Foreign aid coverage and information.

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Successful Programs From Foreign Aid to Guatemala

Foreign Aid to GuatemalaWhile Guatemala is home to the largest economy in Central America, 55.2% of Guatemalans lived in poverty in 2023. Because of the country’s high poverty rate, foreign aid to Guatemala is essential to reducing instability and providing Guatemalans with the resources to establish essential services and agricultural production. Guatemala’s high poverty rate could be due to natural disasters, such as hurricanes and droughts, causing agricultural setbacks. Additionally, political instability and violence have hindered Guatemala’s otherwise decent economy. The country is still recovering from a civil war that lasted for 36 years between 1960 and 1996. Without major investments in education, health and agriculture, Guatemalans continue to live in poverty.

US Foreign Aid to Guatemala

According to the Brookings Institute, foreign aid  “aims to support security, as well as the economic, social and political development of recipient countries and their people.” The United States spends about 1% of the annual federal budget on foreign aid. Additionally, the United States is the top contributor of foreign aid to Guatemala, alongside Spain, South Korea and the European Union.

In 2022, the United States provided $117.9 million in foreign aid to Guatemala per a Congressional report. Much of that funding was dedicated to development assistance. In 2023, the United States provided $121.3 million in foreign aid to Guatemala with a focus on humanitarian needs. President Biden has requested $164.5 million in foreign aid to Guatemala for 2024, according to Congressional Research Service.

Foreign aid to Guatemala funds programs aiming to improve the livelihood of Guatemalans and reduce poverty.

World Bank Country Partnership Framework (CPF)

The World Bank’s Country Partnership Framework (CPF) is a project that aims to increase human capital, resilience to natural disasters and climate change, and improve job opportunities in Guatemala. Over four years from 2024 through 2027, the World Bank’s CPF program will spend $2.5 billion to address Guatemala’s wide-ranging issues, according to the World Bank. These initiatives include infrastructure development, greater access to basic services, improved responses to natural disasters and greater access to economic opportunities in urban and rural areas.

Project Concern International (PCI) and USAID

Barrio Mio, a collaboration between Project Concern International (PCI) and USAID aims to reduce disaster risk in Guatemala by “improving urban infrastructure, housing and livelihoods.”

USAID and PCI launched a prototype of the project between 2012 and 2015 with great success. This included safeguarding homes against landslides through structural changes. The project also identifyed high-risk neighborhoods throughout Guatemala to reduce “vulnerability to crises before they happen.” In phase one alone, Barrio Mio improved nearly 3,000 shelters and provided clean water and sanitation for nearly 800 individuals.

While the first phase of Barrio Mio was launched in 2012, the project’s third phase concluded in 2020 with the expansion of the program in Guatemala City. A goal of the third phase was to increase the effectiveness of responses to urban emergencies, according to the ALNAP case study. Guatemala’s government adopted Barrio Mio’s methodology for emergency response and urban upgrading policy for communities that lacked stable infrastructure and essential services, Global Communities reports.

UN Guatemala Humanitarian Response Plan

The United Nations’ 2023 Guatemala Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) targeted 2.3 million people. The plan focused on protection, food security and nutrition. The HRP targeted four primary groups including children affected by malnutrition, Indigenous and rural families facing food insecurity, people “in situations of human mobility” and people with disabilities.

Of the 4.6 million Guatemalans facing food insecurity in 2023, the HRP targeted roughly 500,000. Additionally, under the HRP, 117 schools were refurbished, allowing over 20,000 children to attend school with “improved educational conditions.” The plan also developed health services across Guatemala.

The Takeaways

Guatemala has faced several setbacks that have negatively affected its population, including climate-related disasters, political instability and economic mismanagement. Foreign aid has greatly helped Guatemalans facing food insecurity, malnourishment and a lack of health and education services.

– Marley Wilson
Photo: Flickr

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Unveiling Lithuania’s Foreign Aid

Lithuania’s Foreign AidIn international affairs, Lithuania may not be the foremost name that springs to mind when discussing foreign assistance. Nevertheless, this Baltic nation has quietly expanded its global outreach through foreign aid programs. Here are some noteworthy insights into Lithuania’s foreign aid efforts.

From Recipient to Provider

The United States (U.S.) and Lithuania share a longstanding history of cooperation and partnership, deeply rooted in shared values and mutual respect. Despite Lithuania’s forcible annexation by the Soviet Union in 1940, the U.S. established diplomatic relations following Lithuania’s declaration of independence in 1990. Since then, the U.S. has supported its democratic and economic growth. This partnership culminated in Lithuania’s accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) in 2004, underscoring the country’s steadfast commitment to democracy and international collaboration.

Since 2004, Lithuania has officially been a provider of development cooperation and became a member of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in 2022. Lithuania’s foreign aid efforts notably promote and safeguard democratic values. It is drawing from its history of political repression during Soviet times. Lithuania emphasizes advancing Eastern Partnerships within the EU framework through channels like the EU. Additionally, it focuses on select priority countries in Central Asia, the Middle East and Africa, primarily focusing on digitalization initiatives.

Steady Growth of Lithuanian ODA

In 2022, Lithuania’s total Official Development Assistance (ODA) amounted to 0.29% of its Gross National Income (GNI), totaling $197 million. Compared to the previous year, this marked a substantial increase of 121.4% in real terms, with its share of GNI rising from 0.14% in 2021. This upward trajectory in Lithuania’s ODA volume has been consistent since 2017, reaching a peak in 2022. This growth primarily stems from the nation’s increase in bilateral grants to Ukraine and its expenses for hosting refugees within the country. In 2022, Lithuania ranked 21st among DAC countries based on its ODA to GNI ratio. Lithuania distinguishes itself by allocating a significant portion of its bilateral ODA to Europe, accounting for 48.2% of its total.

Furthermore, Lithuania’s experience navigating political and economic transitions and its commitment to institutional reform has positioned it as a valuable partner to the EU. Actively engaged, Lithuania leverages its expertise in the public sector to bolster reforms and capacity-building endeavors in other nations through EU-sponsored initiatives.

Current Focus Areas of Aid

In 2021, Lithuania pledged $1.3 million, accounting for 8.3% of its bilateral allocable aid, to enhance trade-related assistance and foster the integration of developing countries into the global economy. Additionally, during the same year, Lithuania allocated $0.9 million toward addressing the root causes of malnutrition in developing nations across various sectors, including maternal health, water, sanitation, hygiene and agriculture. Finally, in 2021, Lithuania dedicated $0.2 million of its bilateral aid to development cooperation projects and programs to promote the inclusion and empowerment of disabled individuals.

Lithuania’s ODA for Ukraine

Since the outbreak of the war with Russia in February 2022, Lithuania has actively engaged in supporting its neighboring country, Ukraine. The profound impact of Russia’s militarism on Lithuania’s national history and other former Soviet countries has fueled a steadfast commitment to providing foreign aid to Ukraine. The government allocated $45.8 million in gross bilateral ODA to Ukraine in response to the conflict, with $37.1 million earmarked for humanitarian assistance. The Bank of Lithuania also transferred $2198.99 to the National Bank of Ukraine for humanitarian aid. The Lithuanian government and its municipalities collectively spent 70 million euros accommodating Ukrainian refugees. Moreover, Lithuania has taken a proactive role in initiating rebuilding projects focused on restoring Ukraine’s infrastructure.

Lithuania’s ODA for COVID-19

Amid the global challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, international assistance for developing countries reached an estimated $165 billion.

Within this context, Lithuania, despite its relatively modest size, provided crucial bilateral support totaling $3.8 million to aid these nations in their fight against the virus. However, demonstrating a significant increase in its commitment to global solidarity a year later, Lithuania substantially bolstered its contributions, allocating a notable $1.5 million in ODA targeted explicitly for combating the ongoing impacts of COVID-19 in developing countries.

Furthermore, in a gesture highlighting the urgency of vaccine equity, Lithuania participated in the global effort to address vaccine inequality by donating excess vaccine doses valued at $1.5 million as part of its ODA allocation. These actions underscore Lithuania’s evolving role in international aid efforts and its recognition of the importance of collective action in addressing global issues.

– Naomi Ronner
Photo: Flickr

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Higher Education in Venezuela

Higher Education in VenezuelaStudents aspiring to pursue higher education in Venezuela encounter numerous challenges, including low salaries, insufficient funding, limited supply access and more.  The ongoing political crisis in Venezuela makes it difficult for young adults to focus on or harbor hope for their future. This crisis has garnered the attention of other nations and a few organizations are providing aid for Venezuelan students.

Venezuela’s Higher Education Crisis

The political unrest in Venezuela has forced people to leave their homes since 2015. Approximately 1,600 professors have left institutions searching for higher-paying positions due to the sharp decline in faculty salaries in 2017. For those who have stayed, the ongoing inflation is a significant hardship. Inflation has rendered it exceedingly challenging for young adults to pursue higher education. Numerous people have felt compelled to abandon college or even high school to assist their parents in supporting their families. The economic downturn has already led many students to relinquish hope for their future.

Those who can afford university need help with the outdated curriculum. A report from Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) and Universidad Metropolitana (UNIMET) conducted in 2017 revealed corruption in the Venezuelan higher education system. In his presentation, UCAD rector Francisco Virtuoso reported that it had been ten years since the Consejo Nacional de Universidades (CNU) allowed universities to revise and renew curricula at the undergraduate or graduate levels. There has been constant meddling in the internal affairs of public universities, for example, in the selection and admission of new students and new professors. Many students have taken strike in light of these affairs.

Providing Aid for Venezuelan Students

The higher education crisis in Venezuela has garnered the attention of various organizations committed to aiding Venezuelan college students and professors. The Institute of International Education (IIE) is a global program supporting threatened and displaced scholars worldwide. In response to the crisis in Venezuela, IIE has stepped up its efforts by assisting college professors and researchers, as reported by Elliot-Meisel in 2020. The institute facilitates the relocation of a $25,000 grant for scholars facing challenging circumstances. These fellowships enable scholars to continue their research or teaching endeavors in Latin America or any chosen location.

IIE has extended its support to Venezuelan students grappling with the crisis, offering 59 grants to assist them. These students are seamlessly transitioned to American educational institutions and receive financial aid from the Emergency Student Fund (ESF), amounting to $3,000-$5,000. This funding helps cover tuition fees, accommodation expenses and the purchase of necessary supplies. Moreover, host institutions go the extra mile by providing work-study opportunities to these students throughout their studies. The United States (U.S.) has emerged as a preferred destination for these fleeing students, with nearly 8,400 opting to pursue their education there during the 2017-2018 academic year.

Despite grappling with corruption and economic turmoil, the Venezuelan government remains resolute in its commitment to keep every university operational, with new ones even being established. Notably, Venezuela boasts the most diverse higher education system in the region. Reports indicate many recent high school graduates enrolling in free programs across various fields. However, the absence of current official figures to substantiate this trend raises concerns and lingering uncertainties surrounding the sustainability and quality of these new educational institutions.

Future of Venezuela’s Students

Venezuelan students demonstrate remarkable resilience in adversity as they pursue education. Among them is Camille Covarrubias, who fled Venezuela during her sophomore year of nursing school amid pervasive corruption in her village. She relocated to the U.S. on a student visa for further studies in 2017. Camille remained undeterred despite the setback of not transferring her previously earned credits. She persevered through the support of college programs, dedicated professors and her peers. As of 2023, she is now advancing toward her master’s degree in nursing.

Conclusion

Given the state of the economy and government, the road to improving higher education opportunities for young adults in Venezuela is long and challenging. Students require assistance obtaining essential supplies financial support and ensuring their safety throughout their academic pursuits. Fortunately, there are organizations dedicated to providing aid for Venezuelan students like Camille, who are determined to pursue further education despite the challenges posed by corruption within the Venezuelan school system.

– Heather Gisi
Photo: Pexels

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The Delivery of Foreign Aid to Sudan

Foreign Aid to Sudan

The delivery of foreign aid to Sudan has been facing major challenges and obstacles, due to local authorities imposing bureaucratic security restrictions.

The Situation 

After the recent violence between Sudan’s army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the country is in dire need of basic human assistance, including food, water, shelter and health services. According to Clementine Nkweta-Salami, Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan, more than 6 million people have fled the ongoing civil war and are displaced in Sudan or in neighboring countries. 

This civil war puts Sudan on the verge of a humanitarian disaster and a refugee crisis, with 25 million people in need of assistance and protection. On July 19, 2023, the United Nations (U.N.) sponsored an event raising nearly $1.5 billion from international donors to fund life-saving relief efforts in the region, calling on parties in Sudan to immediately end the fighting.

US Aid to Sudan

In 2023, the United States provided more than $700 million in foreign aid to Sudan and neighboring countries experiencing the impacts of the ongoing crisis, including Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Central African Republic.

At a briefing last month, Nkweta-Salami expressed that the country is facing many challenges in receiving foreign aid. Bureaucratic security restrictions have hindered delivering aid and granting visas to humanitarian workers, as well as preventing those seeking safety from fleeing the country. Since early September, Sudanese authorities have banned the transportation of surgical supplies to hospitals in Khartoum, which is under RSF control. As a result, Khartoum citizens cannot receive life-saving treatment and some hospitals have suspended operations. 

The prolonged conflict in Sudan has led to a huge increase of people experiencing food insecurity. More than 20 million people are facing hunger, with 6.3 million being one step away from famine. Additionally, 30% of the Sudanese population is unable to afford local food and the prices of food have increased by nearly 50% since the start of the conflict in April. Many children and pregnant or nursing women suffer from malnutrition, but the conflict has closed 80% of hospitals. 

Aid from the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)

The Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) set up a cash assistance distribution point in Khartoum, utilizing funding from the Sudan Humanitarian Fund to help alleviate the crisis in that region. The cash is usable for non-food items and emergency shelter. The NRC cited this method as “more effective, faster, and easier to control and meet people’s needs.” About 210,300 people have received emergency shelter and non-food items through the U.N. and other humanitarian partners.

The Importance of Humanitarian Aid Access

Nkweta-Salami stressed the importance of improving humanitarian aid access. Thus far, Sudan has received only one-third of the $2.6 billion needed to alleviate the worst of the crisis. “If we don’t act now, Sudan risks becoming a protracted crisis where there is little hope and fewer dreams,” said Nkweta-Salami.

Aside from the $1.5 billion raised in July, U.N. Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Martin Griffiths announced an additional $22 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund. According to the U.N., more than $3 billion are needed to allocate life-saving multisectoral assistance and protection services to the millions of people displaced and seeking refuge. It urges donors to continue contributing to the Humanitarian Response Plan and the Refugee Response Plan. 

Looking Ahead

On the brink of famine, facing nationwide food insecurity and a lack of health services, with millions displaced, Sudan needs foreign aid now more than ever. International agencies can also help by putting pressure on the Sudanese government to lessen the restrictions currently keeping aid from reaching the population.

– Noura Dakka
Photo: Flickr

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Foreign Aid to Iraq: A Keystone in Rebuilding and Development

Foreign Aid to IraqIraq has a long and rich history that extends back thousands of years, with significant contributions to mathematics, science and literature. However, in recent decades, conflicts have plagued Iraq, including the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War and the Iraq War, which have had a devastating impact on the country’s infrastructure and economy. The cessation of hostilities with the Islamic State group in 2018 marked a transition from immediate crisis response to addressing the protracted humanitarian needs of a nation in reconstruction. The commitment of foreign aid to Iraq has been paramount in supporting the nation’s path toward stability and growth.

The European Union’s Pivotal Role

Since 2003, the European Union (EU) has played a critical role in humanitarian support in Iraq, with a strong emphasis on legal aid and protection for vulnerable populations. Acknowledging the long-term challenges, in 2023, the EU dedicated €17 million to aid internally displaced individuals, underscoring education, health care and assistance, particularly for those grappling with the aftermath of camp closures. This allocation is part of the EU’s sustained efforts, which have seen contributions such as €5 million, €79 million and €150 million in various years, to bolster Iraq’s recovery process. Collectively, the EU has provided over €547 million since 2014, reaching more than 400,000 Iraqis and emphasizing the importance of civil documentation for ensuring access to fundamental rights and services.

USAID’s Multifaceted Support

The United States, via USAID, has been a consistent ally to Iraq, focusing on community stability and economic prosperity. Since 2014, USAID has provided $3 billion in humanitarian aid to address essential needs such as water access, sanitation and food security. Its programs have supported the rebuilding of communities, particularly those that ISIS ravaged, with a focus on local resilience and sustainable recovery initiatives.

Governance and Economic Development

USAID’s commitment extends to cultivating a democratic, accountable governance system in Iraq. Efforts to enhance the transparency of political processes and service delivery are pivotal in their strategy. USAID strives to incorporate civil society actors into these processes, promoting a more inclusive and equitable society and aligning with the broader objective of Iraq’s stability and prosperity.

Challenges and Prospects

Despite the formidable challenges of governance, economic strain and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, foreign aid to Iraq has provided immediate relief and the foundation for the country’s long-term recovery. The collaboration of entities like the EU and USAID signals a concerted effort toward a more secure and affluent Iraq.

A Unified Path Forward

Foreign aid to Iraq, including humanitarian assistance and development support, has been instrumental in confronting the country’s complex challenges. The collaborative efforts of the EU, USAID and other international partners underscore a shared commitment to Iraq’s enduring recovery and resilience. As Iraq advances on its quest for peace and prosperity, unwavering support from the international community is imperative. The persistence of this support not only fulfills immediate needs but also assists in laying the groundwork for a stable, prosperous Iraq, contributing significantly to global peace and stability.

– Hana Alkhodairi
Photo: Flickr

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Slovenia’s Foreign Aid: Empowering Communities and Transforming Lives 

Slovenia's Foreign Aid: Empowering Communities and Transforming Lives 
Slovenia is a country in Central Europe with a population of around 2.1 million people. Beneath its picturesque landscapes and rich cultural heritage lies a nation with a strong commitment to global solidarity. Slovenia is an active donor of foreign aid, which is an important part of its foreign policy and reflects its values and interests. Slovenia’s foreign aid aims to support the development, peace, security and human rights of countries and people in need, especially in the Western Balkans, the European neighborhood and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Recent Trends in Slovenia’s Foreign Aid

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Slovenia increased its Official Development Assistance (ODA) by 48.7% in 2022 compared to the year before, from $98.25 million to $155.78 million. Slovenia’s exceptional contributions to Ukraine, the care of Ukrainian refugees in Slovenia, the cancellation of the clearing debt of the Republic of Angola, and the increased development aid from the European Union (EU) budget are the primary drivers behind this substantial increase. 

Slovenia also expresses its solidarity with countries and people in need of humanitarian assistance, especially in the aftermath of natural and man-made disasters and armed conflicts. In October of 2023, Slovenia allocated €120,000 to Armenia through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to support the forcibly displaced persons of Nagorno-Karabakh.

Education Efforts

A well-educated workforce is vital for a thriving economy, and Slovenia recognizes this importance. Each year, hundreds of individuals from Western Balkans states benefit from scholarships provided by the Slovene Human Resources Development and Scholarship Fund. This initiative is a significant contribution to poverty eradication, empowering individuals and fostering sustainable development in the region. Slovenia’s investment in education directly addresses a root cause of poverty – the lack of access to opportunities. This commitment reflects a proactive approach to building a brighter future for the Western Balkans.

Support During Syria’s Conflict

A decade after the onset of the Syrian conflict, humanitarian needs across the country remain complex and are intensifying due to the deepening social crisis. Slovenia’s foreign aid focuses on enhancing stabilization in Northeast Syria. This involves improving overall security, livelihoods and food security in areas affected by explosive hazards and contamination. Working with relevant organizations, Slovenia plans to identify priority locations for conducting workshops that raise awareness about the dangers of explosive devices.

Specifically, the program will target the most affected communities in Al Hasakah province alongside overlooked areas, where the impact of the crisis is likely to be severe. The initiative aims to reach 6,000 children and adults from the most vulnerable or neglected communities through awareness-raising activities about the dangers of explosive devices.

Efforts in Somalia

The Horn of Africa is facing its worst drought in over four decades, with the March-May 2022 rainy season being the driest on record in the past 70 years. The ongoing drought in Somalia has surpassed both the 2010-2011 and 2016-2017 droughts in both duration and severity. In response, Slovenia has joined other donor countries through the World Food Programme (WFP) to allocate more than $100,000 in emergency humanitarian aid to support at least 15 million people who are currently in need of immediate food aid due to droughts in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. 

Poverty Reduction

Slovenia’s foreign aid initiatives place a strong emphasis on poverty reduction. Recognizing that poverty is a multifaceted issue, the country adopts a comprehensive approach that goes beyond mere financial assistance. Beekeeping or apiculture is the practice of managing honey bee colonies for the production of honey and other bee products, such as beeswax, propolis and royal jelly. In 2021 and 2022, Slovenia partnered with locals to implement beekeeping projects aimed at empowering mine victims in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Due to the overwhelmingly positive response from participants, the project will continue through 2023 and 2024. Slovenia aid has helped countless individuals escape the cycle of poverty, offering them hope and opportunities for a brighter future. 

Key Factors That Inspire Slovenia’s Foreign Aid 

Looking Ahead

In 2022, more than 51,100 physiotherapeutic, gynecological and dental services were delivered to the citizens of Kabul, with a focus on women and children lacking access to health care.

Looking ahead, Slovenia’s Republic supports plans to offer more than 74,000 medical services in gynecology, internal medicine, pediatrics, orthopedics and neurology. This initiative prioritizes vulnerable citizens in Kabul, especially women and children, laying the groundwork for a fairer and more prosperous future.

Slovenia acknowledges the vital role of sustainable development in long-term prosperity. Through sharing expertise in green technologies and sustainable practices, Slovenia empowers partner countries to build resilient and environmentally friendly economies. This proactive foreign aid approach addresses immediate community needs while preparing humanity to thrive amid future challenges, ultimately combating poverty and fostering a sustainable Earth.

Motivated by a strong sense of responsibility, Slovenia leads foreign aid initiatives, showcasing how even a smaller nation can make a profound global impact. Slovenia consistently demonstrates a commitment to a more just world by promoting sustainable development, empowering women and children and combating poverty.

The transformative impact of Slovenia’s foreign aid is evident in the lives of millions, lifting individuals and communities out of poverty, providing them with a voice and enabling them to shape their destinies.

– Abraham Ikongshul
Photo: Flickr

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How Foreign Aid in Afghanistan Helps

Foreign Aid in Afghanistan
On October 7, 2023, a powerful earthquake hit the grounds of Afghanistan and wreaked havoc. Violent shakes hit the city of Herat three times. More than 2,000 people lost their lives due to the natural disaster. The quakes reduced whole villages to rubble, burying families and leaving many homeless as winter arrived. After the earthquakes in Afghanistan, global aid groups and rescue teams have issued warnings. With the recent seismic activity, an escalating humanitarian crisis amid war and a collapsed economy requires attention. What is even more concerning is the human recovery aspect. The earthquakes reduced entire villages to debris, and inadequate funding, coupled with limited global awareness, hampers foreign aid efforts in Afghanistan.

Afghanistan in Relentless Crisis 

On August 15, 2021, Taliban rule looked over Afghanistan as NATO and U.S. forces left the country. This year, the country is entitled to no growth territory by the World Bank. The private sector appears weak, with no opportunity for growth. The industrial and agricultural sectors also saw sharp decreases in GDP. This decline is due to harmful gender policies that have shut down women-run businesses and weather conditions with no resources for the farmers to adjust.

Following the Taliban takeover, civilian and security aid abruptly ceased, amounting to more than $8 billion annually, roughly 40% of Afghanistan’s GDP. This sudden economic shock, compounded by sanctions, the freezing of Afghanistan’s foreign exchange reserves and the reluctance of foreign banks to engage with the country, placed an unparalleled strain on Afghanistan’s economy. Afghanistan’s GDP is a challenge, but estimates suggest a roughly 20% decrease in the aftermath of August 2021. Hunger and hardship are continuously increasing in Afghanistan.

How the Earthquake Has Worsened the Condition

The reduction in Afghanistan’s foreign aid after the occupation of the Taliban for two years and much international assistance has also stopped. This change had a dire effect on the country’s health care system. The consecutive earthquakes in Afghanistan have made this problem more grave.

Residents report that after the earthquakes in Afghanistan, Taliban fighters barricaded the streets leading to the hospital, preventing anyone from seeking medical assistance and subjecting those searching for loved ones to beatings with pipes and guns.

Within the hospital, survivors from homes reduced to rubble now occupy beds in the courtyard or sit on the floors. Fatigued health care personnel are making valiant efforts, but supplies are dwindling, and the oxygen reserves are nearly depleted. Patients endure agonizing waits of hours or even days for critical medical care without access to pain relief. In this case, Afghans desperately need foreign aid to survive.

Foreign Aid in Afghanistan Aids in Crisis

The first to respond and send immediate help after the earthquakes in Afghanistan was The Afghan Red Crescent Society (ARCS). Additionally, the IFRC and another partner Red Cross Red Crescent Societies also came. They worked rapidly and provided emergency medical aid, along with non-food supplies. The survivors received temporary shelter while rescue and search operations in the affected provinces also occurred.

The United States, via USAID, is offering $12 million in immediate humanitarian aid. Seeing the devastation, along with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), aid was supplied to earthquake-affected individuals with emergency shelter kits, cooking and water collection materials, blankets, solar lamps, clothing and household items. Considering the possibility of disease outbreaks like watery diarrhea, IOM is also working on rehabilitating water sources in villages with damaged infrastructure to ensure safe drinking water access.

Despite the challenges that Afghanistan has faced, these foreign aid efforts in Afghanistan are making a considerable impact. Through the work of The Afghan Red Crescent Society, USAID, IOM and more, quality of life for Afghanis should only improve.

– Asra Mairaj
Photo: Flickr

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Foreign Aid to Lebanon

Foreign Aid to Lebanon
Lebanon is a culturally rich and diverse country in West Asia, with a population of more than 5 million. Following the outbreak of civil war in Syria in 2011, and the deadly explosion in the port of Beirut in 2020, a destabilized political landscape has increased the need for foreign aid to Lebanon.

The European Commission cites the political crisis in Lebanon as a reason for increased poverty statistics in the country: 36% of Lebanese live in extreme poverty, while 90% of Syrian refugees living in Lebanon are said to be dependent on aid to cover basic human needs. 

As a result, various governments and intergovernmental organizations have organized aid to Lebanon. A look at different aid plans from the U.S., the EU and the U.K. showcases the different forms foreign aid can take and how it tackles extreme poverty.

US Aid

On June 14, 2023, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) outlined its latest plans for foreign aid to Lebanon in a press release. USAID announced an additional $17.4 million in funding to help combat what it deems “deteriorating human conditions” in Lebanon, which it claims currently affect around 2.26 million people.

The press release also detailed how this particular boost in funding will be split between three different organizations fighting Lebanon’s current humanitarian crisis. It announced that $11.1 million will go toward the UN World Food Programme (WFP), while the remaining $6.3 million will go to two USAID partners: Relief International and International Medical Corps.

Since October 2022, the U.S. has provided close to $92 million in foreign aid to Lebanese citizens, and refugees from all countries currently in Lebanon. 

As the largest contributor in USD to the Official Development Assistance (ODA) budget, providing $55.28 billion in 2022, the U.S. has continued to assist Lebanon through other international programs. According to the World Bank, 2021 saw the biggest spike since the end of Lebanon’s civil war in 1990 in its recipients of ODA, receiving 6.9% of its GNI to help its impoverished populations. 

EU Aid

On a visit to Lebanon on March 30, 2023, European Commissioner for Crisis Management Janez Lenarčič announced €60 million in humanitarian aid from the EU to help those in the country most in need. According to the EU, money from this package will go towards funding food, education, health, cash support and disaster preparation, providing aid to the Lebanese population and Syrian refugees. While admitting that the lives of those in Lebanon could not be drastically improved until political unrest is resolved, Lenarčič claimed that “humanitarian aid is essential for the victims of Lebanon’s multiple crises.” 

Since 2011, the EU has provided more than €3 billion towards improving the situation in Lebanon, including almost €860 million in humanitarian aid alone.

As well as this, several EU member states make up some of the highest contributors to ODA by percentage of GNI. In 2022, Luxembourg, Sweden and Germany all surpassed the contribution target of 0.7% of GNI. 

UK Aid

The recent U.K.-Lebanon development partnership summary (published July 17, 2023) outlines how the country’s foreign aid to Lebanon is targeting the most vulnerable populations facing the effects of the humanitarian crisis. 

Like the U.S., the U.K. is a supporter of UN programs helping those on the ground in Lebanon, including the WFP’s Syrian refugee response in Lebanon, which provides ‘multi-purpose cash assistance’ to support refugees’ basic needs. In the financial year 2022-23, the U.K. claims its individual monetary aid to the program reached 27,180 households per month for 3 months. 

The government summary also emphasizes the positive effect of U.K. contributions to ODA reaching Lebanon. Between 2016 and 2023, the U.K.’s £78 million in ODA support to Lebanese-launched Reaching All Children with Education (RACE) was partially credited for the maintenance of schooling in 2022 for around 500,000 Lebanese and refugee children. 

Conclusion

Foreign aid to Lebanon has been widespread in 2023 and demonstrates a continued international effort to fight the extreme poverty that the current humanitarian crisis caused.

While the political situation within Lebanon’s borders and in neighboring Syria remains unresolved, positive action is being taken throughout the nation as a result of foreign aid to alleviate the impact on hundreds of thousands of vulnerable populations.

– Alice Weatherley
Photo: Unsplash

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Niger’s Coup and its Repercussions on Foreign Aid

Niger’s coup
While Africa’s so-called Coup Belt may have been enveloped in a period of relative dormancy over the past decade, recent coups and rebellions in the Sahel have reignited concerns over political stability and governance in the region. The 2023 military takeover in Niger serves as one such prominent reminder of the underlying challenges facing the Sahel, highlighting the devastation insurgency can bear on critical aid and developmental support reaching its nations while forcing consideration of alternative routes to attaining regional sustenance and growth.

The Resurgence of West and Central Africa’s Coup Belt

The geographical stretch of West and Central Africa’s Sahel, what is referred to as its Coup Belt, has witnessed a resurgence of its historical tendency towards significant political unrest, characterized by rebellion and conflict, including Niger’s recent 2023 coup.

Turmoil in the Backdrop of One of the Poorest Nations

Within Niger’s harsh landscape, poverty looms large, leading to its Human Development Index ranking as the world’s third lowest in 2023. A staggering 41% of Niger’s population grapples with extreme poverty, while 40% of the state budget hinges on foreign aid.

Pressure on resources essential for sustenance has also been on the rise, with spillover from inflated food prices in Nigeria, the influx of refugees from conflict in neighboring states, as well as the lingering effects of Niger’s 2021 drought.

Additionally, early 2023 reports indicate that Niger struggles with severe food insecurity, affecting more than 3.3 million individuals, with approximately 7.3 million more faced with moderate food insecurity while perched on the edge of worsening conditions. Hence, agitation from the recent coup and its aftermath threatens to plunge a further 28% of the population into an even more dire state of hunger.

The International Reaction to Niger’s Coup

On July 26, Niger experienced momentous political upheaval as the military revolted, detaining President Mohamed Bazoum, suspending the constitution and installing General Abdourahmane Tchiani as the new head of state. The military further established the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a governing body that took hold of both legislative and executive powers.

Niger’s coup was immediately and vigorously met with international condemnation. Nations and international and regional organizations were quick to respond with varying means of pressure on the governing military to restore constitutional order, primarily through sanctions and rollback on foreign aid and assistance.

Following Niger’s coup, the EU promptly announced a suspension of all budgetary support and the cessation of security collaborations with Niger, a sentiment that reverberated in the individual responses of European governments to the coup.

International and Regional Organizations Respond to the Coup

Prior to the 2023 Coup, Niger had already been heavily dependent on international assistance. With external budget support and loans accounting for almost half its annual budget, foreign aid to Niger constitutes a crucial lifeline for its fiscal operations. Niger receives infusions of nearly $2 billion in development aid annually, making it West Africa’s second-largest beneficiary of international assistance.

Niger also possesses one of the most substantial portfolios within the World Bank in the African region, valued at $4.5 billion. Between 2022 to 2023 alone, Niger received a noteworthy $600 million in direct budgetary support extended by the World Bank.

However, in tandem with the global community after the coup, the World Bank suspended disbursements for most operations in Niger, except specific partnerships. While such measures are aimed at quelling political insurgency, they also bear direct repercussions on the livelihood of Nigeriens. For example, the termination of an ongoing joint cash program established between the Bank and Niger intended to provide support to vulnerable populations, is anticipated to impact an estimated 66,000 Nigerien households.

Regional Sanctions Highlight the Extent of Nigerien Dependency on Foreign Aid

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) had committed to ending the recent surge of coups within the Sahel region of West Africa. Following the coup in Niger, ECOWAS enforced a series of sanctions, encompassing border closures, cessation of commercial activities, asset freezes and the suspension of financial aid to Niger. The Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) also took a resolute stance, freezing Niger’s assets and shuttering its local branches due to operational risks.

The ECOWAS sanctions induced far-reaching effects, leading to the cancellation of Niger’s planned $51 million bond issuance in the West African regional debt market, invoking uncertainties over Niger’s ability to meet debt repayments. Additionally, the gravity of ECOWAS sanctions on Niger was exemplified by Nigeria’s cessation of power supply through the Birnin-Kebbi line, causing prolonged power outages in the Capital Niamey, among other cities.

Furthermore, Niger’s landlocked status amplified the impact as neighboring countries strictly enforced border restrictions. Nigeria, which supplies 70% of Niger’s electricity, severed the power link, raising concerns over economic repercussions across all sectors. As Niger’s primary supplier of food imports, the cessation of trade with Nigeria also resulted in a 17% increase in the price of rice within the first week of sanctions.

Nevertheless, a glimmer of hope remains. While ECOWAS had similarly imposed sanctions on Guinea, Mali and Burkina Faso, it eventually lifted them, despite their remaining under military rule.

Hope for Niger

The military government of Niger has announced the reopening of borders with Algeria, Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali and Chad. From among its neighbors, Mali and Burkina Faso have already signaled solidarity by planning a joint official delegation to support Niger. Algeria also emerged as an ally to Niger’s positive trajectory, advocating for a peaceful diplomatic resolution that would enable it to honor its long-standing commitment to building deeper political, security and economic relations with Niger.

Finally, in a broader context, while Western powers exert significant pressure on Niger for the restoration of the deposed president, indications of support for ECOWAS military interference remain scant, as concerns regarding potential immigration flows towards Europe in the aftermath likely deter from the idea.

– Nadia Asaad
Photo: Flickr

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Foreign Aid to India: Top 4 Contributions

Foreign Aid in IndiaIndia is the world’s largest recipient of foreign aid, receiving more than $80 billion in 2020. This aid comes from a variety of sources, including developed countries, international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). India is home to the world’s largest population of poor people. India has a population of more than 1.4 billion people and more than 280 million of them live below the poverty line. That is equivalent to 10 times the entire population of Australia!

Foreign Aid Has Been Instrumental in Reducing Poverty in India

The good news is that India has taken several initiatives over the last two decades to significantly improve its economic growth. According to the World Bank,  the poverty ratio in India fell from 45% in 1993 to 21% by 2011. This decline is attributed to several other factors, such as improving education standards and progressive economic policies, however, foreign aid has also played a key role in alleviating poverty in India.

Top 4 Ways Foreign Aid Has Helped in India’s Fight Against Poverty

  • Helping India in building infrastructure and promoting economic development. With only 1% of the world’s vehicles, India accounts for nearly 10% of all crash related deaths. According to a World Bank study, road crashes are estimated to cost the Indian economy between 5 to 7% of GDP a year. Over the last six decades, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has provided billions of dollars in aid to India for a variety of projects, including the Green Revolution, the construction of dams and irrigation canals and the provision of education and healthcare. Another leading example is World Bank which has also provided billions of dollars in aid to India, for projects such as the construction of roads and bridges, the development of renewable energy sources and the improvement of financial services.
  • Addressing humanitarian crises. In India, 2.4 million people suffer from HIV/AIDS infection and as per WHO, India has 15 million cases of malaria with 19,500–20,000 deaths annually. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has provided hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to India for projects such as the fight against malaria and HIV/AIDS and the improvement of education and healthcare.
  • Advancing education and thereby creating employment opportunities. Although India has made significant progress in improving its literacy rate over the past two decades, it still stands at 74% as of 2018, meaning that more than 300 million people remain illiterate. Foreign Aid has helped improve education in India by supporting innovative educational programs designed to meet the needs of specific groups of children, such as girls, children from rural areas or children with disabilities. In 2020, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation contributed more than $500,000 to Pratham, an NGO focused on improving education in India.
  • Advancing inclusive development and women’s economic empowerment. According to the latest World Bank figures from 2021, less than 1 in 5 Indian women work – at least formally. Foreign aid has helped build partnerships and leveraged local resources to ensure marginalized and underrepresented population have equitable access to quality healthcare, sanitation, education, nutrition, finance and household decision-making. In India, USAID combats stigma and discrimination and promotes the rights and inclusion of populations in high-risk situations, including indigenous and tribal peoples, women and persons with disabilities.

The Future of Foreign Aid in India

The resulting impact of foreign aid in India has been mixed. On the one hand, foreign aid has helped to reduce poverty and improve the lives of millions of Indians. On the other hand, there have also been some negative consequences, such as corruption and dependency on foreign assistance.

The future of foreign aid in India is uncertain. The Indian economy is growing rapidly and the country is becoming less reliant on foreign assistance. However, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed, such as poverty, hunger and illiteracy. Foreign aid can play a key role in addressing these challenges.

– Brijesh Goel
Photo: Unsplash