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Aging in Silence: Combating Elderly Poverty in Comoros

Elderly Poverty in ComorosEmpty porches, quiet villages across Comoros mask a hidden crisis; countless elderly are slipping into poverty with few protections to catch them. However, recent reforms and community-led projects have offered a path toward dignity and renewal.

A Crisis of Aging Without Support

Comoros is a lower-middle-income archipelago of about 866,000 people. Poverty remains widespread; approximately 38% of the population lived below the $3.65 per day poverty line in 2024. This hardship is concentrated in rural areas, where elderly individuals often lack stable income, pensions or access to basic services.

There is no universal pension system. Many older adults continue subsistence farming into advanced age, often when health limits their work. With adult children migrating to Mayotte, France or mainland Africa, elders can be left isolated, reliant on intermittent remittances or community goodwill.

Remittances from Comorians abroad are a financial lifeline, contributing roughly 25% of gross domestic product (GDP). They offer crucial short-term support but cannot substitute systemic protection. Their distribution is uneven, especially among disadvantaged older women and those on remote islands.

Many older people in Comoros suffer from chronic illnesses such as hypertension, arthritis, diabetes and visual impairment, conditions that worsen without consistent access to health care. Mental health concerns, including depression and cognitive decline, are common among older adults, especially those living in isolation or without financial security.

Poverty impacts older women more severely than men in Comoros. Due to lower lifetime earnings, informal labor participation and gender inequality in property ownership, women are less likely to have savings or access to land or inheritance. Older women are also more likely to be widowed and live alone, making them more vulnerable to poverty and neglect.

Building Hope Through Social Protection

In 2023, the World Bank approved a $30 million grant to strengthen the country’s social safety net. The funds support cash transfers for the chronically poor, climate-sensitive public works and income-generating programs reaching more than 40,000 households. While not specifically for older adults, the program lays essential groundwork for broader inclusion.

A Vision of Inclusion

Comoros is at a pivotal moment: economic growth is projected to reach 4% by 2027, partly fueled by remittances, tourism and public investments connected to the Comoros Emergent 2030 plan. Yet without urgent, elder-focused policies, the nation risks leaving its seniors behind.

By weaving elders into economic plans through pensions, health care, community conservation and blue economy jobs, Comoros can recognize and repay the generation that nurtured it through adversity. Support from the diaspora, international donors and NGOs could align with government efforts to create a society where leaders can age with dignity.

With determined leadership and sustained investment, Comoros could transform elderly poverty from a silent crisis into a story of resilience and shared prosperity.

– Reign Lankford

Reign is based in Houston, TTX, USA and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Elderly Poverty in the Marshall Islands

Elderly Poverty in Republic of the Marshall IslandsFor those living in elderly poverty in the Marshall Islands, the challenges and hardships they face may have roots in the country’s economy and society. People within the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) view economic insecurity as a problem as it controls the availability of social security or pension systems. These systems are very limited or inadequate, leaving many of the elderly vulnerable. For example, although health care has improved in RMI, it may be difficult for elders in poverty to access it as a great number of the population is dispersed around the islands.

Elderly poverty in the Marshall Islands also has links to food insecurity. Droughts and increased storms impact the RMI, with both causing a decrease in natural food and water supplies, as well as limiting imports of food and triggering disease outbreaks. Those living in elderly poverty may also experience inadequate housing or loss of coastal homes due to the sea levels rising and storm patterns.

The main cause of elderly poverty in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is due to the dependence on the United States for jobs. Due to the Compact of Free Association between the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the citizens of the Marshall Islands can live and work in the U.S. without visas.

This dependence on the U.S. to provide jobs creates no gainful employment opportunities for Marshallese citizens on-island. Some citizens rely on those migrating out for jobs to send out goods as their support.

Changing Weather Patterns

Major natural hazards due to changing weather patterns in the Marshall islands are sea level rise, droughts and tropical storms and typhoons. Threats from droughts and saltwater intrusion make freshwater scarce throughout the islands. This lack of water undermines food security, which increases reliance on imports to supplement nutrients. The imported food can often be unhealthy and are a risk for those already living with certain health risks such as diabetes, obesity or other infectious diseases.

Limited Health Care Access

The RMI population is strewn across the various islands, making it difficult to provide the citizens with proper health care. Stigmas surrounding illnesses and a trust in traditional healing also encourages the Marshallese to delay seeking proper care.

The Marshallese hold certain cultural values that prevent them from receiving proper medical aid as they may not seek treatment until symptoms become severe. Illnesses such as leprosy, HIV and tuberculosis can cause the afflicted Marshallese to experience discrimination due to the severe stigmas surrounding the illnesses. This also causes the afflicted to avoid seeking proper care. 

Lack of Formal Social Security

While the Marshall Islands has a social insurance system providing old-age benefits, it is not the same as the universal old-age benefit system. The key difference is the availability to all residents regardless of contribution. The old-age pension benefit system within the Marshall Islands outlines a qualifying age of 61, each qualifier would receive a three-month period of coverage earned by a certain amount of work under social security.

Solutions

The Senior Citizens Act of 2018 in the RMI establishes a government policy of supporting senior citizens and promoting elderly well-being as well as societal participation.

Developing formal social security as a solution can help elderly poverty in the Marshall Islands, as eligible retirees receive regular payments that will supply a crucial source of income. Along with this, benefits can extend to a wider range of people in vulnerable groups such as older women, those with lower income and those with less access to private retirement savings or pensions.

A wider availability of benefits will also provide more freedom when it comes to retirement choices. A formal social security system will also incorporate life insurance and disability insurance components. This system would also extend to the younger population, as well as to individuals with severe disabilities.

– Eva Wakelin

Eva is based in Atlanta, GA, USA and focuses on Technology and Solutions for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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Colombia’s Pension Reform is Fighting Poverty

Colombia’s Pension ReformDuring a person’s working years, a portion of their income is set aside and invested in a fund that grows over time. This money can only be accessed after retirement, providing a stable income when they are no longer working. Pensions are essential for helping elderly people avoid poverty after they retire.

Elderly Poverty in Colombia

The South American country of Colombia has a population of approximately 50 million people, of which more than 7 million (14%) are above the age of 60. According to a study conducted by the Institute of Aging at Colombia’s Javeriana University, 28.4% of this population (or 1.8 million) are living below the poverty line. The study also found that more than one million people in this age demographic are “victims of Colombia’s armed conflict,” which has been going on for decades

Inflation during and after the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted many countries, including Colombia. Since 2021, the inflation rate has grown exponentially, peaking at 13.34% in March 2023. While the current rate is much lower, the effects of inflation are still widely present. These effects are especially difficult for elderly people, who often rely on fixed incomes and have limited opportunities to increase their earnings.

In 2023, Colombia’s pension plan only covered 25.5% of the elderly population, according to Bloomberg Linea. This situation leads many older Colombians to extend their working lives, often taking on informal and poorly paid jobs. This is an issue that is more noticeable in rural areas

This is an issue that will continue to become more palpable over time. In 2015, only 10.8% of Colombia’s population was over 60. By 2050, that number will increase to 27.5%

Passage of the Law

While Colombia’s pension reform was a significant issue for years, it became the forefront of Colombian politics in 2022 with the electoral success of Gustavo Petro to the presidency. During the campaign, he promised many social reforms, including pension reform.

His promise came to fruition when the Colombian Congress passed the pension reform bill in June 2024, which came into effect in July 2025. Specifically, this new law aims to strengthen the state pension fund, Colpensiones, by requiring individuals who earn less than $800 per month to contribute to the public fund. It also guarantees payments for older adults who have insufficient retirement savings or none at all. The government estimates that approximately 2.6 million older Colombians will benefit from these expanded payments, providing long-overdue financial security to a vulnerable segment of the population

New Pillar System

The reform also establishes a new “pillar system” that focuses on increasing coverage and efficiency. It divides pension contributions into different pillars based on income levels, thereby encouraging higher-income earners to contribute to private savings while ensuring lower-income workers receive support from the public system. This structure aims to make the overall pension system more inclusive and reduce inequality among retirees.

Additionally, one of the primary objectives of Colombia’s Pension Reform is to combat elderly poverty by offering a guaranteed minimum monthly payment to retirees who did not meet the required weeks of contributions under the old system. This helps ensure that aging citizens who worked informally or intermittently have support in their later years.

While implementation will require significant coordination and public education, the reform is a step toward creating a more equitable retirement system in Colombia.

– William Brentani

William is based in San Francisco, CA, USA and focuses on Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Elderly Poverty in Kyrgyzstan: Challenges and Solutions

Elderly Poverty in KyrgyzstanIn Kyrgyzstan, aging often means slipping into poverty — limited pensions, elder abuse, economic hardship and gaps in health care leave many older adults struggling to survive. The average monthly pension is about 10,547 soms (roughly $108), which is significantly lower than the estimated monthly cost of living of 18,000 to 20,000 soms ($180–$200). The minimum pension is even lower at 6,900 soms ($71). HelpAge International reports that nearly one in three elderly people live below the national poverty line, and about 10% live alone with inadequate care. Here is information about elderly poverty in Kyrgyzstan and efforts to address it.

About Elderly Poverty in Kyrgyzstan

One can trace the roots of elderly poverty in Kyrgyzstan back to the collapse of the Soviet Union, which disrupted pensions, healthcare systems and social services across the region. Many seniors today contributed to the workforce for decades but now receive pensions that fail to keep pace with inflation. The country’s fragile economy — which is reliant on agriculture, gold exports and remittances — leaves little room for robust social spending.

Meet Vera Geykina, a 76‑year‑old widow in Bishkek who joined a theater project to raise awareness about elder abuse. Despite being active in her community, her pension barely covers her medication and heating bills. Vera’s story reflects the daily struggles many seniors face in Kyrgyzstan, where public health care access is strained, and personal savings are often depleted within years of retirement.

In rural regions, elderly people often depend on remittances sent by family members working abroad. Migration shifts and economic downturns make these payments unreliable. The World Bank reports that remittances once accounted for more than 30% of Kyrgyzstan’s GDP — underscoring just how dependent households are on this income. However, families often migrate out of necessity, leaving elderly parents behind without consistent physical or emotional support.

Health care poses another severe challenge. According to the UNFPA, elderly Kyrgyz citizens — especially women — face higher rates of chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes and arthritis. However, many cannot afford medications or procedures. Rural clinics are often underfunded, lacking specialists or necessary equipment, while private health care remains out of reach for most pensioners.

Solutions

Despite these hardships, there are promising solutions underway. HelpAge International operates community programs offering financial aid, food deliveries, health care access and legal support for older adults. The Kyrgyz government has also introduced pension adjustments, with the latest raising the average pension to 10,547 soms. Additionally, the Babushka Adoption Foundation connects elderly people without families to international sponsors, providing $10 or more per month — nearly doubling some seniors’ minimum pensions.

– Meral Ciplak

Meral is based in Edmonton, Canada and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pixabay

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Elderly Poverty in Chad

Elderly Poverty in ChadChad is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. An independent nation since 1960, Chad is home to approximately 19 million people, of whom more than one million live in its capital, N’Djamena.

Despite its size and important resources like oil, Chad remains one of the most impoverished countries in the world. Poverty stretches to every corner of the country. However, one of the most susceptible victims, older people, are often ignored. Here are some facts about what elderly poverty in Chad looks like and how foreign aid can help minimize it. 

Facts About Elderly Poverty in Chad

  1. Chad has one of the youngest populations in the world, with a life expectancy at birth of 59 years and a median age of 14-15 years. Older adults (65 and above) made up about 7.5% of the population in 1985 but now account for just 3%, making it the smallest age group in Chad. This change reflects the country’s high birth rates and lack of accessibility to food and medical care.
  2. Chad has one of the lowest rates of accessible health care in the world, with the elderly being some of the most susceptible to diseases. Only 31.4% of Chad’s population has regular access to medical care, including doctors, hospitals, treatments and vaccinations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of October 2020, Chad had just 4.3 doctors and 23.2 nurses per 100,000 inhabitants, far below the recommended 23 doctors and 23 nurses per 10,000. Most of these health professionals are concentrated in urban areas, making health care largely inaccessible to rural populations, especially elderly individuals who often face the greatest barriers to medical access.
  3. Noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, remain the leading cause of death for older people in Chad. Other leading causes of death include malaria, lower respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and diarrhoeal diseases like cholera. Elderly patients with diabetes and chronic illnesses, along with children, are the most susceptible to diseases like malaria and pneumonia.
  4. With refugees coming in from neighboring countries like Sudan, Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the conflicts in these regions have spilled over into Chad. This instability has made outside trade difficult, leading to a low supply and high demand for essential resources, including food and medical aid.
  5. Chad has the lowest access to clean water and sanitation in the world. Only 43% of the population has access to clean water and just 10% has access to basic sanitation services.
  6. Organizations such as the WHO, the World Food Programme (WFP) and other humanitarian actors are actively working to combat poverty in Chad. In mid‑2024, WFP delivered food, cash and nutrition assistance to approximately one million people across crisis-affected communities, including refugees and internally displaced Chadians. The 2023–24 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) for Chad sought approximately $921 million in funding and the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) allocated $15 million to address the most underfunded emergencies.

Conclusion

Elderly poverty in Chad remains a critical but often overlooked issue. Limited health care, food insecurity and poor sanitation leave older adults especially vulnerable. While humanitarian aid provides some relief, lasting change requires targeted support and stronger systems to protect Chad’s older population.

– Zoe Alatsas

Zoe is based in New York, NY, USA and focuses on Global Health and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pickpik

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5 Reforms Addressing Elderly Poverty in Jamaica

Elderly Poverty in JamaicaJamaica, known for its vibrant music and glistening shores, is currently experiencing the harsh reality of elderly poverty. Unknown to the vast majority of the world, seniors in Jamaica grapple with limited financial resources, inadequate health care access and social isolation. According to The Ministry of Health and Wellness, approximately 17% of Jamaica’s population will be 60 or older in 2025. This is a 12% increase from previous years, which will result in more strain on the limited resources already granted to the elderly. However, there is hope on the horizon for them. The Jamaican government is developing policy reforms, financial assistance and community programs to combat elderly poverty in their country. Here are five reforms that are addressing elderly poverty in Jamaica.

1. The Solidarity Program

Dr. Andrew Holness, the Prime Minister of Jamaica, recently announced the country’s Solidarity Program during Jamaica’s 2025 – 2026 National Budget Debate. The program aims to give $20,000 grants to vulnerable citizens in the country. For this program, vulnerable citizens include 50,000 informal workers, low-income earners, marginalized groups and elderly people.

2. Long-Term Care

The Jamaican government is supporting plans the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed to prioritize the long-term care of their elderly. Dr. Christopher Tufton announced that the plans aim to expand palliative and rehabilitative services, boosting elderly participation in routine health screenings and build community-based support systems. 

The plans will be essential to the overall wellbeing of Jamaican elders due to various environmental factors playing a role in their health. There is a growing number of communicable and noncommunicable diseases running rampant in Jamaica, so the World Health Organization’s proposed plans will give seniors a better chance at combating those diseases. The proposed plans will go into effect in the long-term for Jamaica, expanding from 2025 to 2036.

3. Elderly Care and Protection Act

The Jamaican government is also drafting The Elderly Care and Protection Act in recognition of the current laws that offer limited protection to its elderly. The act aims to address the various challenges that Jamaican elderly face in the country, while also defending their rights as aging citizens.

Various reforms aimed at improving the lives of the Jamaican elderly will go into effect if the act is passed, such as legally mandating the reporting of elder abuse. It will also establish the National Elderly Care Fund, which would help subsidize the cost of living and health care for Jamaican elders.

4. New Social Housing Program

Holness also announced that the Jamaican government is increasing the budget into its New Social Housing Program. This will result in 500 units being made for vulnerable citizens in 2024-2025, which includes Jamaican elderly.

With the cost of Jamaica housing rising, it has become almost impossible for the average resident to afford shelter, especially for the elderly. Housing stability is vital for a person’s health, even as they age, so this program will be essential in combating elderly poverty in Jamaica.

5. Social Protection

The World Bank Group is supporting Jamaica’s efforts in anti-poverty, especially for the elderly. In 2024, the World Bank’s Board of Directors approved a new investment program to strengthen Jamaica’s social protection system.

The investment program includes future unemployment benefits and job placement services for the vulnerable population. These interventions, while not exclusive to elderly people, will alleviate the financial pressures on elderly caregivers and those in multigenerational households.

Global Impact

Jamaica’s response to elderly poverty offers a valuable lesson for other developing countries. The government has implemented a multi-pronged approach to resolve the country’s elderly poverty crisis. It focused on financial aid, healthcare reform, legal protections and housing stability. These reforms offer solutions that will improve the lives of the Jamaican elderly, all within the country’s budgeting and resources.

Other countries facing similar challenges can look at Jamaica’s model for addressing elderly poverty, adapting it into their own multi-pronged approach. With focused policy action and the collaboration between various organizations, aging with dignity can become a reality for many in developing countries.

– Jaden Hartfield

Jaden is based in Charlotte, NC, USA and focuses on Good News and Celebs for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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Addressing Health Care and Elderly Poverty in Bahrain

Elderly Poverty in BahrainBahrain has a growing elderly population with an expanding health care system. Since the 1990s, health care has been free for all Bahraini citizens. Health care ranges from the private to public sectors in the country. Universal health care helps address elderly poverty in Bahrain by providing the elderly with free health care access.

The BTI 2024 country report said that, “Although there is no reliable data on Bahrain’s poverty rate and the extent of relative inequality, the unequal distribution of wealth remains a major concern.”

Although there has been improvements, the elderly are concerned about their finances and do not believe pensions are helping as much as they could. Due to rising prices, people are becoming dependent on families because of a lack of funds. Meanwhile, the government claims that Bahrain does not have any poverty.

Shortcomings in Health Care for the Elderly in Bahrain

One of the shortcomings in Bahraini health care is a lack of geriatricians, also known as doctors for the elderly. The country has seen an increase in the elderly population from 1981-2024.

Maria Morcos, a certified physician assistant and researcher, said, “In the Bahraini health care system, patients don’t need primary care referrals to specialists—they are able to walk in at their convenience to receive testing or imaging without prior approval.” She further said how anyone can walk in to a specialist without a referral like in the United States.

Citizens can change their provider as they wish which can cause confusion as to if one is getting better. This type of approach is what Morcos calls a “patient-centered approach.”

“A common critique of this patient-centered model of care is the fact that many patients don’t feel well-equipped with medical knowledge to know what to choose or what to do, and some prefer the provider who definitively recommends what they personally think is best,” said Morcos. 

American Mission Hospital

The nonprofit hospital in Bahrain, the American Mission Hospital, is helping citizens, including the elderly, for free. In 2024, the Ministry of Social Development partnered with the American Mission Hospital and a psychiatric hospital to give health checks to citizens 60 years and older. In 2024, the American Mission Hospital also provided educational talks and demonstrations to Bahraini citizens.

“Our community outreach programs are developed around the needs of the people in Bahrain,” said Dr. George Cherian in an interview by Amal Abdullah. “Care of the elderly, the special needs children, reach out to labor camps are some of the activities we are involved in.”

An article by ADHRB said, “Older people in Bahrain often have to deal with several issues, from access to healthcare systems and maintenance of their economic security and independence to fighting social isolation.”

Some of the American Mission Hospital sponsors are BMI Bank, Standard Chartered Bank and Rashid Group. One of the ways American Mission Hospital generates income is through an annual golf tournament, where most of the funds go towards medical supplies.

The health care information guide said, “The Ministry of Health extends its support to elderly patients through mobile units and home visits, especially for those unable to access health centers, complemented by the Ministry of Social Development‘s provision of daycare, residential care services, and social assistance for the elderly.”

Looking Ahead

The country formed a national committee for the elderly in 1984. The American Mission Hospital has recently joined the “Mayo Clinic Care Network,” giving them access to different resources. The Mayo Clinic Care Network includes different resources the hospital will be able to take advantage of experience to improve as a whole.

Bahrain continues to make improvements to health care to prevent elderly poverty in Bahrain. The Gulf Press said, “By offering incentives to civil society organizations to establish additional facilities, the Ministry aims to provide seniors with a range of services including social, health, psychological, rehabilitation, and recreational care.”

– Matthew Restrepo

Matthew is based in Milton, GA, USA and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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Elderly Poverty in South Africa: Progress and Challenges

Elderly Poverty in South AfricaElderly poverty in South Africa affects more than 5.5 million citizens, about 9.2% of the total population, according to Statistics South Africa. The legacy of Apartheid continues to impact older adults’ financial security, as multiple generations faced systematic exclusion from secure pension systems from 1948 to 1994.

Multi-generational households are common in South Africa. South Africa’s population continues to age as the country progresses through the demographic transition. Living among close family members helps the elderly substantially, as roughly one quarter of South Africa’s elderly live on less than $100 a month. White South Africans accumulated inter-generational wealth and secured retirement benefits, while the apartheid regime denied the same opportunities to Black South Africans and those of Indian descent, according to Human Rights Watch.

Pensions and Politics

Remedying the problem began before the formal end of Apartheid. Under the leadership of F.W. de Klerk, pension amounts for black South Africans increased while white pension amounts reduced. This continued until 1994 when all groups formally equalized. Although Apartheid was formally abolished, the majority of Black South Africans lacked any form of private pension or financial safety in their old age.

After the peaceful transition of power, the new democratic government led by the African National Congress began constructing and expanding the Old Age Grant, which was to become the bedrock of South Africa’s Social Security.  New amendments in 2008 equalized access by setting the age for both men and women at 60 to be able to file a claim. Adjusted for inflation, South Africa’s social grant expenditure has quadrupled since 1994. As of 2025, social assistance is a cornerstone of the welfare system, accounting for roughly 11% of the national budget. 

Dynamics of Aging

Despite these efforts, elderly poverty remains a difficult policy area to tackle as the country’s leaders have to address the current needs as well as plan for future aging. Complicating the problem are the normal occurrences of health issues as a result of aging. Aging increases the risk for chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, arthritis), disabilities and frailty.

In South Africa, the health system is struggling to meet geriatric care needs. Primary care clinics are free and generally available, but they are often crowded and not elderly-friendly. The state offers a Grant-in-Aid, which equates to an extra R500 per month for pensioners who require full-time care, but this amount is grossly insufficient (R500 is less than the minimum wage for just one day of a caregiver’s labor).

Gaps in Elderly Support Services

In 2025, roughly 20 years after South Africa’s Older Persons Act became effective, the state is still struggling with filling its deficits. According to a recent University of Cape Town study, the Department of Social Development (DSD) allocates only about 2% of its older persons budget to services other than the pension.

Further complications emerge due to the program’s structure. Similar to programs like Medicare in the United States (U.S.), funding for these elderly programs is dependent on the state of residence. This structure, coupled with an inefficient inter-agency entanglement that potentially jeopardizes quality of life and health care, is often the dilemma many elderly South Africans face. 

Filling the Deficits

In the current system, where government, private pensions and safety nets vastly underperform, nonprofit organizations are often the deciding factor between life and death. Fortunately, South Africa reportedly has a vibrant civil society sector that specializes in aging, stemming from church groups and charities that historically ran old age homes or feeding schemes for those excluded by Apartheid.  

Among the notable systems is the Age-in-Action (the South African Council for the Aged). Founded in 1956, it is essentially a federation of organizations for older persons. These member organizations range from big provincial NGOs (like TAFTA in KwaZulu-Natal or BADISA in Western Cape) to small local elder clubs and religious charities. Together, they provide vital services to the elderly, often with minimal resources. According to its mission, it represents more than 2.7 million older people nationwide and has at least 800 member NGOs under its umbrella.

International aid has also been crucial. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) are helping the government develop a National Strategy on Healthy Ageing, aligning with the United Nations (U.N.) Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021–2030). This strategy aims to incorporate older persons’ needs into public health planning.

At the grassroots, many communities have self-help groups for seniors. Stokvels (rotating savings clubs) among elderly women are common; they pool bits of their pension to save for emergencies or to start small vegetable gardens together. Churches also play a vital role as they often organize visits to sick elders, help with chores or run soup kitchens for the elderly. Traditional leadership structures in some rural areas also provide support. For example, chiefs might allocate a piece of communal land for an old age vegetable garden or community caregivers. 

Future of Elderly Poverty in South Africa

Addressing elderly poverty in South Africa remains a collaborative process that continues to evolve, with ongoing efforts to expand support to meet current and future needs.

– Maxwell Marcello

Maxwell is based in Pittsburgh, PA, USA and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Elderly Poverty in The Gambia

 

Elderly Poverty in The GambiaAlthough Gambians aged 60 and above make up just 3% of the population, they face a disproportionately high risk of poverty, food insecurity and poor health outcomes — and the systems meant to support them are shrinking. Elderly poverty in The Gambia is a significant challenge, which makes up about 3.0% of the total population according to the Gambia Bureau of Statistics. HelpAge International reports that traditional family care systems in West Africa are weakening due to urban migration and economic hardship. This shift leaves many elderly Gambians vulnerable to poverty, food insecurity and limited access to basic services.

Health Care Access Challenges

One of the most critical problems for the elderly in The Gambia is limited access to health care. The country has about 0.1 physicians per 1,000 people according to World Bank health statistics. This is among the lowest rates globally, reflecting a severe shortage of medical professionals. Elders with chronic health conditions—such as hypertension and diabetes—often go without proper diagnosis or treatment, especially those living in rural areas far from medical centers.

Many elderly people in The Gambia live in the aforementioned rural areas where access to health care facilities is limited. Geographic barriers and lack of affordable transportation make it difficult for seniors to reach medical centers. These challenges often result in delayed treatment or no treatment at all. Financial constraints further worsen health care access. Many elderly Gambians lack health insurance or steady income and rely on out-of-pocket payments to cover medical expenses which can be prohibitively expensive.

Social Protection Initiatives

The Gambian government, with support from international partners, continues to strengthen social protection systems to support vulnerable populations, including the elderly. The World Bank’s Integrated Social and Economic Resilience Project (GISERP, Project ID: P1672600) and the Social Safety Net Project focus on improving social safety nets through targeted cash transfer programs that provide financial assistance to those living in poverty, including older adults. One key component of these efforts is the NAFA Program, which delivers unconditional cash transfers to vulnerable households, including many elderly and disabled beneficiaries. These programs aim to reduce elderly poverty in The Gambia and improve the quality of life by offering reliable income support. 

The Gambia partnered with the World Bank in 2019 to launch these efforts, which provide cash transfers and food assistance to more than 90,000 vulnerable households, many including elderly members. Official World Bank documents describe the project as a major step toward reducing poverty and food insecurity among vulnerable populations. Although comprehensive impact evaluations are pending, early reports suggest the program improves financial stability and nutrition for recipients. The initiative also strengthens data systems and targets support more effectively to those most vulnerable.

Challenges

While praising the NAFA Program as a “transformative initiative,” elderly beneficiary Loli Joum urged the World Bank to increase the amount of support provided. “We definitely appreciate what is being given to us, and I do not devalue the amount,” Joum told The Point. “But due to my age and health condition—as you can see, I am physically challenged and cannot do anything physically.” 

UNICEF’s work in The Gambia complements these efforts by focusing on enhancing social protection mechanisms that cover health care, education and income support for vulnerable groups. While much of UNICEF’s programming targets children and women, the agency also recognizes the growing need to address the challenges faced by the elderly population, especially as traditional care structures decline and the number of older adults rises. UNICEF has noted the importance of incorporating aging populations into broader protection frameworks to ensure that no one is left behind.

Conclusion

Elderly poverty in The Gambia is a growing concern as traditional support systems weaken and formal care remains limited. Many seniors face critical challenges related to health care, income security and social isolation—especially in rural areas where access to services is scarce. While initiatives like the World Bank’s Integrated Social and Economic Resilience Project and the Social Safety Net Project are important steps forward, gaps still remain in fully meeting the needs of the aging population. Continued investment in health care infrastructure, targeted financial support and inclusive policy planning will be essential to ensure that elderly Gambians can live with dignity, health and security in the years to come.

– Mamie Hirsh

Mamie is based in Berkeley, CA, USA and focuses on Good News and Celebs for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Transformation of Elderly Poverty in Panama

Elderly Poverty in PanamaOnce a nation where poverty cast a long shadow over its people, Panama has undergone a striking transformation since the late 20th century. In 1995, the poverty headcount ratio for all Panamanians stood at a daunting 21.1%. Over the following decades, steady progress chipped away at this figure—dropping to 14.5% by 2005, 7.7% in 2010 and 4.8% in 2015. By 2019, poverty had fallen to just 2.9%, a symbol of how far the country had come. Yet, in the years that followed, the trend began to waver. The ratio edged up to 3.3% in 2021 and 3.7% in 2023—a subtle but important reminder that even hard-won gains can be vulnerable to shifting economic tides. Still, the broader story is one of resilience, growth and the continuing pursuit of a more equitable future. Here’s information about elderly poverty in Panama and what is being done to address it.

The Influence of Non-Contributory Pension 

In Panama, the elderly make up a significant part of the population, and many are facing tough challenges. Despite efforts underway to support this community, elderly poverty in Panama continues to create harsh realities for many. With pensions often falling short, countless seniors find themselves pushed back into the workforce, not out of choice but necessity, to avoid slipping below the poverty line. Back in 2012, around 26.2% of the demographic are still working, a rate nearly twice as high as that seen in countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. But the picture grows even more troubling when it becomes evident that many seniors in Latin America work in informal jobs or self-employment without access to social protections or benefits, which forces them to labor far longer. 

Fortunately, programs like the Non-Contributory Pensions (NPCs) have begun to turn the tide for elderly poverty in Panama, especially those working in the formal sector. These “social pensions” provide a vital financial lifeline to low-income seniors, offering support even when they have not contributed to traditional pension systems. The impact has been significant; it has greatly  reduced extreme poverty by 66.1% and moderate poverty by 56% among Panama’s elderly. While this program does not magically erase poverty overnight, it lays a crucial foundation for organizations to grant  older citizens a chance to live with dignity, free from the constant threat of poverty. 

“Social protection is thus a universal human right.” In line with this principle, Non-Contributory Pensions (NPCs) have seen a substantial increase in coverage across Latin America since the early 2000s. These programs have become an essential mechanism for safeguarding vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly, from the various risks and challenges associated with aging. For example, as of July 2019, Panamanian elderly individuals who qualify for these pensions receive a guaranteed minimum monthly payment of 120 balboas, providing them with critical financial support. 

Healthy Aging in Panama  

Healthy aging, which the United Nations General Assembly officially declared in 2020, represents one of the most deliberate and strategic approaches to fostering a sustainable society that supports individuals of all ages, with particular emphasis on the elderly. Panama is among the countries encompassed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which prioritizes transforming societal attitudes toward aging, promoting community environments that are supportive and welcoming to older adults, and implementing “person-centered care and primary health services” tailored specifically to the needs of the elderly. Additionally, PAHO focuses on ensuring adequate resources and infrastructure for long-term care to enhance the quality of life for older populations. 

In Panama, elderly individuals hold a position of great respect within the social hierarchy of their households. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial not only for nurturing strong family dynamics but also for extending their ability to participate actively in the labor market. Furthermore, good health among the elderly helps reduce medical expenses [especially for the uninsured], promotes greater autonomy, and contributes positively to broader economic growth. 

The National Plan for the Elderly

The National Plan for the Elderly 2022–2025, which Panama’s Ministry of Social Protection (MIDES) oversees, coordinates a range of programs aimed at supporting the issue with elderly poverty in Panama. This comprehensive plan centers on three key priorities: economic security, health and the creation of sustainable environments. Its objectives include ensuring access to educational benefits, reducing healthcare costs, actively monitoring the health status of older adults to prevent future complications, improving caregiving services and fostering healthier living environments where older adults can thrive. The plan involves collaborative efforts among institutions such as the Ministry of Health (MINSA) and the Panamanian Social Security Fund. 

Looking Forward  

In recent years, Panama has made significant efforts to strengthen institutions that support elderly citizens, particularly in low-income communities. With the backing of several international organizations, the country has seen notable progress in addressing pension insecurity since the early twenty-first century. A nation’s economy is deeply influenced by the choices it makes, and Panama’s commitment to caring for its aging population is a powerful example. This initiative is not only economically sound, promoting stability and growth, but also reflects a fundamental human right: the right to dignity and protection at every stage of life. 

– LaRaymee Lee

LaRaymee is based in Sugar Land, TX, USA and focuses on Global Health and Politics for The Borgen Project.

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