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Alleviating Elderly Poverty in Jordan

Elderly Poverty in Jordan
Jordan suffers from a pension system which is not high enough for the cost of living nor accessible enough to elderly people, particularly women or refugees. This issue has been exacerbated by economic conditions which have worsened since the COVID pandemic and the cost of living crisis – the poverty rate increasing from 13% in 2006 to 24.1% in 2022 – and may continue to worsen with the expected economic fall-out of the Gaza war.

The Issue

Jordan has an ageing population but with additional pressures on its social services from the influx of displaced people. In 2021, only 45.8% of the elderly population in Jordan received pensions and 66% of pensions were below the national poverty line. According to the 2018 HelpAge International survey, two-thirds of older Jordanian men and women had debts.

Older women and elderly refugees are particularly affected: only 16% of older women receive pensions and elderly refugees cannot receive their pensions from Syria, instead they rely on humanitarian assistance. As one older Syrian refugee said: “Having access to my pension would allow me to get back some dignity and live a dignified life. I wish for it every day,” according to HelpAge.

According to HelpAge International, 80% of women in Jordan had never been in official work and were reliant on their husbands’ pensions or provisions from their male children. Reliance on male relatives financially is not only a source of embarrassment for older women but is also insufficient: in 2017 (before the COVID pandemic and cost of living crisis) the annual food and non-food expenditures of a 1–2-member household in Jordan were double an individual annual pension. While employment among women under the age of 60 has increased in recent years, participation of women in the workforce in Jordan is among the lowest in the world, HelpAge International reports.

In addition, although there are positive features to the intergenerational model of “growing old,” this societal expectation stops the proliferation of care-homes and maintains the expectation for daughters and daughter-in-laws to fulfil hands-on caregiving duties, according to the 2021 article.

Syrian Refugees

Jordan is one of the countries which has been highly affected by the Syrian crisis and has absorbed the third highest number of Syrian refugees in the world. It has taken in more than 643,000 and is among the top five highest host countries for refugees per capita.

In 2018, 80% of Syrian refugees in Jordan lived below the poverty line. UNHCR considers old people as one of the most at-risk groups of displaced people.

With less capacity to work, limited access to health care and experiencing loneliness, elderly Syrian refugees cannot return to Syria to obtain the paperwork required for a pension. Even for refugees of working age, it is hard to contribute consistently to the voluntary pension scheme when they often participate in informal forms of work or not at all.

Governmental Efforts

Jordan spends more on social protection systems for the elderly than most countries in the Middle East, evidenced by its many and sometimes duplicated systems: National Aid Fund (NAF), National Zakat Fund (NZF) and Ministry of Social Development (MoSD) all provide emergency cash transfers for the vulnerable. Elderly people in Jordan experiencing poverty can receive the bread subsidy, monthly aid or winter aid programmes of the NAF and the MoSD pays for places in care homes for elderly Jordanians who cannot afford them.

The recent National Strategy for Senior Citizens (2018-2022) focuses on eradicating elderly poverty in Jordan, building a platform for elderly voices in decision-making, providing health care services and establishing care homes. Although its implementation requires reform, these reforms are the basis for a newly formed strategy for 2025-2030. The government also aims to achieve universal health coverage by 2030 and in the meantime has subsidized health care for more than 1.3 million Syrian refugees

These efforts prove the government’s commitment to supporting the vulnerable and elderly living in poverty but cannot replace a social pension which would provide for women, refugees and those who have not been in formal work and are therefore unable to make consistent payments.

NGOs

Jordanian NGO, Tkiyet Um Ali, founded by Princess Haya bint Al Hussein in 2003 is a shining example of a local initiative to eradicate hunger. Tkiyet Um Ali serves across every governate of Jordan those who live below the food poverty line and who do not receive any form of financial contribution. In 2023, it served more than 5 million food parcels and 500,000 hot meals. This is necessary aid and immediate relief for the elderly provided their income is below $19.95 a month, do not receive a pension, are not homeowners nor have an employable male relative over the age of 18 in their family.

HelpAge International provides financial support for the elderly, in cash payments and finding ways for elderly people to create income, particularly within the refugee community in Jordan. They advocate for the strengthening of Jordan’s pension system to a social pension system which does not require previous contributions.

Looking Forward

The good news is that there is a vision to alleviate elderly poverty in Jordan through long-term governmental strategies as well as immediate relief delivered by governmental and non-governmental bodies. These objectives aim to tackle a lot of needs and improvement and reform are paving the way. Strengthening Jordan’s pension system to a non-contributory system would provide necessary access to pensions for all elderly Jordanians, particularly women and refugees. This would be key in restoring dignity and independence in old age. Until then increasing the number of women and refugees in the formal workforce remains a gradual process but one that would lead them to receive pensions.

– Miriam Hulley

Miriam is based in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Addressing Elderly Poverty in Zambia

Elderly Poverty in Zambia
Elderly poverty in Zambia is a growing concern in a country where more than 60% of the population lives below the poverty line. Older Zambians face unique challenges, often compounded by a lack of formal pensions, leaving many reliant on informal family networks or charity. As poverty continues to affect much of the population, elderly individuals are especially vulnerable to economic hardship, with limited resources to meet their basic needs.

The Social Cash Transfer (SCT) Programme, which the Ministry of Community Development and Social Services initiated in 2003, plays a crucial role in supporting vulnerable households, including those headed by elderly individuals. The primary goal of the program is to “reduce extreme poverty” and disrupt the intergenerational cycle of poverty within these households. Through regular cash transfers, recipients report improvements in food security, school attendance for children and overall household stability.

The State of Poverty in Zambia

Poverty in Zambia remains widespread, with rural populations disproportionately affected. According to the World Bank, more than 60% of rural Zambians live in poverty. Subsistence farming is the primary source of livelihood for these households, but unpredictable weather conditions and poor infrastructure make it difficult to sustain their livelihoods. Those living in poverty typically lack access to basic services such as clean water, health care and education, trapping them in a cycle that is hard to break.

Older Zambians, particularly those without family support, face significant challenges. The situation is dire for households headed by older individuals, with 83% of these households living in poverty and 66% classified as extremely poor. These households are often burdened by health issues that make it difficult for older people to work, while also increasing their medical expenses. The country’s current social security system falls short in addressing these needs, with very few older adults having access to pensions due to lifetimes spent working in the informal labor market. As a result, most elderly individuals have no financial safety net. Additionally, “less than 12% of Zambia’s current labor force is covered by any form of social security,” meaning that future generations of older adults are likely to face similar challenges in the absence of substantial reforms.

How the SCT Program Helps

The SCT Program has shown positive results in reducing poverty among Zambia’s elderly population. Recipients report that the cash transfers allow them to purchase essential goods such as food and clothing, as well as household items. This financial support is critical, particularly for the elderly, who often suffer from age-related health conditions or disabilities that prevent them from earning an income. According to a 2022 UNICEF report, elderly people who receive these transfers experience less hunger and improved access to health care services.

However, the program faces ongoing challenges. Many elderly individuals, especially in remote areas, struggle to access the program due to poor infrastructure and a lack of awareness about the services available. Rising inflation and increasing costs of living further strain the cash transfers, making it difficult for recipients to meet all their needs.

Looking Forward

Zambia’s elderly population continues to face significant challenges, but the Social Cash Transfer Program provides a vital lifeline. Expanding the program to reach more of the elderly population, improving infrastructure for better accessibility, and ensuring that payments keep pace with inflation are essential steps toward reducing elderly poverty in Zambia. Addressing the specific needs of older people remains crucial for Zambia’s overall poverty reduction efforts as the nation’s population continues to age.

– Isabel Gallagher

Isabel is based in Dorset, UK and focuses on Celebs and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pexels

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Everything to Know About Elderly Poverty in Antigua and Barbuda

Elderly Poverty in Antigua and Barbuda 
Antigua and Barbuda is a Caribbean country consisting of the two main islands and several smaller islands with 97% of the country’s population located in Antigua. The British colonized the country in the 17th century and transported a large population of enslaved Africans to work on sugar and tobacco plantations. After the emancipation of slavery in 1834, the economy struggled due to the heavy reliance on sugar production. In 1981, the country gained full independence from the U.K. and opted to remain in the Commonwealth. The country’s legacy of colonialism still affects the current economic state. 

Economic Effect on Elders

People aged 60 years and older have a higher likelihood of suffering from extreme poverty at 4.2% than the rest of the population at 3.7%. Poverty is more prevalent in rural areas due to limited access to services, transportation and economic opportunities. Access to affordable health care is also a major issue caused by elderly poverty in Antigua and Barbuda. The costs of medical care, including medications and treatments for chronic conditions strain the limited resources of those who experience elderly poverty in Antigua and Barbuda.

Many charitable and nonprofit organizations provide health care services in Antigua and Barbuda. St. John’s Hospice is a charity that provides hospice care to the terminally ill. The organization provides both in-home and inpatient care through the proceeds from a shop run by the charity located in Antigua, as well as fundraising and donations.

The Environment and Tourism

Caribbean countries are more vulnerable to extreme weather events and natural disasters. Environmental devastation affects the ability to conduct tourism and the economy since the tourism industry makes up more than 50% of the country’s GDP and is responsible for more than 46% of the national employment. 

Elderly poverty in Antigua and Barbuda is disproportionately affected by hits to the labor market. According to a 2018 Labour Force Survey Report, the employment-to-population ratio is lowest in seniors 65 and older. Both environmental issues and the tourism industry affect housing. Environmental disasters destroy buildings. The tourism industry pushes locals away from coastal land and into areas with fewer resources. Jamaica Kincaid describes tourism as a neo-colonial structure that exploits the land and local population and is responsible for the economy. 

USAID/OFDA provided disaster relief services for Antigua and Barbuda, including getting resources to more than 400 hurricane-affected households in 2018. Since 2010, it has provided $95 million to support disaster risk reduction programs in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Conclusion

Despite challenges from Antigua and Barbuda’s colonial past and a heavy reliance on tourism, the country is home to a vibrant community working towards a brighter future. With continued efforts from local and international groups, there is hope for sustainable development and a better quality of life for all citizens, especially those affected by elderly poverty in Antigua and Barbuda.

– Nina Bujewski

Nina is based in San Luis Obispo, CA, USA and focuses on Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pexels

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Elderly Poverty Among Algerian Migrant Workers 

Algerian Migrant Workers Abdelkader Bounaga, an Algerian pensioner living in Marseille, was “enlisted” in the 1960s to fill the labor deficit in post-war France. He arrived in Marseille in a wooden boat carrying French soldiers being repatriated after Algeria’s independence. He is in the “Chibanis” group, meaning “grey-haired” in Arabic. Elderly Poverty in Algeria could deteriorate due to demographic changes. In 1966, the ratio of people at working age to people at retirement age was 6.7:1. In 2008, the ratio rose to 8:1, but in 2021 it fell again to below 6:1. This means that more old people are relying on the support of their employed family members today that in 1960.

Therefore, elderly poverty in Algeria could worsen as the demography changes over the coming years. However, the Chibanis who left Algeria in the 1970s looking for a more stable income face the additional challenge of isolation. Tahar Ben Jelloun expresses a common sentiment when he calls the state of the Chibanis “the highest solitude.” Here is more information about Algerian migrant workers in France.

Immigration to France

Poverty in Algeria was one of the reasons for immigration to France in the 1960s. French colonialism in the region had left the natives in a worse position. With the appropriation of land and exploitation of labor, it was hard to earn a living in Algeria.

In general in France, poverty rates decrease with age, dropping to 10% of people over 65. On the other hand, the poverty rate among elderly migrants in Europe is much higher at 25%. Among the migrant population, elderly poverty has increased by 4%, whereas for their native-born counterparts, it has decreased. Accommodation for elderly people has improved over the last few years, but elderly migrants are more likely to live in substandard housing.

Rather than relying on their younger family members, Chibanis often continue to support their families back home in Algeria using their pensions and social benefits. With their families back home and little community or purpose in France, the Chibanis become stuck in perpetual exile. This is what the sociologist Malek Sayad calls the “double absence.” Absent at home, they miss out on key milestones with their families. Absent in France, they struggle to integrate or form a community, and their language skills fall behind.

In addition to the solitude of their lifestyles, the Chibanis did not find the economic prosperity in France that they hoped for. When they arrived in the 1960s, the work available was arduous and menial, paying as little as 80 cents per hour. Today’s Chibanis were the hands that built the roads, factories and school buildings of modern France. Yet, many experience elderly poverty due to the difficulty in obtaining their pensions.

French Bureaucracy

The complex French bureaucracy standing between them and their pensions is hard to navigate for people whose language and literacy skills are low. If a Chibani mistakes the month on which he or she left France for Algeria, and accidentally stays too long, they return to huge debts.  If they exceed the six-month limit, the government revokes their benefits and demands a refund of the amount paid.

Movement between France and Algeria has been commonplace since France’s colonization in 1830. Algerians, especially from the impoverished area of Kabylia, emigrated to France to do the hardest and lowest-paid jobs, according to Musée de l’histoire de l’immigration. This was a method for active young men to support their families back home. The influx of cheap labor suited the managerial class, who also used them to break workers’ strikes.   

Raising Concerns

Concern about the elderly poverty of Algerian migrant workers spread in France in the early 2000s. One article cites the 2007 film Indigènes as a catalyst for public engagement with the question of the treatment of foreign veterans. That year Rachid Bouzidi, a special adviser for the Employment, Social Cohesion and Housing Ministry, stated “We believe that everyone has the right to live with their family in a decent and dignified way,” according to Radboud Repository article.   

However, the Chibanis have experienced several years of precarious social status due to their migratory lifestyle between France and Algeria. They must reside in France to keep their benefits, but their homes and families are overseas. 

Activists like Zohra Hamani fight for the visibility and security of Chibanis. President of the charity Les Bons Samaritains Fisabillillah, Hamani said to Al Jazeera.: “We owe all these beautiful French cities to the Chibanis.” Les Bons Samaritains Fisibillillah provides a free breakfast every morning at the centre, which is followed by the opportunity to receive legal and health advice. 

Conclusion

Algerian migrant workers living in France are more likely to live in poverty and face the additional challenge of isolation from their communities back home. The French government’s six month stipulation forces these elderly people into isolation and estrangement. However, there are charitable organizations fighting to amplify their voices and rectify the neglect of the French government. 

– Io Oswald

Io is based in Paris, France and focuses on Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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How Elderly Poverty in Madagascar Impacts Mental Health

Elderly Poverty in MadagascarMadagascar, located off the southeastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the fifth-largest island in the world. With a population of more than 30.8 million people, Madagascar is renowned for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems, including the infamous lemurs and lush rainforests. Despite its natural wealth, Madagascar faces significant challenges in poverty alleviation, consistently ranking among the world’s poorest countries. Its citizens navigate poverty through various means, including subsistence agriculture, fishing and small-scale entrepreneurship, while also relying on community support networks and resilience in the face of adversity. However, the mental and emotional toll elderly poverty in Madagascar causes heavily disturbs the culture, beauty and essence of its climate and people.

Poverty and Mental Health in Madagascar

When examining the ramifications of poverty on mental and emotional well-being, it is crucial to note its pervasive role among senior citizens. According to “Face of Poverty in Madagascar,” a poverty, gender and inequality assessment that the World Bank created, “Only 2.4 percent of the population in 2010 was 65 and older, and elderly poor represented only 2 percent of the poor population.” According to ScienceDirect, “Antananarivo-Renivohitra, the capital district of Madagascar, had an estimated population of 1,275,207 in 2018 (RGPH-3, 2018), of which only 5.5% were over 60 years old.”

While the population and poverty in Madagascar predominantly have a youthful demographic, this does not mean that poverty affecting the island is not detrimental to the psychological well-being of older Malagasies. Poverty leads to food insecurity, lack of safe housing, limited employment opportunities, reduced social mobility and education disparities. The World Bank reports, “The highest prevalence of illiteracy in 2010 was among the elderly population of 64+ years old (50 percent).” Without academic instruction, obtaining secure employment becomes increasingly difficult, forcing Madagascar’s elders to pursue jobs that require less intellectual prowess and more physical stamina, a skill that diminishes with old age.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Madagascar

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) arrived in Madagascar with airborne passengers traveling from Europe in March 2020. While the country took preventative measures to limit the spread of the virus, illness struck Madagascar’s population predictably targeting those of older age. According to original research conducted by BMJ Global Health, due to COVID-19, life expectancy in Madagascar has dropped by 0.8 years for men and 1.0 year for women, primarily due to increased risks of death among individuals over the age of 60. The National Library of Medicine explains, “The probability of testing positive increases with age with the highest adjusted odds ratio of 2.2 [95% CI: 1.9‐2.5] for individuals aged 49 years and older.”

Not only did the virus risk and claim the lives of Malagasy elders, but dealing with its harshness and the majority of its symptoms, “(The most common symptoms of illness onset among confirmed cases were cough (27.2%), fever (18.7%), weakness (14.7%), runny nose (13.3%), and headache (13.1%))” prevented elders from returning to their jobs and continuing to support themselves and their families. The elderly population in Madagascar, already vulnerable to nutritional issues, faced heightened anxiety due to COVID-19, as concerns about their health, life expectancy, and ability to make a living increased.

Food and Health of the Elderly in Madagascar

A 2023 study by GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences examined the food and health practices of people aged 60 and over in the urban commune of Antsirabe I and the rural commune of Andranomanelatra in the Vakinankaratra Region. The study found that while the elderly were concerned about their health, hygiene practices—such as treating drinking water and washing hands before meals—were inadequate. The evaluation of nutritional status revealed that 37.5% of elderly individuals in rural areas were underweight (BMI < 18.5), compared to 17.9% in urban areas. Factors associated with poor nutritional status included education level, housing comfort, monthly income, food expenditure, dietary diversity and average energy intake.

The MDGs

While the intersection of poverty and psychological distress presents a formidable challenge for Madagascar, addressing this issue necessitates not only measures to alleviate poverty but also immediate, sustainable solutions to safeguard emotional and mental health. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), as outlined in the UN’s Millennium Declaration, represent a global commitment to eradicating extreme poverty, particularly in resource-limited countries like Madagascar.

One of the key focuses of Madagascar’s efforts to meet these goals is the conservation of its natural resource base and promoting sustainable development, as emphasized in the Madagascar Action Plan. This approach acknowledges that poverty reduction is not just about economic growth but also about protecting the environment, which many rural elderly Malagasy depend on for their livelihoods. As the government has pointed out, “Madagascar cannot do it alone and should not do it alone,” underscoring the need for international collaboration to address both poverty and environmental degradation in tandem. The global partnership called for in the eighth MDG reflects the notion that overcoming poverty will require support from multiple sectors and countries, aiming for sustainable development that benefits current and future generations.

The Madagascar Action Plan

The government of Madagascar has taken strides in linking health improvements with economic growth, as outlined in the Madagascar Action Plan. The commitment to improving access to health care, especially in rural areas where elders reside and elderly poverty in Madagascar is prevalent, plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity and reducing the pressure on natural resources. With the president’s “Madagascar Naturally” vision, the country emphasizes biodiversity conservation, protect the environment and reduce poverty. Through such initiatives, Madagascar is working to ensure that its population can both thrive economically and sustain its natural resources. As highlighted, “Developing countries’ debt problems” and the need for “sustainable access to safe drinking water” are critical components that will drive Madagascar’s progress toward achieving the MDGs and alleviating poverty.

Through techniques like observing the country’s natural resource base, the effect of demographic trends on development, and the importance of health as a prerequisite for development, it fosters adaptive coping strategies and enhances mental well-being. Implementing MDGs offers promise in improving the lives of Malagasians, potentially breaking the cycle of poverty and mental health challenges, providing those of older age peace and fulfillment when dealing with mental turmoil alongside impoverishment.

– Ryley Anthony

Ryley is based in Grand Prairie, TX, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pixnio

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The Solutions to Elderly Poverty in Nauru

Elderly Poverty in NauruIn Nauru, the number of citizens aged 55 and older consists of roughly 10% of the total population. The vulnerability of older adults in economically challenged nations like Nauru underscores the importance of international partnerships. Countries such as the United States (U.S.) can play a vital role in collaborating with economically deprived governments to provide necessary support for elderly populations as they transition into their senior years.

In Nauru, 24% of the population lives below the basic needs poverty line, highlighting a persistent issue of elderly poverty. This challenge has been addressed for years through efforts by both the Nauruan government and nonprofit organizations. Given the substantial proportion of elderly individuals in the population, it is crucial to strengthen support systems. These measures not only aim to reduce poverty but also to preserve Nauruan history and cultural heritage, with the help of foreign aid and continued government backing.

Social Protection Programs: Elderly Allowance

Nauru has established Social Protection Programs and activities to support qualified members of its community. Current government initiatives include Birth Claims, Death Claims, Disability Allowance and School Feeding Programs. Additionally, since 2005, the reformed Nauruan government has introduced an elderly allowance aimed at assisting impoverished seniors and providing much-needed financial support for the elderly population.

Eligible members of the community in Nauru receive $50 every two weeks as part of the Elderly Allowance program, supporting individuals aged 60 and above. In 2012, this amount was increased to $75 following efforts by the community to enhance financial support for seniors. However, with an average cost of living in Nauru of $1,000 per month, this assistance falls short of covering basic needs. Additionally, financial aid is not available to those with other income sources or those still on the waitlist, highlighting ongoing challenges in addressing elderly poverty in Nauru.

NIANGO

With only 25 members in 2007, Nauru Island Association of Nongovernmental Organizations (NIANGO) was the only nongovernmental body fighting general poverty in Nauru. NIANGO emphasizes communications, human rights and effective management within Nauru. In addition, the NGO plays a crucial role in facilitating the work of other not-for-profit organizations in Nauru. As one of the most impoverished countries in the world, Nauru depends heavily on foreign aid and organizations like NIANGO work to serve the entire community.

NIANGO functions as a coalition that fosters collaboration among NGOs, offering support in advocacy, information sharing and networking with both international and regional organizations. It also assists in capacity-building activities and institutional strengthening for its members. By amplifying the voices of struggling populations, including older adults, NIANGO helps drive change in Nauru through the mobilization of funds and resources.

Intergenerational Trust Fund for the People of Nauru

The Minister for Finance oversees the Intergenerational Trust Fund (ITF) in Nauru, which receives financial support from countries like Thailand, New Zealand and Australia. Between 2020 and 2021, Nauru received significant funding through the ITF, with cash contributions of $1.8 million from New Zealand and $3.5 million from Australia.

The ITF was initiated in 2009 with the goal of investing in phosphate mining, ensuring that Nauruans would benefit from royalties. Through the support of the ITF, Nauru’s elderly population, along with the broader community, receives financial assistance that helps sustain their livelihoods and improve overall living conditions.

Final Note

While there is still work to be done to address elderly poverty in Nauru, organizations like NIANGO and initiatives such as the ITF are making meaningful progress. The people of Nauru are in urgent need of continued support from governments capable of assisting, such as Australia, New Zealand and China. With increased backing, there is hope that the elderly population can enjoy a higher standard of living in their later years.

– Alena Thomas

Alena is based in Houston, TX, USA and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Elderly Poverty in Hong Kong

Elderly poverty in hong kongHong Kong is a city of two halves: while some enjoy wealth and luxury, 23.6% of the population live in poverty, struggling to share in the city’s economic prosperity. Elderly poverty is a significant problem in Hong Kong, with 45% of citizens aged 65 and older—about 583,600 people—living in poverty. Furthermore, Hong Kong has faced criticism for its inadequate poverty measures, which do not accurately represent the true scale of the issue, suggesting that even more people could be affected than officially recorded. Perhaps more concerning than these high rates is the fact that elderly poverty has increased significantly in recent years, up from 27.7% in 1991.

Causes

Elderly poverty in Hong Kong is driven by several factors, including a prevailing attitude that discourages reliance on welfare. As a result, there is limited government assistance available to provide financial protection for those struggling with poverty. Culturally, there is also an expectation for families to care for their elderly, with the Chinese government introducing a law in 2013 that demands children see and “greet” parents regularly, which made little difference. As times are changing, many families do not want to or are not able to care for their elderly.

While values are changing for some, the state has not adapted to this; existing welfare benefits (particularly the Social Security Allowance Scheme) for older people are rarely enough to cover living costs. Therefore, older adults are often seen collecting recyclable rubbish, such as cardboard and glass, in order to make enough money to survive. Pensions are a real concern, with the city having no pension scheme and many retirement funds being continually offset. This means that many are forced to remain in employment well past retirement age.

Furthermore, many cannot afford the help they desperately need; on average, it takes 19 months to receive subsidized home care services, leaving many older people alone without the support they need to live a fulfilling life.

Organizations Providing Aid

Efforts are underway to reduce elderly poverty in Hong Kong. Oxfam has launched the Concerning Home Care Service Alliance’s “service matching” scheme, which connects caregivers with seniors to assist with daily tasks like cooking, cleaning and accompanying them to appointments. Seniors pay just $0.64 for the service, while caregivers receive a stipend in addition to this small fee.

The Society for Community Organization (SoCO) also advocates for better support for older adults, assisting them in applying for existing welfare programs and accessing health care. These support systems are crucial for improving the quality of life for elderly individuals living in poverty. SoCO assists more than 1,000 seniors to apply for “social security or public housing each year.”

Furthermore, the Elder Academy supports the mental well-being of older adults by partnering them with academic institutions, offering opportunities for lifelong learning and fostering a sense of community inclusion. Last year, the organization received $10 million in government funding, demonstrating a commitment to improving the livelihoods of older adults.

– Eryn Greenaway

Eryn is based in East Sussex, UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Communities Fighting Elderly Poverty in Syria

Elderly Poverty in Syria“It is alarming that a simple meal is beyond the reach of families across Syria, and this new data shows humanitarian assistance is the difference between putting a meal on the table and going to bed hungry. Lifesaving support has never been so crucial,” said the World Food Programme (WFP) Representative and Country Director Sean O’Brien. The price of a food basket in Syria was 70% more expensive than it was a year ago. Prices of key ingredients of the basket, such as rice and sugar, have increased from 70% to 140%.

Food that once fed families now leaves them exhausting their savings for every meal. Older persons struggle even harder to find jobs, especially as the conflict has pushed desperation to self-reliance, marginalizing older people and the traditional family structure. An elderly person from North-west Syria comments: “In the past, older people would reach retirement age, and the family would take care of them. However, currently, the responsibility they should rely on self-care […] has increased, placing the burden directly on them.”

Communities in Damascus

Fortunately, many community-led initiatives help fight elderly poverty in Syria. The Syrian Society for Social Development has a home-based care program for Seniors who have specific vulnerabilities. Collaborating with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (NHHCR), a team of volunteers focuses on helping and provide safety to the older population. The program dedicates itself to helping people over the age of 60 through nursing, housekeeping, hygiene, medication organization, as well as food preparation.

Taking place in several community centers of Rural Damascus, care-giving volunteers not only provide different meals and learn to use blood pressure monitors but also socialize with older people through entertaining and engaging activities. Older people are no longer excluded from younger people, therefore improving both their mental and physical well-being. Because of this, elderly people struggle and spend less on medication and health check-ups, as well as food. These responsibilities help combat elderly poverty in Syria by including older people back into a supportive system and engaging the community.

Communities in Aleppo

People residing in Southern Aleppo were suffering from a damaged rainwater drainage network that had begun to flood the streets. There was a high risk of disease as large bodies of wastewater accumulated on the ground. Further threats would ensue if younger children and elderly people fell into the water. The cost of injury and the addition of medication prices would be detrimental to the elderly Syrian population who have a higher risk of suffering from poverty and marginalization.

Successfully, the local community came together to discuss and plan a new drainage foundation. Alongside the UNHCR, both a construction team and members of the local community contributed to the excavation and installation of a new drain filter. As a result, the filter not only improved the appearance of the town and the efficiency of the drainage system but benefited 3000 residents living in Abtein town. Because of this, the town demonstrated strong values of community and kindness. Their uniting demonstration challenges elderly poverty in Syria by preventing expensive medical prices through ensuring the health and safety of the entire community.

Fighting Elderly Poverty in Syria

In conclusion, conflict and soaring expenses have split up traditional family structures. Alienising older people from the young, the older Syrian population has lost a grounded support system and the elderly have been pushed further into isolated poverty. However, community-led projects such as fixing drainage systems, and organisations such as the Syrian Society for Social Development, help to care for the vulnerable population of elders and to protect them from further elderly poverty in Syria. Volunteers and townspeople come together to provide the elderly with entertainment and physical aid, as well as essentials such as food and medication that they might otherwise struggle to afford on their own.

– Chelsey Saya McLeod

Chelsey is based in Southampton, Hampshire, UK and focuses on Good News and Technology for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Unsplash

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Organizations Helping Guatemala’s Elderly Population

Guatemala’s Elderly PopulationGuatemala has among the highest poverty rates in Latin America and Guatemala’s elderly population is among the most vulnerable. In Guatemala, poverty was estimated at 55.1% of the population in 2023. According to the most recent data, Guatemala has serious public health issues. A third of the population suffers from health problems, such as chronic illnesses, malnourishment and limited access to health care. Nearly 1 million people in Guatemala are 60 years of age or older and a sizable percentage of them experience health issues.

Furthermore, more than 60% of the elderly population in Guatemala live in poverty. These staggering numbers are particularly alarming given the lack of a comprehensive social security system that provides financial stability to the country’s older people. Recognizing this struggle, several organizations and local communities have stepped up to create programs and initiatives that address the economic, medical and emotional needs of older people in Guatemala.

The Pan American Health Organization

In 2018, under the “Take Control of Your Health Initiative,” Don Manuel and other adults from San Jose la Communidad, Mixco, attended weekly health workshops led by trainers trained by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The initiative aims to help participants manage chronic illnesses like hypertension and diabetes. Participants are taught how to control their blood pressure, eat healthier, exercise more, and maintain strong social connections.

World Health Organization (WHO) and PAHO representative Oscar Barreneche noted that the “program empowers older adults to take control of their health and prevent life-threatening complications.” More than 2,000 patients have graduated from the initiative since it started in 2015.

International Volunteers HQ

International Volunteers HQ is another noteworthy organization that has been making a difference since 2007. It stresses the importance of community involvement in supporting elderly individuals. The organization works closely with local leaders and volunteers to identify needy elderly citizens and provide them with tailored support.

One of its essential programs is a home visitation service, where volunteers visit elderly individuals in their homes. The visitors offer companionship, assistance with daily tasks and monitoring their health. This initiative ensures that older people are cared for while strengthening community bonds as younger generations learn the value of caring for older people. In 2023, the organization’s volunteers dedicated 111,149 hours to care for seniors in 27 countries, including Guatemala.

A Brighter Future for Guatemala’s Elderly

Although the challenges facing older adults of Guatemala are significant, the solutions emerging across the country offer hope. Organizations like the PAHO and International Volunteers HQ are leading the way in providing essential services and advocating for the rights of older people. Moreover, local communities are also showcasing that even small grassroots initiatives can substantially impact the lives of older people.

These efforts are not just about providing immediate or short-term relief. They restore dignity, foster a sense of community and ensure that all elderly in Guatemala can live their final years with care, dignity and respect. As these programs continue to expand, they inspire others to follow suit, increasing the prospects of a brighter future for Guatemala’s elderly population.

– Irtija Ahmad

Irtija is based in Slough, UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Elderly Poverty in Tanzania

Elderly Poverty in TanzaniaIn Tanzania, life expectancy rose from 43 years in 1960 to 58 years in 2011. This increase has led to 2.7 million people reaching the age of 60, which has heightened their vulnerability and contributed to a 15.5% rise in disability. Many seniors now rely on their families for support or are forced to seek work. This situation urgently requires attention and intervention.

Causes of Elderly Poverty in Tanzania

Numerous factors contribute to the prevalence of elderly poverty in Tanzania. One of the leading causes of elderly poverty in Tanzania is the lack of financial resources and safety nets. Under Tanzania’s gender policy, “Only 1% of Tanzania’s entire population receives formal social security coverages such as pensions and these are largely older men formerly employed in government services.” In Tanzania, some elderly individuals receiving pensions get small amounts, often leaving them in poverty. Even if they are eligible, pension payments are frequently irregular, delayed or unauthorized.

Due to this situation, countless seniors have no choice but to depend on family support or reenter the workforce in their advanced years. Insufficient resources can lead to health issues, including limited access to health care, resulting in illness and decreased ability to carry out daily tasks, including work. HelpAge International in Tanzania reported that older men and women lacked sufficient access to community resources and services, such as safe latrines and sanitation, increasing their vulnerability to poverty and poor health.

Who Suffers More: Men or Women?

In Tanzania, women experience higher levels of poverty compared to men, mainly due to factors such as limited access to education, lower social status and unequal access to resources. According to the Tanzania gender policy, households headed by older women face a 7% higher risk of poverty than those headed by older men.

Widowed women in Tanzania, who often have low social status, are particularly vulnerable to poverty, lack of opportunities, limited access to support systems and exposure to violence. For instance, the lack of proper education among women and girls leaves them reliant on informal support systems.

Organizations Providing Aid

Several nonprofit organizations are working to end elderly poverty in Tanzania. One key initiative, HelpAge International, has been assisting seniors in Tanzania since 1992. The organization has secured regular income for more than 620,000 older people through the Tanzania Social Action Fund. Additionally, it has advocated for the Zanzibar Government to introduce a universal pension for all individuals aged 70 and above.

Tushikamane Pamoja Foundation (TPF) is another organization supporting Tanzania’s elderly population. The Foundation aims to assist vulnerable older adults by providing access to essential humanitarian, social, material and economic support to help them lead dignified lives. In October 2010, the foundation raised approximately $741, which was used to purchase essential items for older people at Msimbazi Old Peoples’ Home. This effort helped improve living conditions and provided much-needed support to the residents.

Final Remark on Elderly Poverty in Tanzania

Although Tanzania still faces significant development challenges, there is hope that one day, its older people will be able to enjoy the retirement they deserve.

– Destiny Lynn Cobos

Destiny is based in Brooklyn, NY, USA and focuses on Good News for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Pickpik