Archive for category: Global Poverty

Key articles and information on global poverty.

Exploring Poverty and Urbanization in India

Urbanization in IndiaIndia, a land of striking diversity, is in the throes of rapid urbanization, transforming its socio-economic landscape. This South Asian nation, home to more than 1.4 billion people, is witnessing a profound shift from agrarian traditions to urban centers. The catalysts for this change are multifaceted, encompassing factors such as industrialization, economic growth and rural-to-urban migration.

Urbanization can have a positive impact on reducing poverty and improving the lives of the population of any country. UN India states that India has witnessed remarkable urban advancement, with projections indicating that more than 400 million individuals will reside in its cities by 2030. Despite occupying just 3% of the land, cities significantly contribute to India’s GDP, amounting to 60%. This urban expansion has played a pivotal role in reducing poverty across the country, with approximately 80% of the overall poverty reduction attributed to urban growth. However, the challenges have not ended. Rapid urbanization in India has also shed light on some key issues regarding India’s growth and its fight against poverty. Here are four facts about India’s urbanization.

1. Extreme Weather Patterns Contribute to Urbanization

India’s urbanization is inextricably linked with harsh weather events, presenting a complex dynamic. Extreme weather patterns significantly impact Indian rural areas. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall and extreme weather events disrupt agriculture, affecting livelihoods and food security. Water scarcity, crop failures and dying livestock compound the vulnerability of rural communities who are left with no option but to migrate to the rapidly urbanizing cities of India to sustain their families. Each year there are approximately 100 million interstate migrants in India.

2. Population Boom in Urban Areas

With the continuous influx of interstate migrants, Indian metros have witnessed an astonishing rise in population over the years. Mumbai experienced significant rural-to-urban migration, hosting a population of 12.5 million, making it India’s most populous metropolis, closely followed by Delhi with 11 million residents. According to the 2011 census, Delhi recorded the world’s fastest urbanization rate, with a 4.1% population increase, while Mumbai’s population grew by 3.1% and Kolkata’s by 2% compared to the 2001 census. For example, by 2015, Delhi had an estimated population of 26 million, Mumbai 24 million and Kolkata 16 million.

3. Urban Poverty

While on one hand India’s rapid urbanization has presented the citizens with grand skyscrapers and been beneficial for many to sustain comfortable, healthy lives, a grim reality persists on the ground level. As cities expand, a significant portion of the population grapples with inadequate housing, lack of basic services and limited access to education and health care. India’s population includes 65.49 million individuals residing in 13.7 million slum households nationwide. Approximately 65% of Indian cities have neighboring slum areas characterized by compact, closely spaced dwellings.

4. Rising Co-morbidities in Urban Areas

India’s urbanization, while propelling economic growth and modernization, has also contributed to a concerning rise in co-morbidities. As urban areas expand, lifestyle changes accompany the shift, with increased consumption of processed foods, sedentary habits and greater exposure to environmental pollutants. These factors have led to a surge in non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and respiratory conditions. Urban residents often face higher stress levels, inadequate access to health care and suboptimal living conditions, exacerbating the prevalence of co-morbidities. For example, In urban regions, the prevalence of multimorbidity stands at 9.7%, surpassing the 5.7% rate in rural areas. Among adults aged 40–49 in urban areas, at least one multimorbidity is present in 56–64% of cases, compared to 39–50% in rural settings. 

Looking Ahead

Despite the challenges that have come with urbanization, urbanization in India has also shown largely positive outcomes. Between 2005 and 2021, India witnessed a significant reduction in poverty, as 415 million individuals transitioned out of impoverished conditions. The poverty rate decreased from 55.1% in 2005–06 to 16.4% in 2019–21. 

However, the implementation of properly planned programs and schemes is essential to combat the individual issues pertaining to unplanned rapid urbanization. For example, the Pradhan Mantri Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is an innovative government-funded initiative that launched in India in 2018, offering the largest public health insurance globally. Its primary goal is to make health care accessible and affordable, particularly for low-income individuals. Providing a substantial 500,000 rupee insurance coverage per family, the program strives for a comprehensive approach, delivering a wide range of health services rather than selective ones.

India’s urbanization journey is characterized by burgeoning metropolises like Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore, juxtaposed with smaller cities and towns experiencing their own growth spurts. This transformation brings both promise and challenges. On one hand, the idea of urbanization fosters economic opportunities, technological advancements and improved living standards, while on the other, it strains infrastructure, exacerbates issues like congestion and poses environmental threats.

As India navigates this intricate urbanization process, addressing these issues becomes imperative. Sustainable urban planning, infrastructure development and inclusive policies are key to harnessing the potential of India’s urban centers. By understanding and effectively managing its urbanization, India can aspire to build cities that offer a high quality of life while preserving its rich cultural heritage and natural resources.

– Piyush Plabon Das
Photo: Flickr

,

3 Charities Operating in Italy

Charities Operating in ItalyAn estimated 22% of Italians are at risk of food poverty or food insecurity. Human Rights Watch states that “Exacerbating existing issues with social exclusion and equitable distribution of resources, the prices for groceries and unprocessed foods increased by 8.2% between June 2021 and June 2022.” Here are five charities operating in the country of Italy to fight poverty.

GCAP

 Among the charities operating in Italy is GCAP. Supported by many citizens, organizations, trade unions, movements of civil society and associations in Italy, the GCAP refers to their organizations as “the Italian expression of a broader global movement that has the objective of countering the mechanisms that generate poverty and inequality in the world, promoting the adoption of sustainable development policies respecting human rights, the dignity of every person, gender equality, social justice and the environment.” Since 2005, several mobilization activities and international campaigns have taken place to encourage political leaders to stand by their commitments to the country and eradicate poverty. 

Other issues raised during these movements include the environment, international conventions and human rights. Basing its vision on respect, dignity, equity and sustainability, here is what GCAP vows in its mission. “We want a world in which the economic system creates wealth for everyone and not just for the few; a world where governments, people and the private sector respect and take care of the planet to be habitable for us and future generations.”

Together with the other national coalitions, GCAP Italy supports all women and men in their battles to achieve greater justice and dignity, brings together the organizations of Italian Civil Society to dialogue with the institutions and intervenes in those processes that perpetuate poverty and social and economic uncertainty; defends and promotes fundamental human rights, gender equity, social justice and security necessary to guarantee universal dignity and peace.”

Caritas Italiana

Founded in 1971, Caritas Italiana is a pastoral organization of the Italian Bishops Conference. Supporting the most vulnerable people, the organization engages in many areas, including homelessness, immigration, mental health and old and new forms of poverty. They work within the Church to raise awareness on the issues surrounding charity — promoting the vitality of positive actions towards the poor. Not only does Caritas Italiana implement charitable actions to help those in need, but they also coordinate emergency responses in tragic disasters in Italy and abroad. 

Caritas Italiana is also focused on convincing civil institutions to support the community’s human rights through legislation. The organization conducts research projects related to the causes of poverty and produces analysis. Providing staff training, they emphasize the importance of awakening public opinion and offering helpful services to various groups and movements. The organization remarks that “The deep moral and spiritual principles of dignity, justice, solidarity and stewardship still guide Caritas today.”

EMERGENCY

Having treated more than 12.5 million people across 20 countries, EMERGENCY is an independent organization that provides free, high-quality medical care to victims of war, landmines and poverty — treating one patient every minute. Since 1994, EMERGENCY has promoted respect for human rights, solidarity and a culture of peace. They believe that it is a fundamental human right to receive health care. Their approach to this belief is based on three things — equality, quality and social responsibility. EMERGENCY remark when referencing social responsibility and the government that “Governments must make the health and wellbeing of their citizens a priority. They must set aside the human and economic resources necessary for this end. The health care services governments and humanitarian organizations provide must be free and available to all.” 

Since 2006, its work in Italy has received 533,947 consultations. The Italian Constitution states that “The Republic protects health as a fundamental right of the individual and in the interest of the community, and guarantees free treatment to the destitute.” However, due to poverty and the inability to navigate a complex health care system, many Italians will have this right overlooked. EMERGENCY’s Italy Programme strives to support vulnerable communities to receive the correct access to high-quality health care. Some of their positivity projects include providing medical assistance and psychosocial support to agricultural workers in Sicily. As well as implementing an information point for socio-medical counseling in Brescia and mobile clinics around Italy.

Despite the efforts of these charities operating in Italy to irradiate poverty in Italy, Istat revealed in its 2021 report that “At the individual level, there was also a significant increase in the incidence of relative poverty both in national average (which returned to the 2019 levels when it was 14.7%) and, in particular, in the Southern regions (from 22.6% in 2020 to 25.3% in 2021) and the Centre (from 8.9% in 2020 to 10.0% in 2021).”

– Katerina Petrou
Photo: Flickr  

,

Diseases Impacting the Philippines

Diseases Impacting the PhilippinesThe Philippines, a country celebrated for its rich culture and scenic beauty, grapples with various health challenges. The country contends with infectious diseases, a shortage of health care services and illnesses linked to the environment. Recognizing these issues, the government has initiated measures to enhance health care infrastructure and tackle critical public health concerns, aiming to effectively address the health issues affecting the Filipino population.

The Philippine’s Health Care System

The Philippines employs a health care system that blends both public and private services. The national health insurance program, known as the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth), strives to ensure equitable access to quality health care for all citizens. Despite progress toward health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the emergence of chronic diseases poses a new challenge, particularly in impoverished communities.

The health care system has great hospitals and capable medical providers who are unable to account for the large marginalized populations suffering from diseases impacting the Philippines. Made up of more than 7,500 islands and 20,000 miles of coastline, the Philippines has many remote communities whose medical infrastructure and resources are not adequate. This leads to an uneven distribution of health care resources between urban and rural areas, limited financing and a shortage of health care professionals.

Prominent Statistics

Vaccine-preventable diseases are increasing in the Philippines, “potentially reversing the positive results of decades of successful immunization campaigns.” Since 2019, the country has reported outbreaks of polio, measles, respiratory infections and waterborne diseases. In August 2019, the Department of Health declared a national epidemic due to a dengue outbreak. In November 2019, the Philippines faced significant health challenges. Dengue cases surpassed 370,000, resulting in 1,407 deaths. Additionally, 197 cases of diphtheria led to 47 deaths in October. Measles affected over 42,200 people, causing 560 deaths due to complications. The country, polio-free for 19 years, reported four cases caused by vaccine-derived poliovirus. These outbreaks persist due to low population immunity. It highlights the importance of vaccination to safeguard public health and prevent the re-emergence of previously controlled diseases.

Efforts by NGOs and the Government of Philippines

Thankfully, the World Health Organization’s Immunization Agenda of 2030 aims to make vaccinations available globally by 2030. On June 2, 2021, the Department of Health declared the polio outbreak non-urgent after years of “comprehensive outbreak response actions, including intensified immunization and surveillance activities” in remote areas. The Yale Institute for Global Health, UNICEF and Meta developed five graphic campaigns, four in Filipino and one in English, targeting people aged 18-55 years in the Philippines in order to increase awareness of routine vaccination and routine immunization for children.

Non-communicable diseases impacting the Philippines (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and Ischemic heart disease are also on the rise, “often linked to lifestyle factors such as diet and lack of physical activity.” Furthermore, there has been a recent spike in diseases such as dengue, diphtheria and malaria.

The Government of the Philippines is reducing NCD rates by implementing a multisectoral Strategic Action Plan for NCD prevention and control (2017-2025), a Plan of Action for Nutrition (2017-2022), various tobacco control policies, tobacco and alcohol taxation, parameters for labeling pre-packaged food and the universal health care (UHC) law. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for a one-third reduction in premature mortality from NCDs by 2030; investing in NCD solutions will reduce approximately 350,000 premature deaths over the next 15 years.

Other Ongoing Efforts

  • Disease Prevention and Control: There are efforts in place to control infectious diseases, such as public health campaigns and strengthening disease surveillance systems.
  • Health Infrastructure Development: The government has invested in upgrading hospitals and health equipment, especially in rural areas.
  • Community Health Programs: Health care workers directly communicate with the public by educating them on how to avoid sickness and how to address it.
  • Mental Health Awareness and Services: There is a new focus on psychological services and promoting mental health awareness.
  • Immunization Programs: WHO is offering vaccination programs and has made progress in expanding immunization coverage to protect children from preventable diseases such as measles, polio and hepatitis.

Looking Ahead

Exploring the health challenges in the Philippines could enhance awareness and support the ongoing conversation about public health in the nation. Although the government has made notable progress in tackling public health issues, ongoing trends draw attention to a continuous requirement for collaborative actions from broader stakeholders. This could involve cultivating a global commitment to public health and fostering a united effort to address health concerns.

– Samantha J. Rentfro
Photo: Flickr

, , ,

Reducing Poverty Through Technological Development

Technological DevelopmentIn a world increasingly reliant on science and technology, lack of access is a significant concern for those living in poverty. To help develop those regions suffering from lack of development, there needs to be a greater push for education in these fields, as well as greater access to technology itself.

This is where the UN Technology Bank comes in, a global organization that is “dedicated to enhancing the contribution of science, technology and innovation for sustainable development in the world’s least developed countries.” In essence, this branch of the UN works to eradicate global poverty and inequality through technological development.

Between 1820 and 2002, the level of global inequality rose to 85%, mainly due to technological growth in certain countries. Despite the necessity of modern technology for modern economies to thrive, many developing countries need to catch up in its adoption, with a 2016 Pew survey finding only 54% of the population in 29 emerging countries could access the internet while only 37% owned a smartphone. However, now is the perfect time for developing countries to not only catch up on technological development but also get ahead on emerging sectors such as green technology, a potentially $9.5 trillion industry. Thankfully, the UN Technology Bank is here to help them achieve their goals.

The First Few Years

Headquartered in Gebze, Turkey, the organization was officially launched in 2018. However, its roots go back several years earlier. In 2011, the UN adopted the Istanbul Programme of Action for Least Developed Countries, which explicitly called for an organization to facilitate technological development in impoverished nations.

The UN laid the foundations for the organization after its leaders recognized that science and technology play a paramount role in lifting least developed countries out of poverty. In doing research for the Istanbul Programme, it found that LDCs needed “forward-looking science, technology and innovation policy frameworks to upgrade and align the skills base with market requirements,” which are vital in spurring economic development in these nations where around 30% of working people on average live below the poverty line.

The Tech Bank also aims to further the UN Sustainable Development Agenda for 2030. This set of 17 goals, adopted in 2015, serves as a blueprint for global development. Among its major aims is eliminating poverty and hunger.

During its first three years, the Tech Bank focused on building partnerships at the national and international level. In addition, it also examined the current state of science and technology in least-developed countries to determine how to establish innovation networks and begin technology transfer.

In a 2018 interview, Technology Bank Council Member Bitrina Diyamett explained why the UN is trying to help LDCs. “The bank starts from the premise that these countries are poor – to a large extent – because they lack capabilities in science, technology and innovation. Therefore, based on the UN principle of “leaving no one behind” in sustainable development, there is no other alternative to achieving the Agenda but by building such capabilities.”

The Work

Since its founding, the Technology Bank has worked on several projects and activities in least-developed countries around the globe.

With this work, it hopes to help these countries achieve several important sustainable development goals. Chief among these goals is economic self-reliance. As least-developed nations acquire new technology and the skills necessary to support it, they will then have the ability to grow their market considerably and lift people out of poverty. Other important goals include sustainable access to health technologies, sustainable industrialization, education and academic cooperation.

Once the Technology Bank decides which country to work with, it takes a four-step approach to help them achieve their goals. The first and arguably most crucial step is beginning the Technology Needs Assessment. Here, Tech Bank researchers identify essential technological development needs, understand the key challenges to that development and create an action plan to achieve greater technical capacity.

At the same time, it begins working on technology transfers. As the name implies, workers and researchers try to facilitate the transfer of essential technology to the countries in which they operate. An example of this may be the building of eco-friendly and affordable shelters or the creation of technology labs to educate young people with the skills necessary to build, operate and maintain using modern science and technology.

Finally, the Tech Bank works on the country’s policy and capacity development and forming strategic partnerships and advocacy. In this final step, the focus is on creating and advocating for national policies that support the capacity for science and technology while forming strategic partnerships with other nations and organizations.

Current Results and Future Outlook

The UN Tech Bank has assisted development in 11 different countries with ongoing projects in four more, including Bangladesh and Benin. Its ultimate goal is to utilize science and technology to help develop the 46 least developed nations.

In March 2022, Tech Bank leader Taffere Tesfachew called on all countries to help those living in the least developed ones. While thanking Turkey for its continued support for the Tech Bank, he stated he was “Hoping other countries would join, like China, also advanced countries like Germany.” And though only the future can tell how successful the Tech Bank will be, thus far, its efforts have proved fruitful, and if other countries answer the call, it is sure to achieve its mission of lifting the most vulnerable out of poverty.

– Jonathon Crecelius
Photo: Flickr

The Women’s Reservation Bill: A Step Toward Gender Equality in India

Gender Equality in IndiaWhile gender inequality is detrimental to every gender, it is typically women and girls in particular who are the most disadvantaged. With the introduction of the Women’s Reservation Bill, women in India are receiving an opportunity to have greater representation in parliament. This bill, which has now become law, shows positive signs of significantly strengthening gender equality in India.

Everyday Life in India

As of June 2023, India held the title of the world’s most populous country, boasting approximately 1.4 billion people. Following its independence from the British Empire in 1947, India has emerged as one of the globe’s fastest-growing economies. This economic surge has facilitated significant strides in reducing poverty over recent decades. Notably, from 2011 to 2019, the number of citizens grappling with extreme poverty was cut in half. While the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges, India remains on the trajectory of progress.

Similar to poverty, progress toward gender equality in India is visible with the country climbing eight places in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report of 2023. However, overall, in terms of gender equality, India ranks 127th out of 146 countries.

Gender Equality in India

Gender inequality is a widespread issue, not confined to India but prevalent in communities worldwide. It’s a global problem that shares ties with poverty. The United Nations (U.N.) recognized this, making gender equality one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. These goals aim to “end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.” The challenge of gender inequality is a shared concern that demands collective efforts for a more equitable and sustainable future.

Achieving gender equality in India is a significant challenge that starts affecting individuals from birth. Unfortunately, India stands out as the only country where girls face a lower chance of survival at birth and encounter developmental disparities in childhood. To sustain its progress, it appears India needs to empower individuals of all genders, ensuring equal opportunities for prosperity. This inclusive approach is crucial for fostering a more equitable and progressive society.

Women’s Reservation Bill

In late September 2023, Indian legislators overwhelmingly approved the Women’s Reservation Bill with minimal dissent in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, the lower and upper houses of the Indian Parliament, respectively. The bill advocates for a minimum of 33% representation of women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative assemblies. If implemented, this would mark an approximate 10% increase in the current representation of women in the Lok Sabha.

The President of India, Droupadi Murmu, the second female president of India, has assented to the Women’s Reservation Bill. As such the bill has become law and shall be in place for a minimum of 15 years. The enactment of this law not only ensures that the women of today are given a voice and the opportunity to be empowered leaders in their own day-to-day lives but also ensures that future women maintain that same right. However, there is still further progress to be made with the bill only being effective in the Lok Sabha, the lower parliamentary house.

The Ripple Effect

India is not alone in taking this step toward gender equality, with 64 other countries also implementing similar legislation, one such country being Rwanda. In 2003, Rwanda included in its constitution an allocation of 30% of elected positions for women in parliament. Currently, this has evolved into women occupying 64% of all parliamentary seats and Rwanda emerging as a leading force in gender equality. Such quotas significantly empower women.

What’s Next?

Addressing gender equality is crucial for India’s overall progress. The recent passage of the bill marks a significant step forward. Similar to the positive changes observed in Rwanda, this move is expected to catalyze further strides toward gender equality in India. Without tackling these issues, the nation risks reaching a progression plateau. The bill’s enactment signals a commitment to fostering an environment where everyone, regardless of gender, can thrive.

– Holly Coop
Photo: Unsplash

Extreme Flooding in China Forcibly Removes Thousands

Flooding in ChinaExtreme flooding in China on Sunday the second, caused many deaths and missing persons. AP news reported at least 15 people dead on June 5 and 4 missing people in Chongqing. Nearly all of the 31 people occupying that region are at risk of flooding. The Xinhua News Agency announced 85,000 evacuated the province of Sichuan.

Flooding Risks

China’s rates of natural disasters, such as flooding, are at risk of increasing because of economic growth and urbanization.

According to the Global Facility of Natural Disaster, two-thirds of Chinese territory is at risk of flooding. This is not a new tragedy for China, in 1998, flooding killed 4,150 people and damaged 6.85 million houses.

An article by the Los Angeles Times stated that China’s over-reliance on dams and its extreme urbanization in low-lying cities create drainage problems, making it extremely easy for floods to occur.

“The subtropical high-pressure system over the western North Pacific was strong this year,” said Song Lianchun, a meteorologist with the National Climate Centre in a South China Morning Post article. “Its intersection with cold air has led to continuous heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River basin.”

The heavy rainfall mixed with the heavily drenched soil makes extreme flooding in China very prevalent, according to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR).

Affected Regions

In regions with poor hygiene, many lower-income areas have a higher risk of obtaining communicable diseases from flooding. The diseases include, but are not limited to leptospirosis, hepatitis and gastrointestinal disease.

Those diseases arise because feces, toxic waste, sewage and chemicals often contaminate the flood water. Affected communities do not have the money or resources to combat the illnesses the extreme flooding in China has exposed them to.

After extreme flooding in China in 2020, Iowa State University performed a study on crop price and production. The researchers found that 4.3% of summer crop failure was due to flooding, which resulted in an increase in both meat and vegetable prices.

The affected and displaced communities are already struggling to find and rebuild housing, which, coupled with rising food prices, creates challenging living conditions.

According to a 2020 CNN article, Analysts at the Chinese brokerage firm in Shenwan Hongyuan said that China could lose 11.2 million tons worth of food because of the severe damage done to croplands. Food security is a rising concern in lower-income areas after such an extreme natural disaster.

Assistance from China and the International Community

President of China, Xi Jinping, is trying to ensure the people’s safety as the top priority of all authorities. As a result of this recent catastrophe, the president commanded that State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters improve their warnings and coordination efforts.

To assist the regions of Sichuan and Chongqing, China’s natural disaster relief fund donated 320 million yuan, or about $44.46 million. About 250 million yuan will help control flooding and disaster relief efforts, stated a China SCIO press release on July 6.

After great property and land loss, China is working on improving the safety of its citizens, as well as the health and resilience of its crops.

– Alex Hasenkamp
Photo: Flickr

,

The Silent Health Issue: Period Poverty in Panama 

Period Poverty in PanamaPeriod poverty is an overlooked global health issue that directly interrelates with global poverty. Worldwide, 500 million girls lack menstrual products and/or proper sanitary conditions. With 2.2 million women in Panama, period poverty in Panama is a real threat to the nation’s national health.

Four key indicators monitor a country’s menstrual health:

  1. Awareness and education. Girls who are unprepared for their menstrual cycles are more likely to feel a sense of shame and social isolation.
  2. Regular access to menstrual products. Tampons, pads and cups are crucial for women’s health. Without access to these products, many women and girls resort to unsanitary practices, which result in dangerous health issues.
  3. A sanitary space for females to change and dispose of their products, which helps them avoid shame and maintain proper menstrual hygiene.
  4. The ability to continue with education and other important social/cultural activities despite menstruating, which is crucial to women’s well-being.

When assessing Panama’s limited data regarding menstrual health through the lens of these four indicators, the results are disappointing. Kelly Hernandez, a Panamanian advocate for ending period poverty, estimates that more than 150,000 Panamanian girls do not meet these four indicators.

The Enemy? Poverty.

Panama’s overall poverty is continuing to exacerbate these health issues, particularly in rural and indigenous communities. In 2019, the poverty rate was only $6.85 a day in 2017 PPP and primarily impacted indigenous communities such as Ngäbe-Buglé. Children and adolescents are also primary victims of the enemy of poverty, with an estimated 32.8% living in poverty, 25% of which live on Indigenous land.

In a world of increasing natural disasters and pandemics, the instability of equitable health care only gets worse. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was quoted that “women have to choose between buying a pound of rice or a pack of feminine sanitary pads.”

Days for Girls in Panama

Ending poverty in Panama is not simple; there needs to be major changes in education, governance, distribution and more. While these facts and figures may seem overwhelming, one can begin to help put a stop to period poverty in Panama.

The aforementioned Kelly Hernandez is a women’s health ambassador for an organization called Days for Girls. Days for Girls is a global nonprofit that seeks to “eliminate the stigma and limitations associated with menstruation so that women and girls have improved health, education and livelihoods.” Its work spans 145 countries where it introduces and donates reusable and sanitary pads, provides health education services, and encourages local leadership and community programs. The organization also advocates for better policy and health research. Because Days for Girls is a nonprofit, it depends on donor support for money and supplies. Evidently, Days for Girls is not a permanent solution, but it is a promising start.

Endeavors for a Bright Future

While there is no overnight solution to combating period poverty in Panama, one can help make a difference by learning more about powerful organizations like Days for Girls, as well as educating oneself and others and staying updated with the latest developments. By sharing information, we can encourage others to learn more about powerful NGOs like Days for Girls and help boost their outreach. 

Poverty is the number one enemy of Panama, but to go to war with poverty, humans need to first examine who is primarily being affected and how poverty is being inflicted on the 4.4 million Panamanians who call it home. Women and girls in Panama struggle to gain and maintain access to quality health care. This lack of necessary care exacerbated other existing issues relating to poverty, such as discrimination toward Indigenous people and a decline in school attendance. Period poverty in Panama is deserving of global attention. Regardless of one’s identity or background, everyone deserves basic human rights, including access to menstrual products and sanitary services. 

– Piper Jenkins
Photo: Flickr

, ,

How Women’s Pavilion is Fighting for Gender Equality

Gender EqualityWomen’s Pavilion is a community exhibition in Expo City, Dubai, which aims to showcase women’s contributions to humanity, particularly those who have not received the recognition that they deserve already. This ranges from the work of women who are incredibly well-known to the completely anonymous. The exhibition includes different floors with each one describing the heroic and selfless actions of women with accompanying photos and memorabilia. In this way, Women’s Pavilion is fighting for gender equality.

Visiting Women’s Pavilion

Even if it is not possible for one to physically visit the display, the website offers a virtual 360° tour of the showcase that allows people to witness the amazing displays from their own home. The exhibit includes photos and accompanying explanations ranging from Frida Kahlo to Kathy Matsui, a partner in MPower.

The opening of Women’s Pavilion’s exhibit portrays how women have been underrepresented. With this being the first section of the Pavilion, it highlights the fact that gender inequality does not start at a specific age, and even children will experience prejudice from a school age. 

The Aims of Women’s Pavilion

The main and most evident aim of Women’s Pavilion is to encourage young women to break down the barriers that are pre-existing stereotypes and allow them to live carelessly as their authentic selves. It also aims to deconstruct any misconceptions when it comes to women’s roles; both in a small community or a wider society including household duties and careers. However, Women’s Pavilion also acknowledges the men who have helped to make sure that these women are finally getting the recognition that they deserve as a thank you for using their privilege in order to share the deserved spotlight with the women they worked alongside. 

This is not the first time that Dubai has been vocal in its fight for women’s rights and gender equality. Women’s Pavilion shares stories of many women from Arab countries and Islam who have fought to make the world a cleaner and better place.

Highlighting Gender-Related Poverty

In the display, there is a moving excerpt that consists of a wall filled completely with women’s shoes. At first glance, it may simply look like a wall of shoes, but after looking closer, they will learn that despite the 75% decrease in poverty, more women live in poverty compared to men. This highlights the fact that although conditions are improving immensely, there are still improvements that need to occur to promote gender equality. 

There is also a moving dedication to applaud the women who played important parts throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, which again showcases the work of women whose selfless acts are going unnoticed. 

Women’s Pavilion is a perfect representation of all of the women throughout history who have gone completely unacknowledged for their skills or contributions to society. From world-famous artists to teachers and behind-the-scenes programmers, Women’s Pavilion appreciates and applauds every woman. 

– Ella Bushell
Photo: Flickr

How Water Security Improves Gender Equality

Water Security Improves Gender Equality
The burden of collecting and transporting water predominantly falls to female household members in cultures across the world. This costs hours each day, requiring many girls to skip school in order to keep up with the demand. On top of the costs to girls’ education, carrying the weight of water each day can cause life-long health problems. Water sources themselves, which include rivers and holes in the ground, threatens women and girls’ lives. The journey to and from sources of water can also be dangerous, putting women and girls at risk of harassment and sexual assault. Globally, women spend 200 million hours a day collecting water. Establishing water security improves gender equality for health, resources and safety.

WaterAid

By installing water pumps and wells in rural communities, organizations like WaterAid allow girls more time at school. In this instance, water security improves gender equality in education. Tsehaynesh is just one of the thousands whose lives have changed through reliable access to water. Her responsibility of collecting water from a spring for her family used to mean that she was often late for school. Since the installation of three pumps in her village of Derekwa in Ethiopia, the 15-year-old can attend school and she is working toward her dream of becoming a nurse.

Currently, a woman gives birth every two seconds without safe water, a toilet or hygienic equipment. Clean water and sanitation are vital in maternity centers, allowing women to experience secure and dignified childbirth. Doctors, midwives and mothers practicing good hygiene reduce the risk of infection, birth complications and maternal and infantile death.

How Sanitation Access Can Help

Providing access to sanitation also protects women’s safety and dignity. In areas without toilets, men, women and children must go outside, with women often waiting until it gets dark for privacy. This puts them at a greater risk of violence and rape, as well as long-term bladder problems.

For girls on their periods, poor hygiene and no decent toilets make school much harder. This is so much so that many girls stay home for days at a time each month, missing out on valuable education. In many cultures, periods are still a stigmatized topic, preventing girls from accessing the help they need. Fitting toilets and taps in schools, educating teachers about their female students’ needs, and including men and boys in conversations about menstrual hygiene can all help girls to access education while on their periods.

How Water Security Improves Gender Equality

The UN has emphasized the link between changing weather patterns and water insecurity as extreme weather events, floods, drought and tropical storms become more frequent and intense. Limited rainfall, damaged pipes and contaminated water impact already vulnerable communities the most. This includes people in rural areas, low-income households, children and women. Through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and nonprofits such as WaterAid, projects can help improve the status and development of women through access to water. Women included in leadership can make decisions that benefit all.

– Lydia Greene
Photo: Flickr

,

Desalination in Djibouti Doubles

Desalination in DjiboutiDjibouti is making moves for its water security after recently securing investment to expand its Doraleh Desalination Plant which will double its output capacity. The investment which was announced last month, comes in the form of a long-term (25-year) European Investment Bank (EIB) loan of €79 million. The project looks promising with the EIB claiming the development will “transform” water security for the nation’s capital.

Background

Djibouti is a country with an unforgiving climate with very little average annual rainfall and no running rivers or lakes. This formerly meant an enormous reliance on groundwater extraction for the country’s inhabitants. Moreover, due to frequent droughts in the Horn of Africa, groundwater reserves quite often dry up and cause significant water stresses. 

Since 2017, the Horn of Africa as a whole has been suffering from drought aggravated by climate change, which has depleted water and food supplies for the likes of Somalia and Kenya. However, it is worth noting researchers emphasize the widespread suffering caused by the drought cannot be exclusively attributed to climate change but also a fundamental lack of preparedness and resilience. Such facts put into perspective the importance of investment in water infrastructure and not purely towards climate change reversal.

In 2017, the Ethiopia-Djibouti Transboundary Project was announced which as the name suggests is a pipeline transporting groundwater from neighboring Ethiopia, the collaboration would provide water for 750,000 people in Djibouti. While experts hail the importance of groundwater as “significant in climate adaptation and resilience-building” such sources are also prone to depletion during periods of drought; an undesirable characteristic for a country like Djibouti. 

The initial construction of the Doraleh Desalination plant in 2021 was a major milestone in improving water security. Aside from its output of 22,500 cubic meters, enough to provide for 250,000 people, with seawater being the source, it allowed a major level of decoupling from unreliable groundwater reserves. The project was part of the Djibouti government’s development strategy, “Vision Djibouti 2035” and was heavily funded by the European Union (EU).

Recent Expansion

Last month’s EIB loan was a continuation of EU support as part of the Global Gateways Investment Package. The investment package has wide and ambitious aims, including “accelerating sustainable growth and decent job creation,” aims that experts believe a strong water supply system can act as drivers for. The EIB has also invested in a desalination plant in Jordan and fast internet connections in remote areas of the Congo and Uganda among other things.

The plant’s expansion also includes the construction of a 12 MW solar plant to power the desalination facility. On top of the eco-friendly aspect of this, it also provides reduced power dependence. Particularly, advantageous considering that Djibouti suffers from an intermittent power supply and sources the majority of its electricity from Ethiopia.

Final Thoughts

The summation of the plant’s output which after the expansion is claimed to provide water for 550,000 people along with the Ethiopia-Djibouti Transboundary Project which was designed to cater to 750,000 will substantially increase water security given Djibouti’s population of just over a million. Jutta Urpilainen, European Commissioner For International Partnerships celebrates the expansion saying, “Today’s project will become a model for best practices in water management across the region.” 

– Sabique Sadique
Photo: Flickr