Archive for category: Global Poverty

Key articles and information on global poverty.

Renewable Energy in Fiji

Renewable Energy in Fiji
Some people in Fiji lack access to electricity due to where they live, but Fiji is making an effort to increase energy access through renewable energy. Here is some information about renewable energy in Fiji and what the country is doing to develop it.

About Energy

Energy is life, as well as the ability to do work. Energy is an important component of essential everyday functions and people measure and store it in various ways through the process of energy conversion, which changes energy from one form to another. For example, a windmill would transform the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy, or an electricity production site burning fossil fuels to generate electrical power which is heavily used today. 

Energy varies and can come from different sources. Renewable energy comes from sources that are constant and can be naturally renewed. Energy sources include solar, wind, water, geothermal, bioenergy, nuclear and hydrogen/fuel. Currently, the country Fiji consumes energy from a variety of sources, the most commonly used are hydrogen, fossil fuels and renewable energy.

The Good News About Renewable Energy for Fiji

Recently, Fiji’s Renewable Energy Investment Plan received a $30.51 million endorsement in climate investment funds. This plan will provide clean and affordable energy solutions to 100% of the island by 2036. This plan will also help upgrade their existing transmission lines and power stations and create new solar plants on Viti Levu.

Much of the Fijian population has access to forms of energy, but there are areas where the electricity supply is not available. There are issues of affordability and inequalities within the Fijian communities that prevent people from utilizing these benefits. The new renewable energy plan will also help create technical assistance and departments for the energy grids and systems and establish electricity access to rural and isolated communities.

Before the most recent changes, Fiji widely used fossil fuels to create electricity. Fossil fuels have the categorization of being non-renewable energy sources and there are multiple reasons why renewable energy sources are better for the future. These benefits range from eco-friendliness and lower electricity costs. Fiji’s 20-year National Development Plan projects that renewable sources will provide energy to all power sources by 2036. Fiji’s two major islands Viti Levu and Vanua Levu have already begun using renewable energy.

Looking Ahead

All things considered, renewable energy in Fiji is an exciting breakthrough in modern climate enhancement. Fiji’s future of renewable energy compliments the island’s natural resources, as the region is primed for hydropower. The investments and endorsements will allow a safe, affordable and reliable production of renewable energy in all of Fiji.

– Tatyana Jiles
Photo: Flickr

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Community-Based Mental Health Care in Developing Countries

Community-Based Mental Health CareMental health care is a fundamental human right that significantly impacts our ability to work, connect with others and lead fulfilling lives. Despite its importance, mental health care in developing countries often remains a marginalized aspect of the global health agenda. Nearly 1 billion people globally endure a mental disorder. This global statistic, however, reveals an unequal distribution of mental health care. Seven out of every 10 individuals with psychosis receive treatment in high-income countries, while only 12% receive care in low-income countries.

While one might attribute this disparity to the shortage of mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists, according to a 2017 OECD report, low-income countries (with only two per 100,000 people), compared to the United States, where there are 45,000 psychiatrists for 340 million people, addressing this issue necessitates looking beyond the numbers. The solution may not solely lie in increasing the number of psychiatrists but in transitioning from Westernized institutional mental health treatments to robust community-based systems that offer culturally relevant care in regions where mental health remains stigmatized.

The Global Mental Health Crises

Low-income countries bear a disproportionate burden of the global mental health crises, accounting for 80% of the mental disease burden. However, the prevalence of stigma within low-and middle-income countries often acts as a significant barrier to seeking help. While the reasons for stigmatization may vary across communities, the universal presence of stigma remains evident. The World Mental Health Survey Initiative conducted in 16 countries spanning the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the South Pacific reported 22.1% of participants from developing countries experienced shame and embarrassment due to a mental illness. Moreover, 63% of Africans viewed depression as a “personal weakness.” These statistics underscore the importance of addressing mental health through a culturally specific lens. 

What is Community-Based Care? 

Community-based mental health care represents a holistic approach to providing services and support rooted in the communities where individuals live. This approach recognizes developing countries’ unique challenges and needs, including limited resources, infrastructure, trained mental health professionals and cultural differences. Mental health care in developing countries has challenges as it is often perceived as a sign of weakness, danger, or having supernatural origins. Westernized approaches to mental health can unintentionally be harmful. 

To bridge this gap, presenting mental health care services in a culturally sensitive way is crucial. Community-based mental health care is a system that delivers mental health services through community health care workers (CHWs), individuals within the community with limited training but specific expertise in particular treatment areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) has played a prominent role in advocating for developing community-led mental health services globally.

The Role of Community-Based Care in Low-Income Countries 

CHWs play an essential role within the framework of community-based care. These individuals, typically members of the community they serve, are familiar with the local cultural stigmas and norms – bridging the gap between institutional health care and underserved populations. CHWs provide essential services to patients with less severe mental health needs, such as basic therapy and house-to-house medication distribution. At the same time, medically trained professionals can focus on patients with more acute symptoms. 

Examples of Community-Based Mental Health Care: StrongMinds Success Stories

Founded in 2013, StrongMinds is a social enterprise dedicated to treating depression among low-income women and children through group interpersonal therapy facilitated by CHWs. StrongMinds originated in Kampala, Uganda, and currently operates in four districts of Uganda. The organization is one of the few organizations addressing depression in Africa – a leading cause of disability among women in Africa. StrongMinds leverage unity over individualism. Over eight weeks, women come together to share their experiences of mental health issues, ultimately empowering each other and building a supportive community.

Through peer-to-peer therapy, public education, CHWs and global partnerships, Strongminds has provided group talk therapy to 260,000 women and children in Uganda and Zambia. About 80% of clients remain depression-free six months post-treatment. Recovery from depression not only benefits individual women but has a ripple effect on their communities and families. Women who received treatment reported a 16% increase in economic activity and a 30% increase in regularly sending their children to school.

Call to Action

Organizations such as StrongMinds show the potential of community-based programs in creating locally-led initiatives equipped to address their community’s unique mental health needs. Mental health is subjective, and there is no silver bullet to address these complex issues. The essential starting points are initiating community dialogue, nurturing relationships and providing support and resources. Community-based care can effectively facilitate mental health care in developing countries.

– Bella Oliver-Steinberg
Photo: Flickr

The Ancient Disease Meets AI: New Tools for Leprosy Diagnosis

Leprosy DiagnosisLeprosy has a 4,000-year history. A skeleton from 2,000 BC was discovered with signs of leprosy in India, where today, more than 100,000 of the 200,000 new cases each year are recorded. The disease has followed humanity since near the beginning of recorded history. It is fitting, then, that what represents our future in technology may offer the means to end our oldest affliction. AI identification tools can identify signs of leprosy quickly and easily, a previously missing step in eradicating it. 

Over the 20th century, people eradicated leprosy by 99%. It is easily treatable today with inexpensive drugs and has a low transmission rate, taking months of close contact to spread. Even so, the disease has survived. In history, cases of leprosy have likewise waxed and waned, though they have never completely disappeared. Its survival today reflects how it survived in the past with a mixture of disinterest and stigma. 

About Leprosy and Poverty

“Leper” is often a general derogatory term for an outcast. Although many associate this term with Medieval times, misunderstanding and discrimination still follow leprosy. Until 2019, leprosy was legitimate grounds for divorce in India. From the early 1900s, Japanese people suffering from leprosy were forced to live in sanitariums, with many still there to this day. These laws reflect those made in the past, driven by a false fear of infectiousness and prejudice toward its physical effects. The disease has been hard to eradicate as people are ashamed or afraid to admit they might have it, with good reason. The progress in fighting the disease has, too, had the unintended side effect of creating in leprosy-free societies a lack of interest in the disease or, at times, awareness it still exists at all. 

Leprosy worsens poverty, and poverty worsens leprosy. Although the disease is easily treatable, poorer and isolated communities lack the expertise to identify it and access to medicine to treat it. Even in cases where the disease has been cured, physical disabilities due to leprosy remain, and then so does stigma. People suffering from leprosy have a more challenging time finding employment. In a study made in southern Ghana, 25 of 26 patients with leprosy were unemployed. One of them said, “Some public transport drivers refuse to pick us up when they discover our deformity. If we go out to shop, some people snub us.” Patients internalize this stigma, and some do not think it is worth trying to find work. This reflects deterioration in mental health. 

Leprosy in Nepal

In a study taken in southern Nepal, thoughts of suicide and self-harm were 30% higher in those suffering from leprosy. A 2018 study in rural Indonesia concluded that lower income and food insecurity increased the disease risk in endemic areas, while education and land ownership reduced it. All of this is to say leprosy creates poverty, and poverty creates conditions that allow leprosy to survive.

There is an obvious benefit to effective and simple diagnosis of the disease. It makes expertise less necessary, and early diagnosis lessens the chance of lasting disability. With this fact in mind, researchers working with Microsoft are creating AI leprosy diagnosis tools for smartphones.

Microsoft’s Work

In 2020, Microsoft announced it would invest in medical AI, one of the fields being the treatment of leprosy. With this funding, the Novartis Foundation, a nonprofit finding solutions to global illness, has created AI4Leprosy, a leprosy diagnosis tool that “has the potential to accelerate leprosy diagnosis significantly.” By training an AI on thousands of images of symptoms, Novartis aims to create a tool that can recognize signs of the disease using a phone camera. Results have been promising. Novartis published a report in 2022, where they found their AI was 90% effective in recognizing symptoms. 

In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) unveiled its strategy for eliminating leprosy by 2030. It recognized early diagnosis as necessary. Without it, even cured cases may carry lasting disability and the stigma and poverty that has come with the disease since ancient times. Even if leprosy is not as prevalent as it once was, removing it makes for a potent symbol in the fight against disease and the ancient prejudices that come with it.

– Frederick Lake
Photo: Flickr

Green Progress: Updates on SDG 15 in India

SDG 15 in IndiaSustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG 15) is a cornerstone in India’s pursuit of a balanced future, harmonizing economic development with environmental sustainability. According to the UN, SDG 15 is to “protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.” With a significant proportion of the population dependent on agriculture, India recognizes the paramount importance of responsible land management. SDG 15 is pivotal for the nation’s developmental goals, addressing poverty, conserving biodiversity and ensuring sustainable resource utilization.

As India grapples with the challenges of rapid urbanization and intensive agricultural practices, focusing on SDG 15 becomes a linchpin for maintaining ecological equilibrium and uplifting communities from poverty.

Updates on SDG 15 in India and Benefits to Those in Poverty

India, home to more than billion people, grapples with widespread poverty, affecting millions. According to the World Bank, as of 2021, nearly 21.9% of India’s population lived below the national poverty line. However, amidst these challenges, efforts aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 — known as “Life on Land” — have shown promise in mitigating poverty’s impact. Initiatives like afforestation programs and sustainable land management not only contribute to environmental conservation but also generate employment opportunities, enhancing economic prospects for vulnerable communities. 

By fostering resilience and sustainable practices, these efforts exemplify the transformative potential of SDG 15, offering a beacon of hope for poverty alleviation in India. By emphasizing sustainable land management practices, the goal creates opportunities for employment, particularly in rural areas where poverty is widespread. Preserving biodiversity ensures access to crucial natural resources, providing marginalized communities with a sustainable source of income. This comprehensive approach addresses poverty at its roots, illustrating the intricate link between environmental conservation and poverty alleviation.

1. Afforestation Initiatives

Improved tree cover is pivotal in India’s battle against poverty. Afforestation initiatives, especially in regions grappling with high poverty rates, become economic lifelines by generating jobs in tree planting and forest management. The heightened tree cover addresses soil fertility and erosion and provides essential resources like fruits, nuts and medicinal plants. This multifaceted impact is particularly crucial for those in poverty, where increased economic opportunities and access to vital resources through improved tree cover become integral in breaking the cycle of poverty.

2. Conservation of Endangered Species

India’s efforts to protect endangered species have borne fruit. The Wildlife Protection Society of India highlights a positive trend in tiger populations, attributed to intensified anti-poaching measures and habitat preservation initiatives. This aligns seamlessly with SDG 15’s core objective of ensuring biodiversity conservation, showcasing India’s dedication to this global cause.

3. Sustainable Agriculture Practices

The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) spearheads India’s drive toward sustainable agricultural practices. NMSA significantly prevents land degradation and promotes biodiversity by implementing soil health management practices, agroforestry and watershed management. This concerted effort reflects India’s commitment to updating SDG 15 strategies for the sustainable use of land resources.

4. Combating Desertification

Desertification poses a significant threat to land ecosystems in India. It impacts people by exacerbating water scarcity, reducing agricultural productivity and displacing communities. The National Action Plan for Desertification (NAP-CCD) is a crucial initiative addressing this challenge. NAP-CCD aims to combat desertification through sustainable land management practices, afforestation and community involvement. An exemplary success is visible in the Kumbhalgarh region of Rajasthan, where water harvesting techniques and afforestation have reversed land degradation, offering a glimpse of the positive impact NAP-CCD can have on affected areas.

5. Sustainable Urban Development

One of the essential updates on SDG 15 in India is that sustainable urban development under SDG 15 positively impacts people’s lives in rapidly urbanizing areas. The Smart Cities Mission, implemented in cities like Pune, integrates green and sustainable urban planning. This results in ecologically balanced and resilient urban landscapes, enhancing citizens’ well-being. Green spaces, efficient waste management and reliance on renewable energy preserve land ecosystems within cities and elevate urban populations’ overall quality of life.

6. International Collaboration: Global Efforts for Biodiversity Conservation

India actively engages in international collaborations, recognizing the global nature of environmental issues. Partnerships with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) demonstrate a commitment to achieving SDG 15 targets. These partnerships foster global cooperation in biodiversity conservation through research, knowledge exchange and financial support. Such collaborative efforts amplify the impact of SDG 15 initiatives, creating a ripple effect that benefits India and the global community.

7. Research and Innovation

Investments in research and innovation are pivotal for achieving SDG 15. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and other research institutions are at the forefront of this effort. Research initiatives include developing drought-resistant crops, promoting precision agriculture and adopting sustainable farming practices. The success of these endeavors is evident in states like Karnataka, where farmers adopting innovative practices have witnessed increased crop yields and improved soil health, underscoring the tangible benefits of research and innovation in updating SDG 15 strategies.

Making Progress

India’s journey towards achieving SDG 15 is marked by tangible progress across afforestation, conservation, sustainable agriculture, community engagement, urban development, international collaboration, research and innovation. These updates reflect India’s commitment to the global agenda and showcase the positive impact on the environment and the lives of its citizens. As India continues to forge ahead, these initiatives are beacons of hope for a sustainable and harmonious coexistence with nature.

– Srishti Arora
Photo: Flickr

Mental Health Challenges Among Young People in Lao PDR

Young People in LaoOf the 6.5 million people living in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), 60% are below the age of 25, and one in four suffer mental health challenges. The region, which spends just 0.3% of its health budget on mental health care and treatment facilities, must soon reconsider its prioritization of mental health care. This younger generation is expected to carry the burden of alleviating Lao PDR’s national debt, which is currently 70% greater than their GDP. Here is information about the mental health challenges young people in Lao PDR face and what some are doing about it.

The Region

For the last 20 years, the economy of Lao PDR has grown by more than 7%, but in spite of being one of the fastest-growing nations in Southeast Asia, 18% of the population lives in poverty. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the economic struggles of the nation, which originated from large-scale borrowing of funds used for modernization. The kip lost half its value against the U.S. dollar, and from 2021 to 2023, inflation rose more than 40% per year. The government prioritized amending its economy, dismissing the social sector, investments in education, and infrastructure necessary to support a growing mental health epidemic in the region.

Young People in Lao PDR

A third of the population in Lao PDR are 10-24 years old, making the nation one of the youngest in Southeast Asia. However, close to 40% of those are not in education or registered as employed. School and business closures during the COVID-19 pandemic forced two in seven young people out of school and one in six into hazardous self-employed environments in order to provide for their families. Mental health challenges that young people in Lao PDR endured have consequently risen, and aid services are often inaccessible.

Mental Health Challenges in Lao PDR

Between the hopelessness that comes with being forced to leave school and the financial stresses produced by a weakened economy, it is easy to understand the root of mental health challenges that young people face in Lao PDR. With 75% of the young population living in rural areas with no access to mental health support, substance abuse is becoming an increasing issue in the nation. The majority of those struggling with mental health are from vulnerable populations — ethnic minorities, migrants and those with disabilities.

Taking Steps Toward Limiting Mental Health Challenges

The demand for mental health services in Lao PDR requires improvements in infrastructure. The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages prioritizing improving young people’s mental health through the establishment of aid programs. These efforts include: 

All of these provide a pathway that leads toward reducing the mental health challenges of young people in Lao PDR.

Community Programs

Village health volunteers in Lao PDR are predominantly male, which complicates administering health care to pregnant women and adolescents. However, recent community programs aimed at creating professional gender equality in the nation have invited female village health volunteers into the community health care network. The programs pair a male and a female village health volunteer, especially for the reduction of postnatal depression rates in Lao PDR. Putting women at the forefront of mental health care support has proved to be effective in reducing postnatal depression rates.

Support from UNFPA

UNFPA offers support for anxiety arising from a lack of reproductive health knowledge, including funding training courses for counselors in Lao PDR. Many mental health workers across the nation have adopted these courses, and prompted multiple improvements to the nation’s social message on supporting young people’s mental health. Hotlines exclusively catering to the support of mental health challenges have been established and social media is being used nationwide as an informational platform, educating the younger generation on issues of psychological health.

Aid from USAID 

USAID reinforces the importance of mental health professions and improves the efficacy of treatments by rewarding research and development. In addition to encouraging mental health careers and research, USAID has pledged to create the necessary medical spaces for practitioners.

Restoring the Next Generation in Lao PDR

Emerging from the COVID-19 years into massive national debt, the young people of Lao PDR have increased rates of mental health challenges. However, they are receiving attention with local and international aid, as well as social reform. The next decade will prove whether or not this aid has been effective in supporting the mental health of young Laotians, but providing it is a critical step toward restoring Lao PDR as one of the most promising emerging markets in Southeast Asia. 

– Joseph Wray
Photo: Flickr

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The Future of Food Systems in Colombia

Food Systems in ColombiaA food system is a complex network of activities involved in getting food from the field to the plate. This includes the production, processing, transport and consumption of food. To ensure a streamlined and successful food system, the governance, economics and sustainability of food production all require attention, as well as food waste — all with the goal of ensuring the maintenance of individual, population and environmental health throughout the process.

Food systems have historically been intertwined with wider economic and social issues. Inequalities in the food systems of a country or region often reflect the inequalities found in society. This article will delve into the current and future food systems in Colombia, focusing on the Medellin and Valle del Cauca regions.

Current Food Systems in Colombia

Colombia is Latin America’s fourth largest economy with various fertile zones that allow it to grow a large range of products, including its major agricultural export, coffee. Find below two case studies portraying the struggles faced in local Colombian food systems, and the programs working towards a brighter future.

Case Study: Medellin

Medellin, Colombia’s second-largest city, lies within a fertile agricultural zone and has been proactive in implementing sustainable urban practices in recent years. However, it still faces challenges. Medellin’s municipalities are extremely fragmented, with a significant disconnect between rural and urban areas, as well as a distinct inequality amongst internal territories. All of which accumulate in food system inefficiencies.

In order to solve these issues, urban areas must have the tools for greater self-sufficiency while also building closer connections to rural areas. During the COVID-19 pandemic, when food shortages were choke holding the country, a municipal program of urban and peri-urban gardens called Huertas para el Abastecimiento, generated alternative food supplies and facilitated the production of secure distribution channels. This initiative mobilized 20 tons of food within the first two weeks of quarantine, when many were fearful of dwindling food supplies. 

The influence of the City Council and organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has also been critical in the shift towards food security in Medellin. They have been instrumental in supporting farmers with transportation services, consolidating relationships between local producers and private companies, and redistributing food supplies to popular canteens where the most vulnerable populations find food. There are even digital Farmer’s Markets where networks of farmers and local citizens are communicating to establish a local supply of produce in Medellin neighborhoods. A combination of all these efforts has been beneficial in integrating territories and establishing a secure food system for Medellin communities.

Case Study: Valle del Cauca

Valle del Cauca is a region along the southwest of Colombia, hugging the Pacific coastline. An assessment by The New Economy for Food and Land Use (FOLU) in March 2022 found that only 58% of the area’s food needs were being met with malnutrition in the department’s capital, Cali, being particularly high. With a large proportion of the population relying on a diet of cheap, ultra-processed foods, Valle del Cauca has seen a rise in health issues such as obesity. Furthermore, the overexploitation of the region’s forest and wetlands for agricultural uses has led to land degradation and soil erosion, threatening future crop growth.

FOLU Colombia is an organization working to transform Valle del Cauca’s food system through sustainable growth and a regenerative agricultural economy. FOLU connects a coalition of unions, academics, private investors and government bodies to determine better land-use and food policies that take the growing environmental challenges into account. FOLU’s roadmap states that “the productivity of workers in the agricultural and forestry sector is one of the lowest in the Colombian economy and this sector has the highest rates of informal employment in the country,” stating that “a new economy of food and soil use would reverse this situation.”

The Future of Food Systems

Changing weather patterns are only going to enhance the challenges faced for food growers across the world. Coffee farmers in Colombia are already seeing temperature rises and drought take a toll on their crops — it is thought that these extreme weather events could reduce Colombia’s coffee production by up to 50%.

Building community-led, inclusive programs like those outlined above is crucial to breaking down barriers between different areas and forming cohesive, sustainable and resilient food systems in Colombia that supply sufficient food to all, even in the face of a changing climate.

– Rachael Cooper
Photo: Flickr

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Challenges and Change: Women’s Rights in Dominica

Women’s Rights in DominicaCurrently, women’s rights in Dominica are not the same as men’s and legislation is not prioritizing them. However, with Sylvanie Burton as the newly elected, first female, indigenous President of Dominica, change could be on the horizon.

Challenges

Although some strong educational achievements have allowed women to have professional careers, there is a severe lack of legislation to protect them in the working environment in Dominica. For example, there is currently no legislation or criminal penalties to prevent or punish gender discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace; therefore women are vulnerable to inequality and aggression due to the lack of government action on constitutional gender equality.

Moreover, career development is a challenge for women in Dominica, as, despite the high rate of women in education that should allow them to pursue professional careers, men hold most managerial positions in the workplace, preventing women from climbing up the career ladder and developing their profession. Furthermore, parenthood is challenging for employed mothers as legislation entitles women to less than 12 weeks of maternity leave.

Indeed, employment legislation regarding women’s rights in Dominica does not currently prioritize their safety, career development or well-being, limiting the opportunities for women. Women have a right to pursue a career, have a family, and, importantly, feel safe at their place of employment; the legal barriers preventing this are infringing on women’s right to independence.

Progress for Women’s Rights in Dominica

However, progressive change for women’s rights in Dominica has been witnessed; the Dominican Women’s Development Centre has worked valiantly for 33 years to help Dominican women fight gender inequality and gender-based violence. This organization helps more than 10,000 women and their families every year; it has a variety of programs and hotlines to cater to all women’s needs, such as parenting programs and domestic violence hotlines, these organizations provide crucial support to women battling gender inequality.

Institutional change for women’s rights in Dominica may be on the horizon with recent domestic political developments. For example, women currently hold more than 37% of seats in the Dominican Parliament, showcasing that women are proudly taking up political space and roles, making Dominican politics a more inclusive space.

 But one could argue that the largest political change for women’s rights in Dominica was the recent election of the first indigenous woman as President, Sylvanie Burton, in September 2023. President Burton is an active advocate of women’s and children’s rights to escape abuse and exploitation. She plans to draw more attention to the serious issues women and children face, along with young men, in hopes of rectifying gender inequality in Dominica. Indeed, this has already been demonstrated; President Burton appointed the deserving candidate, Marie Therese Johnson, as the Head of the Citizenship by Investment Unit (CIU), and therefore showcases her dedication to empowering women and gender diversity.

Looking Ahead

President Burton’s election into office and women taking up more political space are huge milestones in Dominican politics that signify the state’s progressive movement towards gender equality and have created a spark of hope for the future, as now many are valiantly fighting for the rights of Dominican women.

– Abigail Tidball
Photo: Flickr

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Addressing Child Malnutrition in Nigeria

Child Malnutrition in NigeriaChild malnutrition in Nigeria and globally presents a significant problem that leads to the difficulties of stunted growth and a greater risk of diseases during a child’s most vulnerable years. A lack of the necessary nutrients can hamper a child’s physical and mental development, leading to long-term problems like an increased risk of illnesses owing to an underdeveloped immune system. Estimates have indicated that 216 million children in Africa suffer from malnutrition, and it is the second highest killer of children, just after malaria.

Child Malnutrition’s Economic Impact

These problems also go beyond the physical of the individual with long-lasting impacts on the social and economic state of their community. The Economist notes that some of the most significant impacts of childhood malnutrition on a country’s economy come from the reduction in adult salary linked to childhood malnutrition and the ensuing underdevelopment, which also slows the growth of that economy. Other significant problems like poverty are heavily affected by childhood malnutrition as countries with slowed economic growth find themselves in a cycle of poverty that child malnutrition perpetuates.

The problem this has on a country’s economy is severe, as worldwide undernutrition costs the global economy more than $3 trillion a year. Malnutrition is not just a problem that specific countries or humanitarian agencies should worry about. It is a worldwide problem that affects all of our economies and societies. The full nutritional development of children should be a standard that will allow us to propel the presence of other country’s economies into the global market.

Colourful Giggles

Colourful Giggles is a Nigerian company dedicated to providing the nutrients vital to babies during their development. Devoted to offsetting some of the problems encountered by local mothers looking for nutritional products and reducing child malnutrition in Nigeria, Colourful Giggles uses local flavors and ingredients that allow their products to be cheaper than the imported alternatives. With the use of local flavors like cashew nuts and pawpaw, the company intends to combat some of the problems mothers face when raising babies with imported nutritional foods, namely how it affects their taste buds.

Adepeju Jaiyoeba, the founder and CEO of the company, noted that amongst her own children, she could note how imported nutritional foods could turn a baby away from the flavor of other local foods and how such a change can financially impact families given that imported goods are more expensive. As such, Colourful Giggles tackles not only the problem of child malnutrition in Nigeria but also among the children in Africa, which remains at a figure of around 216 million, but does so in a way that promotes the local economy. The ingredients are 100% locally sourced and ensure that many more mothers can provide all the necessary nutrients to their children. Through Jaiyoeba’s diligence in researching and testing vitamins and food.

Humanitarian Aid and the Way Forward

However, these are not issues that are not receiving attention. UNICEF remains at the forefront of the global battle against child malnutrition as several programs, including national support in coordination of response, technical support and strengthening of already established national systems to tackle malnutrition where they can. A recent example of some of the scale of the work done includes the financial support from the EU Humanitarian Aid Department, which aided UNICEF in responding to the crisis in Haiti affecting children with a contribution of €2.5 million.

Despite the staggering figures of global child malnutrition, companies like Colourful Giggles and organizations like UNICEF remain steadfast in the amount of humanitarian aid they provide to reduce child malnutrition. It is a grand task that requires the larger scale movements of these companies previously mentioned and the donations of those who can look out for future generations. These children who suffer represent a large part of our global future and deserve protection and aid.

– Chinua Ebereonwu
Photo: Flickr

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Women in Nigeria Lead Entrepreneurial Charge

Women in Nigeria Lead Entrepreneurial ChargeThe Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (NBS) has recently reported that women own 40% of the businesses in Nigeria, which is a large improvement from the World Bank’s report of only 34% of women owning businesses in 2018.

Women in the Workforce

Women in Nigeria lead the entrepreneurial charge. More Nigerian women are now focused on making their own money in 2023. Also, according to UN Women, “unemployment has decreased by 7.5% for women in Nigeria.”

They demonstrate the uptick of women in the Nigerian workforce, which men have notably dominated. The increase in women working connects to Nigeria’s dire economic status and the recent gas and food price increases. Nigerian families are struggling to feed their children, forcing women into the labor force.

Women are shattering barriers and breaking into male-dominated jobs such as agriculture, vendors, or skilled manual workers to help their husbands stay afloat and families survive. 

Nigerian Women Breaking the Glass

Today, more Nigerian women have become empowered to join and lead the workforce. 

Fara Ashine-Jituboh is the founder and CEO of Okra, a tech company that helps create a faster way for African companies to access financial data.

“You’re now seeing women be leaders, cofounders, CEOs, CTOs, COOs and they’re building across multiple spaces… More teams are seeing female leaders as well,” says Ashine-Jituboh.

Despite the exceptional growth of female entrepreneurs, Nigerian women still face barriers when starting a business. Recent data by the African Development Bank reports a $42 billion gender financing gap, meaning women are less likely to receive higher business loans compared to men.

Nonetheless, Nigerian women persevere. Many Nigerian women have found great success with numerous tech start-ups, as it is a booming enterprise in Nigeria.

Maya Hogan-Famoda, a Nigerian-American venture capitalist investor in her interview with CNN, states:

“In 2016, it was only $129 million that came into all of African tech; in 2021… venture capital dollars into technology companies were over $5 billion.”

Nigerian Women are Leading the Entrepreneurial Charge

Over the years, tech start-ups have been an excellent route for many female entrepreneurs, but tech is not the only path that brings success to Nigerian women. Here are some female-owned businesses that have thrived in various avenues.

ReelFruits

A pioneering company in the snacks industry in Nigeria, Affiong Williams founded Reel Fruits in 2012 with the initial goal of simply employing Nigerians as Nigeria was dealing with an immense decline in employment.

ReelFruit has created more than 250 jobs in Nigeria and includes local farmers in manufacturing to put money into their economy.

However, Williams has gone beyond her original goal, as she has created the largest dried fruit processing company. They now sell their snacks in more than 10,000 retail stores in Nigeria and have begun to expand into foreign markets, exporting to the U.S. and Europe.

Volition Cap

Volition Cap is a growth equity firm that educates businesses and individuals on creating wealth in Africa. The two Nigerians behind Volition Cap are Subomi Plumptre and Kola Oyeneyin, who founded Volition Cap in 2018  to create a “safety net” for African working-class citizens.

Volition Cap offers online investment courses for small businesses to ensure more African companies are financially stable.

Subomi Plumptre explains in her interview with CNN how important it is to educate the African community on finances.

“If the businesses go under, then it affects the people who depend on the businesses for their livelihoods: the employees, the suppliers, and the contractors. It has such a multiplier effect. So when there’s a recession, as fund managers, we need to turn our attention to funding businesses, and that’s what we’re doing now.’’ 

Plumptre advocates for economic literacy as the helping hand Africa needs to develop thoroughly.

Some of Volition Cap’s most significant accomplishments comprise developing a $30 million private equity fund for local farmers and real estate agents in Africa. The firm collected $250,000 for its entertainment and media fund, which will help filmmakers and the domestic film industry.

House of Tara

Makeup has become a massive market for many Nigerian businesses, and one of the more notable pioneers of its popularity in Nigeria is the founder of House of Tara, Tara Fela-Durotoye.

Fela-Durotoye established House of Tara in 1998 to create makeup designs for Nigerian brides. In 2004, Fela-Durotoye built the first make-up studio and schools in Nigeria, where she would go on to teach 80% of Nigerian makeup artists.

Fela-Durotoye explains to CNN the goal behind the creation of her schools:

“The aim is to equip graduates with everything they need to launch their beauty store, and past graduates have gone on to start small firms that employ a handful of other makeup artists.”

Fela-Durotoye now has 14 schools, 19 studios in different areas of Nigeria, and 4,000 reps nationwide. Being one of the first female-owned businesses in Nigeria, Fela-Durotoye has been a crucial inspiration to many Nigerian women.

Conclusion 

Women in Nigeria lead the entrepreneurial charge by withstanding the blockades thrown at them. Many Nigerian women, like Tara Fela-Durotoye, know these barriers and note that supporting fellow female entrepreneurs will allow for more significant progress in the community and the Nigerian economy.

– Jessica Jean-Baptiste
Photo: Flickr

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3D-Printed Prosthetic Limbs in Cambodia

3D-Printed Prosthetic Limbs in Cambodia
Cambodia is one of the most heavily mined nations due to conflicts between the 1970s and 1990s. It has the highest proportion of landmine survivors, with more than 9,000 people in need of artificial limbs.

The landscape of disability is evolving with an increase in cases resulting from traffic accidents, workplace incidents and diseases related to changing lifestyles, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular conditions.

The demand for prosthetics in Cambodia is profound, with an estimated 1.6 million people living with disabilities and little access to assistive devices, leaving individuals trapped in a lifelong cycle of poverty.

3D-printed prosthetic limbs in Cambodia have emerged as a revolutionary solution for amputees in the most disadvantaged and marginalized populations.

The Solution

The loss of limbs presents significant challenges for individuals. Traditional solutions like wheelchairs are impractical due to poor road conditions in Cambodia. Thus, the absence of prosthetic limbs leaves individuals unable to participate fully in areas such as education, work, community endeavors and daily life activities. As such, the lack of access to affordable prosthetic limbs deepens poverty, especially in a country with a poverty rate that already stood at around 18% in 2019/2020, according to the World Bank.

Cutting-edge 3D-printing technology has transformed the medical field making prostheses as accessible and useful as possible. It offers a rapid and cost-efficient creation of custom prosthetics. For example, one traditional below-the-knee prosthetic can cost from $1,200 to $5,000 and take up to three weeks to make.

However, 3D-printed prosthetics can cost as little as $50 in comparison and can be produced in a day. Therefore, enabling Cambodia to obtain inexpensive prosthetics helps overcome challenges that traditional prosthetic production in this developing nation once faced.

Exceed Worldwide

Exceed is a British charity established in 1989 at Cambodia’s government’s request to assist landmine survivors across five Asian countries. Its mission centers on training individuals free of charge in the art of providing prosthetics and orthotics with a focus on improving the lives of those in need.

For those individuals who can afford it, profits from paid services go towards funding free programs for the most disadvantaged who cannot afford it. The charity thus enables access to prosthetics and orthotics, and allows individuals with lower limb disabilities to experience acceptance and confidence and finally break free from a lifelong cycle of poverty.

Exceed Worldwide Partnerships

Exceed embarked on a transformative journey in 2017 by initiating a seven-month trial in Cambodia in collaboration with a Canadian nonprofit organization, Nia Technologies. It originated in 2015 with a specific focus on orthopedic clinics in resource-poor countries to help clinicians make prosthetics faster and more affordable than traditional methods. This system is designed to align with the existing International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) polypropylene technology to manufacture prosthetic devices. Polypropylene is traditionally chosen in developing nations, as it is cheap, requires few materials in the manufacturing process thus is easy to process and versatile.

This ground-breaking aspect of 3D scanning and printing technology in Cambodia generates digital replicas of limbs in a mere half-hour, avoiding the mess associated with traditional methods. The trial, which involved 60 Cambodian children, employed a technology called “3D Print Ability.” It uses a sophisticated integration of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), scanning, modeling and printing. This process reduces the production of below-the-knee sockets and leg braces to just three days.

Its success in the trial has highlighted the potential for global implementation in Exceed centers worldwide, promising individuals in resource-poor countries more access to devices to help them walk.

Victoria Hand Project

The Victoria Hand Project is a Canadian prosthetics NGO, transforming lives through 3D printing in Cambodia to craft personalized prosthetic hands, revolutionizing the entire prosthetic process for increased efficiency and affordability. The project establishes clinics and equips 3D printers to local communities. This initiative empowers and trains individuals. It offers comprehensive training on printer usage, prosthetic assembly and software utilization.

In 2016, the project forged a significant partnership with ARC Hub PNH, Cambodia’s pioneering 3D printing firm founded in 2013, and the Siem Reap Physical Rehabilitation Centre. Together, these collaborative efforts have resulted in the successful fitting of functional prosthetic hands on upper-limb amputees costing $300 and taking around 40 hours to print.

In 2019, alone around 25 amputees have benefited from Victoria Hand Project’s prosthesis systems. This represents a tangible step toward empowerment and highlights the project’s commitment to making a meaningful difference to Cambodian victims of landmine explosions.

Future Revolution

The adoption of 3D-printed prosthetic limbs in Cambodia marks a ground-breaking advancement in both medical innovation and humanitarian assistance. Key charities have played pivotal roles in transforming the lives of amputees in Cambodia. These initiatives have efficiently addressed the urgent needs of amputees while promoting self-sufficiency and empowerment within local communities.

This collaborative approach, uniting international organizations, local partners and innovative technologies, has made a significant social impact in Cambodia. The success of these efforts highlights the transformative potential of technology in healthcare for developing nations while also demonstrating the power of collaboration and innovation in addressing complex societal challenges.

These initiatives serve as inspiring examples of how advanced technology is reshaping Cambodia’s narrative. It brings positive change and improves the quality of life for people with disabilities while reducing their risk of falling into poverty as it allows them to engage in productive and developmental activities such as education and employment.

– Ellen Jones
Photo: Flickr