communities build bonds with one another, which has created a unified Rwandan identity.

The success of community service in Rwanda reflects the resilience and spirit of its people, demonstrating that prosperity and harmony can be achieved even after dark times.

– Tom Eccles
Photo: Unsplash

Charities in Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda, located within the West Indies, is renowned for its stunning white sand beaches and crystal-clear waters. Antigua is a hugely popular hub for tourism, making it one of the most economically successful nations in the Caribbean.

As of 2022, Antigua and Barbuda’s GDP per capita was less than $19,000 USD. UNICEF’s research reveals that 25% of adolescents aged 10-19 experience poverty across the islands. More recently, Antigua has seen a large increase in family poverty due to COVID-19, with UNICEF’s research highlighting a 29% increase in domestic poverty. UNICEF’s report showed that 600,000 people in the Eastern Caribbean lost their jobs, deeply impacting the already struggling nation. The islands of Antigua and Barbuda demonstrate resilience in the face of poverty, and various charities are working to transform the country’s circumstances. 

Charities Working Across Antigua and Barbuda

  1. UNICEF: UNICEF’s primary focus in eradicating poverty in Antigua and Barbuda is the well-being of local children. In 2021, UNICEF elevated the children’s agenda to the highest national level, extending its efforts across the Eastern Caribbean. Its Lifelong Learning program, with 157,700 children now enrolled in schools throughout the islands, tackles poverty through education. Formed by UNICEF, the LLP aims to support free education and improve access to learning in struggling nations. This has led Antigua to achieve a high score on the Global Remote Learning Readiness Index. UNICEF firmly believes in providing every child with equal opportunities to succeed in life, generating public funds to support their studies and overall welfare. Education reform is essential on the island and UNICEF’s work plays a crucial role in the nation’s development. In 2018-2019, only 27% of students passed five or more CSEC subjects, lower than the average passing rate among OECS Member States. 
  2. Pack for a Purpose: Pack for a Purpose operates globally, coordinating travelers to create a lasting impact in the countries they visit by bringing materials for local communities. Rebecca Rothney founded the program in 2009 with the vision of facilitating meaningful change during travelers’ journeys. In Antigua, Pack for a Purpose collaborates with the Sandals Foundation, providing essential support and supplies to local education facilities. This initiative significantly benefits the local community, positively influencing education throughout the island. So far, the program has facilitated the donation of more than 70,000 pounds of supplies, aiding thousands of children across the islands. Visitors to Antigua have generously contributed items like laptops, notebooks and markers, promoting literacy and fostering a positive learning experience for children in Antigua and beyond.
  3. Hesperian Health Guides: Hesperian Health Guides is a nonprofit organization that delivers free health information and education to communities facing challenges. Established in the early 1970s, it has now printed more than 3.5 million copies worldwide. HHG advocates for the right to health for every individual, creating easily accessible materials and translating them into 85 languages. Poverty remains a significant barrier to accessing health care, but access to advanced medical knowledge gives people a better chance to thrive. The organization continually develops innovative approaches to spread health awareness, including projects like ‘Helping Children Live with HIV’ and ‘The New Where There Is No Doctor,’ which have brought meaningful change to Antigua and Barbuda. According to recent statistics, HIV status testing and awareness was only at 7.3% in 2021. This highlights the role of ‘Helping Children Live with HIV’ in increasing awareness in Antigua and Barbuda. Since the country recorded its first case of HIV in 1985, the number of positive cases has expanded to more than 1,300 in 2020, highlighting the vulnerability of children to HIV worldwide. ‘The New Where There is No Doctor’ is a publication addressing health challenges, featuring updated information on treating diseases that significantly impact the world’s underserved populations.
  4. The Jermain Defoe Foundation: The Jermain Defoe Foundation is a U.K. charity that operates across all Caribbean islands. It was originally founded by the England footballer Jermain Defoe with the aim of supporting homeless and vulnerable children in his local village. The organization was founded in 2014 and does a huge amount of work toward poverty eradication throughout the islands. Some of its notable projects include organizing a football tournament to raise funds for underprivileged children, securing donations for hurricane relief in hurricane-prone Antigua, constructing a children’s home and organizing multiple Christmas shoebox appeals. The foundation’s accomplishments include raising up to £80,000 at a single Gala Dinner event, delivering donations to 178 students and raising more than £6,000 for children in St. Lucia, showcasing the significant impact of its work.
  5. Intervol: Intervol is a community volunteering charity based in the U.K. yet working in areas such as Antigua and Barbuda to support poverty reduction and education projects. More than a thousand student volunteers have taken part in these projects across the world, raising more than £250,000 of grant funding since 2003. By supporting the locals through health care, education, materials and clean water, the organization is able to make tangible change in Antigua and Barbuda.

Progress in health, education, relief and investment in the economy has seen Antigua transform over the past decade. As a small island in the Caribbean that is prone to hurricanes, Antigua is vulnerable to some of the factors that lead to poverty. However, these charities operating in Antigua and Barbuda continue to make efforts that aim to alleviate poverty and create equal opportunities in the country.  

– Gracie Gobat
Photo: Unsplash