The latest estimate from the World Bank put the cost of Ukraine’s recovery at $411 billion. This figure encompasses the expenses associated with rebuilding damaged infrastructure, agriculture, housing and education in the country. The World Bank, as of November 2023, has given $29 billion to support basic social services in Ukraine, with more than $20 billion spent on the salaries of civil servants, teachers, health workers, first responders and pensions.
Furthermore, charitable contributions have also been widespread. In December 2023, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said that the government-run United24 had raised $500 million from donations across the globe. The significant aid received by Ukraine has led to the impression that the country relies solely on external assistance. However, from the outset, it is crucial to recognize grassroots humanitarian efforts in Ukraine have played a pivotal role in their recovery.
Civil Society in Ukraine
Vyacheslav Hardikov, a deputy director in the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, said in October 2023 that since the resumption of the invasion, 9,000 charities and 6,000 public organizations had officially registered with the Ukrainian government. In its 32 years of independence from the Soviet Union, Ukraine has gone through periods of democratization and regression to authoritarianism. When democracy or independence has been perceived as being under threat, participation in grassroots humanitarian efforts has spiked. Thinktank Chatham House has put it that Ukrainians have a “strong sense of autonomy from the state.”
As of September 2023, a survey by the Center for Insights, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), found that 33% of Ukrainians were volunteering part-time and 6% full-time. Another found that after 18 months of war, 68% of Ukrainians had volunteered in some capacity. The remaining 32% primarily consists of individuals who, for the most part, require assistance. Volunteerism is more prevalent among 18-29-year-olds, with 75.8% actively participating, compared to 49% among those aged 60 or above. Additionally, volunteering was more common among those who reported living well (85.9%) than those who reported barely making ends meet (46.7%). Among the 15,000 new organizations are groups formed spontaneously in reaction to the Russian invasion. Likewise, organizations that already existed altered themselves almost completely to the needs of the war.
Feminist Workshop in Ukraine
Feminist Workshop (FemWork) was formed in Lviv in 2014. For the last decade, Ukrainian women have earned more than 20% less than men, equivalent to $6000. Additionally, two out of three women have experienced gender-motivated violence. Apart from holding workshops and lectures, Femwork was created as a space “that would allow the feminist community of Lviv and Ukraine to feel safe.”
Located near the border with Poland, millions of refugees passed through Lviv. At its height, the city of 700,000 had 100,000 people moving through it daily. Speaking with The Borgen Project, FemWork said that in early 2022, they planned to close due to a lack of funding. “But when a full-scale war started, our community organized itself.”
Like thousands of others in Lviv, FemWork found refugee beds in their friends’ apartments, gave out food and clothes and helped at the train station. A psychological support workshop was revived on the night of the invasion. “Then there was no time to think, doubt or fear,” FemWork said. “Each of us did everything we could and even more.”
With Ukraine’s GDP dropping by more than 30% and poverty rising from 5.5% to 24% in 2022, what was once the basics of living have become out-of-reach for millions of Ukrainians. The 51% of 60-year-olds who had not volunteered are often pensioners with no means to move or find alternative income. FemWork coming to help grannies, as they put it, reflected that with food and medicine prices rising, the “pensions of many elderly women don’t come close to covering their basic needs.”
Trouble Getting International Help
Ukrainians have faced difficulties in receiving assistance from international organizations due to their large size. The bureaucratic processes they are obligated to employ are often impossible for ordinary people to navigate, let alone those who have been forced from their homes, leaving passports and documents behind. “We often work with elderly people who don’t even know how to use a phone,” FemWork told The Borgen Project, “so it’s obvious that they are afraid to send their documents to someone or they don’t even understand what is required of them.” People need help getting to the help waiting for them. In other words, “(We) go to the bank with them, help collect documents, defend their rights to receive assistance, explain what is required of them and what personal information is safe to transfer.”
Grassroots humanitarian efforts in Ukraine, in tandem with funding from international organizations, have been able to meet some of the daily needs of the Ukrainian people, during a time of instability and war within the country.
– Frederick Lake
Photo: Flickr
Child Soldiers in Ethiopia
Conflict Background
The debris of the Tigray War, which ended in 2022, has brought a new internal conflict to the country. Ethnic relations and political tensions between Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) caused the Tigray War to break out in 2020. The TPLF had previously been the leading force in control of the federal government, opposing Ahmed’s agenda. The Tigray War was notably characterized by ethnic violence and became of international concern.
During the war, the TPLF army used child soldiers in Ethiopia as a shield, positioning them on the front lines of the war zone. While the use of child soldiers is a violation of human rights and international law, the TPLF denies the proven accusations, stating that the children are only used to collect and gather weapons left behind.
After the war and under the premise of wanting to minimize crime based on ethnicity, the Ethiopian government began fighting militias and regional forces. This even included ones to which the government was an ally during the Tigray War, most notably the regional forces of Amhara. According to a 2022 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Ethiopia published by the U.S. Department of State, both militias and the government are using child soldiers in Ethiopia in the current conflict. The Ethiopian government also denies the allegations.
Becoming Child Soldiers
Children become child soldiers for different reasons. Some are kidnapped; others are threatened or manipulated into joining. Armed forces favor kids for their physical endurance and because they raise fewer suspicions. However, some of them become soldiers as a way to escape poverty.
Child soldiers are not only those on the front lines; they are also used in war in any other capacity. This includes using children as cooks, spies or most recently suicide bombers. Girls who are recruited are subject to gender-specific vulnerabilities such as sexual assault, sex trafficking and unwanted pregnancies.
The Fight Against Child Soldiers
Child soldiers are victims who are forced onto battlefields and manipulated to stay. Many struggle to re-integrate into society when conflicts are over and face discrimination by their families and communities.
Organizations such as Children and Armed Conflict, part of the United Nations, focus on combating the recruitment of children for war. As stated on the site, “The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child outlaws child soldiering, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child established 18 as the minimum age for children’s participation in hostilities.”
The campaign Children, Not Soldiers, launched in 2014, achieved a wide range of success in the fight against child soldiers. Despite ending only two years later, long-lasting actions were achieved, such as the end and prevention of child soldiers in the DRC and Sudan. While the campaign had a major impact in other African countries, Ethiopia did not become part of the campaign.
Ethiopia’s continuous state of conflict endangers children and perpetuates a cycle of child soldier recruitment. While the issue has drawn international attention, there is much more work required to end the phenomenon of child soldiers in Ethiopia.
– Paula Pujol-Gibson
Photo: Flickr
UK AI for Development Program
The U.K. AI for development program pledged £80 million to be able to achieve its goals with the U.K. providing £38 million worth of funding to tackle the aforementioned issues and to spur technology-led innovation within the African population, facilitating long-term development.
Tackling Food Insecurity
Sub-Saharan Africa experiences the most severe effects of undernutrition, with some countries seeing a regression in nutritional improvements contrary to global trends, including rising cases of conditions like stunting. The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have significantly hindered progress in addressing food insecurity. The pandemic has disrupted supply chains, while the conflict has driven up global food prices. Additionally, climate change with its most acute impacts in the global south, threatens food security by disrupting the factors necessary for food production.
U.K. AI for development program will aid in alleviating these challenges by integrating AI into Sub-Saharan African practices, in which farmers are generally operating through non-mechanized practices. The introduction of AI will allow for the uptake of the different facets of ‘precision farming’ which allows for more food production through the reduction of wastage and accurate allocation of resources, more reactive and informed planting decisions with regards to conditions induced by climate change, the reduction of inputs (conservation) and improved market efficiency and technology such as geographic information systems, microcomputers, and global navigation satellite systems to inform the farmers on optimal seed selection, crop rotations, irrigation and various other decision processes in the production process.
AI-led soil fertility measurement systems can identify yield-limiting factors, guiding farmers on the optimal locations for planting crops to maximize production and advising where to avoid planting until chemical balances become more favorable. Moreover, this boost in production can complement AI-based market tools that enhance communication among market participants. As a result, consumers gain access to more affordable and diverse food options, while reducing wastage that often results from overestimating market size. Together, these innovations contribute to mitigating the factors that lead to food insecurity.
AI for Development: Medical Innovation
In part, £100 million in funding will be used to accelerate the use of AI in health care and medical sciences. AI when used in conjunction with medical practices can have significant positive impacts on tackling disease, hospital function and inefficiencies in drug development, all of which contribute to mortality rates, disability rates and hospitalization all of which have the potential to stifle the prosperity of a nation.
Through the U.K. AI for development program, Africa can benefit, by reducing the traditionally protracted timeline associated with drug production, which is typically 10-15 years and costs approximately $2.5 Billion. Furthermore, Africa is primarily an importer of foreign medicines, relying on Asian-made supplies, but utilizing AI will allow these barriers, such as the high cost to be reduced and so will allow Africa to participate in the pharmaceutical development process.
Additionally, health care services can access crucial patient data in a more streamlined, contextual and timely manner. Efforts are underway to facilitate remote consultations via AI, especially in rural areas where distances from health care facilities pose challenges.
Technology Fluency and AI Innovation
The U.K. AI for Development Programme acknowledges the critical role of African nations in the discourse on AI and its future. It mirrors the U.K.’s aim to use AI as a ‘force for good.’ Paula Ingabire, Rwanda’s Minister of Information Communication Technology and Innovation, emphasizes the power of inclusivity. This approach enables Africans to transition from merely consuming high technology and AI to producing it. The initiative specifically aims to ensure that at least five African nations become influential in the global conversation about AI.
They must be able to keep pace with this AI ‘revolution’ and not fall victim to previous lags in technological advances due to a lack of local capacity and knowledge, to be able to experience self-determined social growth. Examples of how this will be achieved are through investment in post-graduate study programmes in Nigeria and the provision of locally focussed data sets which are open to use for the country.
Leap Forward in Sub-Saharan Africa
The U.K. AI for Development program, in collaboration with African partners, recognizes the essential criteria for the success of AI technologies: relevance, affordability and usability within the communities they aim to benefit. By actively engaging with local organizations that share their vision, the project is significantly enhancing technological literacy in Sub-Saharan Africa. This initiative stands as a beacon of innovation, demonstrating the profound impact that tailored, accessible AI solutions can have in transforming lives and fostering sustainable development across the region.
– Tevin Muendo
Photo: Unsplash
Cricket and Poverty Reduction in India
Cricket and Creating a Distinct Identity
Cricket has played a significant role in India’s fight against poverty, with a history deeply intertwined with the nation’s quest for autonomy and the ability to shape one’s destiny. A sport introduced by the British Empire became a symbol of resistance for India during its struggle for independence. The game allowed individuals from impoverished backgrounds to achieve economic and social mobility. Pamala Devan stated, “Cricket has enabled social mobility among the Indian people, allowing cricketers from humble origins to master the sport and move to larger cities to showcase their cricketing skills.” This aspect of cricket has provided many with the opportunity to improve their lives and status within society.
Furthermore, the British Empire hoped that by introducing an ‘English’ game, they could control the lower class, when in fact, they provided India with a vehicle to assert their own identity whilst being given a tool to ascend the position the British sought for them, as subservient. Cricket allowed this process to continue post-independence, where the economically disadvantaged can escape poverty via an Indian symbol of freedom: cricket.
The Economic Advantages of Cricket
Cricket’s role in reducing poverty in India is significantly aided by its significant role in India’s economy, providing a considerable economic advantage. As Pamela Devan notes, India is the world’s largest cricket consumer, generating 60% of the world’s cricket income. With a population of more than one billion, India naturally boasts the most prominent TV audiences. Moreover, cricket is not simply a passive spectator sport for many Indians and South Asians; many have also played the game.
Playing cricket, particularly for those from impoverished backgrounds, offers a means of escaping poverty and achieving international stardom, a path that has been available for several decades. This can also increase exposure to Indian culture and showcase world-class cricket players through events such as the Indian Premier League (IPL) and on international stages, allowing audiences to enjoy the sport.
The Indian Premier League (IPL)
Cricket’s role in reducing poverty in India involves collaboration between the Indian Government and cricketing organizations. In 2014, the economic benefits of increased visibility became clear when two teams reported significant profits: Kolkata Knight Riders announced a profit of Rs 14.15 crore ($2.12 million) and Kings XI Punjab reported earnings of Rs 12.76 crore ($1.91 million). The IPL has showcased its marketing prowess by signing players with high market values, ensuring excellent returns on investment both internationally and regionally.
Cricket: A Catalyst for Change in India
The collaboration between the Indian government and cricket organizations, including the IPL, highlights a unique approach to addressing poverty while fostering national pride. These partnerships have not only elevated India’s stature on the global stage but also underscored the potential of sports as a vehicle for social and economic development.
The strategic use of cricket in poverty alleviation efforts exemplifies a successful model for integrating sports into national development agendas. The link between cricket and poverty reduction in India is strengthening the economy through initiatives and providing valuable insights for other nations. The positive impact of cricket in India serves as a powerful testament to the role of sports in driving meaningful change and improving lives across the globe.
– Jordan Cunningham
Photo: Pexels
On the Brink of Eradication: Polio in Pakistan
Polio is an extremely infectious viral disease, largely affecting young children under five. Symptoms can range widely from flu-like illness to paralysis or even death, with paralysis victims often permanently losing use of their legs or arms. This life-altering virus spreads via fecal-oral transmission or occasionally through contaminated food or water and can spread rapidly through communities if not managed carefully.
Eradicating Polio in Pakistan
In an effort to tackle the persisting threat of the virus, Pakistan launched its Polio Eradication Programme in 1994 and has since seen a significant decline in polio cases, with cases dropping from 20,000 annually in the 1990s to only eight cases in 2018.
The country’s eradication strategy prioritizes:
Vaccine Home Delivery
In 2000, the year Pakistan launched home delivery of the oral polio vaccine (OPV), there were a reported 119 cases of polio in Pakistan. Although figures were initially on the decline, with only 32 cases reported less than a decade later, these figures have been steadily increasing since 2008. In 2019, there were 146 cases of polio in Pakistan reported.
Many parents and carers are beginning to refuse the vaccine for their children, proving to be a critical factor in polio’s resurgence. In polio-endemic countries such as Pakistan, children require multiple doses of the vaccine in order to build up sufficient immunity from the disease.
Tracking Reasons for OPV Rejection
In an attempt to address the rising rejection of OPV, the World Health Organisation (WHO) developed a tally sheet for frontline workers to make a record of the various reasons for vaccine refusal.
Here are some of the notable reasons for rejection:
However, despite this regression in the 2010s, polio in Pakistan has been back on the decline in recent years. Cases dropped by 36% from 2019 to 2020, with numbers continuing to drop in 2021. This is reassuring progress for Pakistan and all the more impressive when considering the additional challenges the Coronavirus pandemic posed to the safety and efficiency of successful OPV rollout.
Polio in Pakistan: The Future
In 2023, there were six reported cases of polio in Pakistan. As the country continues to press on with its fight against this life-altering virus, there seems reason for optimism for the future. Consistent and thorough vaccination campaigns continue to be carried out across Pakistan, but it seems that successfully and thoroughly eradicating polio relies upon both the continued efforts from the government and health care workers in hand with consistent cooperation from parents.
– Rose Williams
Photo: Flickr
Countries That Halved Their Multidimensional Poverty Index
India
Between 2015–2016 and 2019–2021, 135 million people escaped multidimensional poverty, with the largest decline in the north of India. The different methods of the multi-layered approach are:
Indonesia
Having made substantial progress in reducing the MPI, 19.1% of the population in 2000 lived in multidimensional poverty. In 2022, this was 9.5%.
Morocco
Morocco has managed to reduce its multidimensional poverty from 16.2 in 2010 to less than 9% in 2020.
Cambodia
Cambodia has made commendable strides in reducing poverty levels, with two million Cambodians escaping multidimensional poverty.
China
In China 62% of the population in 2010 lived in Multidimensional Poverty to 24% in 2019, China has managed to lift millions of people out of poverty.
– Jack Timmins
Photo: Unsplash
Grassroots Humanitarian Efforts In Ukraine
Furthermore, charitable contributions have also been widespread. In December 2023, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said that the government-run United24 had raised $500 million from donations across the globe. The significant aid received by Ukraine has led to the impression that the country relies solely on external assistance. However, from the outset, it is crucial to recognize grassroots humanitarian efforts in Ukraine have played a pivotal role in their recovery.
Civil Society in Ukraine
Vyacheslav Hardikov, a deputy director in the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, said in October 2023 that since the resumption of the invasion, 9,000 charities and 6,000 public organizations had officially registered with the Ukrainian government. In its 32 years of independence from the Soviet Union, Ukraine has gone through periods of democratization and regression to authoritarianism. When democracy or independence has been perceived as being under threat, participation in grassroots humanitarian efforts has spiked. Thinktank Chatham House has put it that Ukrainians have a “strong sense of autonomy from the state.”
As of September 2023, a survey by the Center for Insights, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), found that 33% of Ukrainians were volunteering part-time and 6% full-time. Another found that after 18 months of war, 68% of Ukrainians had volunteered in some capacity. The remaining 32% primarily consists of individuals who, for the most part, require assistance. Volunteerism is more prevalent among 18-29-year-olds, with 75.8% actively participating, compared to 49% among those aged 60 or above. Additionally, volunteering was more common among those who reported living well (85.9%) than those who reported barely making ends meet (46.7%). Among the 15,000 new organizations are groups formed spontaneously in reaction to the Russian invasion. Likewise, organizations that already existed altered themselves almost completely to the needs of the war.
Feminist Workshop in Ukraine
Feminist Workshop (FemWork) was formed in Lviv in 2014. For the last decade, Ukrainian women have earned more than 20% less than men, equivalent to $6000. Additionally, two out of three women have experienced gender-motivated violence. Apart from holding workshops and lectures, Femwork was created as a space “that would allow the feminist community of Lviv and Ukraine to feel safe.”
Located near the border with Poland, millions of refugees passed through Lviv. At its height, the city of 700,000 had 100,000 people moving through it daily. Speaking with The Borgen Project, FemWork said that in early 2022, they planned to close due to a lack of funding. “But when a full-scale war started, our community organized itself.”
Like thousands of others in Lviv, FemWork found refugee beds in their friends’ apartments, gave out food and clothes and helped at the train station. A psychological support workshop was revived on the night of the invasion. “Then there was no time to think, doubt or fear,” FemWork said. “Each of us did everything we could and even more.”
With Ukraine’s GDP dropping by more than 30% and poverty rising from 5.5% to 24% in 2022, what was once the basics of living have become out-of-reach for millions of Ukrainians. The 51% of 60-year-olds who had not volunteered are often pensioners with no means to move or find alternative income. FemWork coming to help grannies, as they put it, reflected that with food and medicine prices rising, the “pensions of many elderly women don’t come close to covering their basic needs.”
Trouble Getting International Help
Ukrainians have faced difficulties in receiving assistance from international organizations due to their large size. The bureaucratic processes they are obligated to employ are often impossible for ordinary people to navigate, let alone those who have been forced from their homes, leaving passports and documents behind. “We often work with elderly people who don’t even know how to use a phone,” FemWork told The Borgen Project, “so it’s obvious that they are afraid to send their documents to someone or they don’t even understand what is required of them.” People need help getting to the help waiting for them. In other words, “(We) go to the bank with them, help collect documents, defend their rights to receive assistance, explain what is required of them and what personal information is safe to transfer.”
Grassroots humanitarian efforts in Ukraine, in tandem with funding from international organizations, have been able to meet some of the daily needs of the Ukrainian people, during a time of instability and war within the country.
– Frederick Lake
Photo: Flickr
Tech Firms Take On Poverty
Alphabet (Google)
As the leading powerhouse in the search engine industry, according to Forbes, Google has established itself as the second-largest brand in the world while turning in $279 billion in revenue as of 2023. Google has been actively involved in philanthropic initiatives through Google.org, its charitable arm established in 2005. The organization has engaged in various poverty alleviation projects across the globe. Google.org has invested more than $250 million into closing educational gaps worldwide, especially in impoverished areas. This includes supplying technological resources to facilitate learning, a collaboration that extends to partnerships with entities like Khan Academy.
Furthermore, the organization has contributed to economic empowerment across countries in the Middle East, Asia and Africa by supporting those who suffer from systematic barriers as small to medium-sized business owners. One of Google’s more recent contributions is a $5 million grant provided to underserved businesses worldwide during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Google.org is an example of how technology firms are alleviating poverty by supporting various communities. This support includes ensuring access to education and fostering financial stability, which helps to lift households out of poverty.
Meta
Recently rebranded from Facebook, Meta holds significant control over media consumption through platforms like Instagram, Facebook and WhatsApp. The multinational technology company has expanded its philanthropic efforts through the founders, Mark Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan. Having pledged to donate more than 99% of their fortune throughout their lifetime, estimated to be around $45 billion, the couple established the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI) in 2015.
The initiative has become an important player in lobbying U.S. legislators, leveraging its substantial funding to address social issues on a global scale. Furthermore, it has given away more than $4.9 billion in grants to various nonprofit organizations globally, with a keen focus on medical research, which can positively contribute to impoverished communities across the globe by improving living standards.
CZI contributes significantly to the fight against poverty by making global venture investments in emerging companies. These investments aim to alleviate poverty through research and innovation, particularly in the discovery of new techniques to establish food security and ensure equal access to education on a global scale, leveraging the power of technology.
While it may be challenging to entirely separate the philanthropic motives of tech firms from their corporate social responsibility branding, potential tax breaks and other benefits, it is nonetheless encouraging to see these companies actively alleviating poverty through generous donations and efforts aimed at creating positive change.
– Matthew Fung
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Women’s Rights and Gender Equality in Lithuania
Governmental Gender Equality Initiatives
The Ministry of Social Security and Labour is in charge of equality policy in Lithuania and ensuring that their strategies are effectively implemented. In 2021, this government group took on responsibility for ensuring gender equality as a core value in the work of the nation’s central government. The ministry also had an internal structure named the Equal Opportunities and Equality between Women and Men Group, which oversees government policy on anti-discrimination and gender equality. This group has eight employees, two of whom work strictly on gender-based issues.
Initiatives in the Workplace
In 2016, the Ministry of Social Security and Labour implemented the initiative “Municipal Success Code- Gender Equality.” This project aims to reduce gender disparities regarding both the right to work and rights at work by purposely targeting issues such as the wage gap between genders and public education on the impacts of this inequality. This project ran until December 2019.
This program tackled the gender pay gap in municipalities by raising public awareness, identifying factors that determine equality and developing targeted solutions. Consequently, in 2017, a list of gender-based inequality indicators was compiled, encompassing nine key factors: “demography, knowledge, participation in the labor market, access to social services, economic power (resources), authorities and decision-making, health and health services, domestic violence and time.” This list of specifics meant that the correct targeted measures could be issued to the appropriate people and areas.
Lithuania’s movements towards women’s rights in the workplace have made an impact. The percentage of unemployed females (5.5%) stands slightly lower than the unemployment rate of men, which is currently at 7%. However, there is still progress to be made in this sector, as the proportion of females spending time on unpaid chores remains at 18.7%, which is notably higher than the male figure of 9%.
Women’s NGOs in Lithuania
“According to data from the Lithuania’s Women’s Information Centre, there were 63 women’s NGOs in existence on 1 January 1999.” Although there is no “umbrella term” involving all organizations for women in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Women’s Association embraces 12 member organizations. Additionally, 18 women’s organizations are involved in this association’s coordination council and the Women’s Information Centre was founded as a mediator for all the organizations in the nation. This has been monumental for women’s rights.
For instance, these initiatives sped up the implementation of the Law on Equal Opportunities, which benefits women’s rights in the opportunity to and ability to engage in public life. Additionally, it focuses on improving sectors such as transport and infrastructure. Another significant example was their cooperation to engage in protests against “quotas established for men during the entrance examinations at the Kaunas Institute of Technology in 1998.” These quotas were put in place by the university itself, demonstrating the severity of institutional gender bias. This powerful initiative meant that these quotas were soon abolished.
Initiatives Against Violence Against Women
Violence against women is a serious problem in Lithuania. The 2014 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights survey data results demonstrated that, since the age of 15, 31% of women in Lithuania have experienced physical and/or sexual violence. The Network of Specialized Assistance Centres was set up by NGOs and has been in place since 2012. This initiative set up centers to support victims of violence, educate them on how and where they can receive this aid and help in restoring interpersonal relationships with family members.
Further, in 2012, the Lithuanian government initiated an Inter-Institutional action plan focused on crime prevention and the control of violence, with a particular emphasis on violence against women. In 2015, more than 8,000 women received assistance through these centers. Lithuania currently operates 17 specialized support centers to aid women who are victims of domestic violence.
Looking Ahead
Thanks to these efforts, Lithuania ranks ninth globally for gender equality, as reported by the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2023. Elements of gender equality can be seen in the social aspects of everyday life in Lithuania. For instance, the literacy rate of males and females aged 15 and above stands at 99.8%. With the ongoing support of the Lithuanian government, the fight for gender equality is certainly progressing in the right direction and can be expected to strengthen even further.
– Eva McMonigle
Photo: Flickr
The KIND Fund in Malawi
The KIND Fund
In a developing country like Malawi, children attend classes on the ground, similar to a pre-school. As the children grow older, this arrangement becomes less practical for an advanced learning environment. The children have to balance paper on their knees to write. Since soap is expensive in Malawi, kids skip school if they dislike being seen in dirty clothes after a week of sitting on the ground. This is particularly true for girls who prefer to miss several school days rather than spend all day on the dirty ground during their periods and having to jump up and down to answer questions.
The KIND Fund, short for Kids in Need of Desks, was created by MSNBC reporter Lawrence O’Donnell and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in 2010 to provide desks to all ages of schoolchildren in Malawi. Since 2010, the program has raised $38 million to help kids get desks and school supplies. The provision of desks not only yields tangible benefits such as improved penmanship but also enhances the overall attitude of children towards school.
Scholarships for Girls
Desks are not the only focus of the KIND Fund. KIND also provides secondary scholarships for girls to move forward in their education. A scholarship package from them will fund a girl’s tuition, boarding, transport and school supplies fees and include everything from socks to mentorship at school. The program has provided scholarships to more than 27000 girls across Malawi.
Keeping girls in school, even until age 18, is a small win against child marriage, a serious problem in developing countries. About 47% of women are married before age 18 in Malawi. The KIND fund conducted interviews with girls, posing the question of what they would do without the scholarship. Fifteen-year-old Happiness Ndawu responded, “Here in Malawi, girls marry at early ages. So, at 15, maybe I would have been married by now.” Happiness aspires to become a journalist. Being in school has protected her from potential domestic violence, risky pregnancies and other challenges that child brides often encounter. It has also opened her eyes to the potential she possesses.
Conclusion
Education plays a crucial role in lifting a country out of poverty, serving as one of the most essential pathways for socioeconomic advancement. When people think about education, they often take things like furniture and supplies for granted, items that other countries lack. A well-made desk can last decades and serve dozens of children over generations.
– Varsha Pai
Photo: Flickr
Facts About Women Sanitation in Indonesia
Period Poverty
Period poverty can be defined as a lack of access to menstrual products, hygiene facilities, waste management and education, affecting many women globally and causing physical, mental and emotional challenges. Women in Indonesia also cannot afford proper menstrual sanitation products such as tampons and sanitary napkins. They only use one pad for one day. Most women depend on their husbands’ salary, which averages less than IDR 2,000,000 to IDR 3,000,000 (approximately $128 to $192).
Only 34% of Girls Receive Menstruation Education
More than 50% of girls in Indonesia do not receive menstruation education from their mothers. Menstruation is considered abnormal and abject, so girls are not able to talk about menstruation when they experience it. The negative stigma attached to menstruation makes menstruation taboo to talk about. About 25% of teenagers in Indonesia “never discussed menstruation before they had their first menstruation” and 17% of them do not know that “menstruation is a sign of puberty.”
Lack of proper education regarding menstrual and reproductive hygiene can lead to unwanted pregnancies and reproductive diseases. Schools often fail to provide education about menstruation and proper reproductive health for girls experiencing puberty, along with adequate facilities for those undergoing menstruation. A recorded 42% of girls do not change sanitary napkins at school due to the lack of cleanliness in school toilets.
Sanitation Has a Significant Impact on Stunting
Many women and girls cannot access proper sanitation at home. Poor maternal health and hygiene have a significant impact on stunting. Data shows that 1 in 3 children in Indonesia experience stunting. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines stunting as “the impaired growth and development that children experience from poor nutrition, repeated infection and inadequate psychosocial stimulation.” The impact of stunting does not occur instantly but will have an effect on children’s health and nutrition in the long term.
Poor Sanitation Kills More Women Than HIV and Aids
Poor sanitation is closely related to death. Not washing hands when handling deliveries and after giving birth causes mothers to contract infectious diseases. About 12% of mothers die during childbirth due to infection. Zainal I Nampira, the Head of the Water Health and Basic Sanitation Sub Division of the Directorate of Environment Health at the Ministry of Health, hopes that as access to basic sanitation improves, the maternal mortality rate can be reduced to 24 per 1,000 people.
Looking Ahead
To combat women’s sanitation-related issues in Indonesia, the World Bank, in collaboration with the Indonesian government and other organizations, implemented the National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (PAMSIMAS) in 2008. The program successfully provided access to drinking water to 24.5 million people in 35,928 villages across 408 districts in Indonesia by the end of 2021.
– Afra Amirah
Photo: Flickr