Archive for category: Developing Countries

Information and stories about developing countries.

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Social Change and Public Displays: Durga Puja Pandals of India

Durga Puja Pandals of India
In India, the month of October brings festivities and celebrations to each part of the country. In a nation full of people belonging to diverse religions and cultures, one witnesses the coming together of lights, colors and veneration with every festive season. One such festival celebrated in India is the nine-day-long Durga Puja, a worship of the nine avatars of the goddess, one on each day. Durga Puja pandals in India is paving the way for a fresh channel of social transformation.

Durga Puja for Social Purposes

Majorly celebrated in Eastern India, in the state of Bengal, Durga Puja has slowly permeated into being celebrated all over the country, complementing the migration of people to different states. On the other hand, the biggest celebration is still restricted to the state of West Bengal and its capital, Kolkata. Makeshift pavilions, known as pandals, are set up and decorated around the city with idols of the goddess being placed in them for worshipping. These huge spectacles of creativity are a magnificent sight to behold and the bright lights and traditional drum music only add to their imagery of grandeur. More often than not, the pandals are created around a specific theme that changes from year to year and pandal to pandal, becoming a way to make social statements in recent years.

In an interview with The Borgen Project, Priyanka Mukherjee, who recently visited Kolkata, India, during the festive season said “I think Durga Puja pandals in Kolkata have been a means to make a statement through art in the society, over the years. There was a pandal this year on the theme of menstruation with depictions of the uterus system and with the interior of the pandal showcasing the entire process. Apart from that, over the years, some pandals have taken ‘Sindoor Khela’ –a ritual only restricted to married women– to widows, pandals on the theme of child malnourishment, premature children, acid attack survivors and even pandals talking about mental health issues.” One of the pandals that gained popularity due to its theme was the one at Kashi Bose Lane, focusing on the theme of child trafficking and sexual abuse.

Child Trafficking in India

According to the 2023 Trafficking in Persons report, traffickers often target those who belong to the most disadvantaged groups, such as tribals and the poor. Nearly 8 million people are trapped in human trafficking in India as per an article published by the Exodus Report in 2022.

“Trafficking has become a terrifying shadow throughout the world as an organized crime. We wonder if children of all ages will ever be able to return to society after being auctioned off and sold into child labor, begging or sexual exploitation,” said Somen Dutta, general secretary of the pandal, in conversation with Kolkata Tales.

In the intersection of poverty and gender, the threat becomes much worse. According to the data by the National Crime Records Bureau of India in 2022, out of the 2,189 cases of human trafficking filed with 6,533 victims involved, 4,062, that is more than half, were female. Thus, it becomes more important than ever to address the issue of human trafficking in India. With the end goal being better policy and implementation, the first step needs to be to create awareness within the general public.

An Avenue for Awareness and Inspiring Change

This is where such public displays with a social message come in. Themed pandals have increasingly transformed into a platform for the artists of India to send a bold message to society. The pandal at Kashi Bose Lane, with its bright colors and intricate work, was imprinted in the mind and heart of every onlooker–inspiring them to think, if not take action, on the issue that plagues millions.

In an interview with The Borgen Project, Prerana Paul, who visited the pandal at Kashi Bose Lane this year, mused, “Something that stayed with me? Well, in the pandal there were models of girls in cages and swings–a depiction of their inability to move even though they wanted to, suggesting the experience and feeling that those who are trafficked go through.”

In his book “Brain Rules,”  John Medina says that (three days later) humans only remember 10% of what they hear but will remember 65% of information if they consume it visually. This means that such extravagant public displays, which talk about the things that matter and issues that might usually be ignored, go a long way in impacting people’s minds and thinking.

Thus, these Durga Puja pandals in India become an inspiration for the art world, opening up a whole new avenue for social change. After all, when art speaks, people listen.

– Manasvi Kadian
Photo: Flickr

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Thailand’s Increased Minimum Wage Will Help Alleviate Poverty

Thailands minimum wage.
Thailand recently announced plans to increase its daily minimum wage. This proactive measure will benefit millions of workers across multiple industries, reducing income inequality and promoting economic growth. Thailand’s increased minimum wage is vital to aiding economic recovery from the financial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Increase

On December 8, 2023, a committee of representatives, labor unions and employers met, unanimously agreed on and announced Thailand’s increased minimum wage. The daily pay is expected to rise by 2.37%, making the new minimum wage 330 to 370 baht per day — roughly $9.33 to $10.38. The exact numbers will vary depending on the specific region, according to the Ministry of Labor. Government officials say this increase will begin on January 1, 2024, with another increase to 400 baht per day expected by the end of 2024. This promise of the ruling Pheu Thai Party is creating a bright future for the country.

Thailand’s Workforce

Thai workers have faced numerous challenges in the past years. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered widespread job losses, especially in sectors reliant on international tourism. Unfortunately, the Thai economy and workforce have still not recovered from the impacts of the pandemic. 

Reports from the World Bank show that the overall labor force participation rate is expected to decrease by 5%, or 14.4 million people, by 2060. Additionally, employees endure reduced working hours, inadequate job security and labor rights issues. These struggles, accompanied by an increasing cost of living, intensify the burden on households and reduce the quality of life for Thai workers.

Thailand’s increased minimum wage will help combat these struggles and support workers by providing increased financial stability and access to resources.

The Impact on Poverty Rates

Thailand grapples with persistent poverty, primarily due to drought and extreme weather. Though Thailand reduced its poverty rate from 58% in 1990 to 6.8% in 2020, 79% of those living in poverty work in the agriculture sector. Studies found that almost 40% of Thai farmers live below the national poverty line. The Equitable Education Fund estimates that 1.8 million Thai students come from extremely low-income families which earn just 34 baht, or $0.95, per day.

By elevating the minimum wage for the nation’s workforce, Thailand’s government is raising living standards for millions. A higher minimum wage will improve access to basic needs, such as health care, education and housing. Additionally, the increase will stimulate consumer spending, resulting in a boost to the economy. These factors may help break the cycle of intergenerational poverty, creating a promising future for the country. 

Conclusion

As Thailand strives to lift its citizens out of poverty, the increased minimum wage stands as a pivotal point in fostering a sustainable future for the country. Thailand’s increased minimum wage is the key to countering worsening economic conditions and poverty rates.

– Trisha Borde
Photo: Flickr

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Community-Based Mental Health Care in Developing Countries

Community-Based Mental Health CareMental health care is a fundamental human right that significantly impacts our ability to work, connect with others and lead fulfilling lives. Despite its importance, mental health care in developing countries often remains a marginalized aspect of the global health agenda. Nearly 1 billion people globally endure a mental disorder. This global statistic, however, reveals an unequal distribution of mental health care. Seven out of every 10 individuals with psychosis receive treatment in high-income countries, while only 12% receive care in low-income countries.

While one might attribute this disparity to the shortage of mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists, according to a 2017 OECD report, low-income countries (with only two per 100,000 people), compared to the United States, where there are 45,000 psychiatrists for 340 million people, addressing this issue necessitates looking beyond the numbers. The solution may not solely lie in increasing the number of psychiatrists but in transitioning from Westernized institutional mental health treatments to robust community-based systems that offer culturally relevant care in regions where mental health remains stigmatized.

The Global Mental Health Crises

Low-income countries bear a disproportionate burden of the global mental health crises, accounting for 80% of the mental disease burden. However, the prevalence of stigma within low-and middle-income countries often acts as a significant barrier to seeking help. While the reasons for stigmatization may vary across communities, the universal presence of stigma remains evident. The World Mental Health Survey Initiative conducted in 16 countries spanning the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the South Pacific reported 22.1% of participants from developing countries experienced shame and embarrassment due to a mental illness. Moreover, 63% of Africans viewed depression as a “personal weakness.” These statistics underscore the importance of addressing mental health through a culturally specific lens. 

What is Community-Based Care? 

Community-based mental health care represents a holistic approach to providing services and support rooted in the communities where individuals live. This approach recognizes developing countries’ unique challenges and needs, including limited resources, infrastructure, trained mental health professionals and cultural differences. Mental health care in developing countries has challenges as it is often perceived as a sign of weakness, danger, or having supernatural origins. Westernized approaches to mental health can unintentionally be harmful. 

To bridge this gap, presenting mental health care services in a culturally sensitive way is crucial. Community-based mental health care is a system that delivers mental health services through community health care workers (CHWs), individuals within the community with limited training but specific expertise in particular treatment areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) has played a prominent role in advocating for developing community-led mental health services globally.

The Role of Community-Based Care in Low-Income Countries 

CHWs play an essential role within the framework of community-based care. These individuals, typically members of the community they serve, are familiar with the local cultural stigmas and norms – bridging the gap between institutional health care and underserved populations. CHWs provide essential services to patients with less severe mental health needs, such as basic therapy and house-to-house medication distribution. At the same time, medically trained professionals can focus on patients with more acute symptoms. 

Examples of Community-Based Mental Health Care: StrongMinds Success Stories

Founded in 2013, StrongMinds is a social enterprise dedicated to treating depression among low-income women and children through group interpersonal therapy facilitated by CHWs. StrongMinds originated in Kampala, Uganda, and currently operates in four districts of Uganda. The organization is one of the few organizations addressing depression in Africa – a leading cause of disability among women in Africa. StrongMinds leverage unity over individualism. Over eight weeks, women come together to share their experiences of mental health issues, ultimately empowering each other and building a supportive community.

Through peer-to-peer therapy, public education, CHWs and global partnerships, Strongminds has provided group talk therapy to 260,000 women and children in Uganda and Zambia. About 80% of clients remain depression-free six months post-treatment. Recovery from depression not only benefits individual women but has a ripple effect on their communities and families. Women who received treatment reported a 16% increase in economic activity and a 30% increase in regularly sending their children to school.

Call to Action

Organizations such as StrongMinds show the potential of community-based programs in creating locally-led initiatives equipped to address their community’s unique mental health needs. Mental health is subjective, and there is no silver bullet to address these complex issues. The essential starting points are initiating community dialogue, nurturing relationships and providing support and resources. Community-based care can effectively facilitate mental health care in developing countries.

– Bella Oliver-Steinberg
Photo: Flickr

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3D-Printed Prosthetic Limbs in Cambodia

3D-Printed Prosthetic Limbs in Cambodia
Cambodia is one of the most heavily mined nations due to conflicts between the 1970s and 1990s. It has the highest proportion of landmine survivors, with more than 9,000 people in need of artificial limbs.

The landscape of disability is evolving with an increase in cases resulting from traffic accidents, workplace incidents and diseases related to changing lifestyles, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular conditions.

The demand for prosthetics in Cambodia is profound, with an estimated 1.6 million people living with disabilities and little access to assistive devices, leaving individuals trapped in a lifelong cycle of poverty.

3D-printed prosthetic limbs in Cambodia have emerged as a revolutionary solution for amputees in the most disadvantaged and marginalized populations.

The Solution

The loss of limbs presents significant challenges for individuals. Traditional solutions like wheelchairs are impractical due to poor road conditions in Cambodia. Thus, the absence of prosthetic limbs leaves individuals unable to participate fully in areas such as education, work, community endeavors and daily life activities. As such, the lack of access to affordable prosthetic limbs deepens poverty, especially in a country with a poverty rate that already stood at around 18% in 2019/2020, according to the World Bank.

Cutting-edge 3D-printing technology has transformed the medical field making prostheses as accessible and useful as possible. It offers a rapid and cost-efficient creation of custom prosthetics. For example, one traditional below-the-knee prosthetic can cost from $1,200 to $5,000 and take up to three weeks to make.

However, 3D-printed prosthetics can cost as little as $50 in comparison and can be produced in a day. Therefore, enabling Cambodia to obtain inexpensive prosthetics helps overcome challenges that traditional prosthetic production in this developing nation once faced.

Exceed Worldwide

Exceed is a British charity established in 1989 at Cambodia’s government’s request to assist landmine survivors across five Asian countries. Its mission centers on training individuals free of charge in the art of providing prosthetics and orthotics with a focus on improving the lives of those in need.

For those individuals who can afford it, profits from paid services go towards funding free programs for the most disadvantaged who cannot afford it. The charity thus enables access to prosthetics and orthotics, and allows individuals with lower limb disabilities to experience acceptance and confidence and finally break free from a lifelong cycle of poverty.

Exceed Worldwide Partnerships

Exceed embarked on a transformative journey in 2017 by initiating a seven-month trial in Cambodia in collaboration with a Canadian nonprofit organization, Nia Technologies. It originated in 2015 with a specific focus on orthopedic clinics in resource-poor countries to help clinicians make prosthetics faster and more affordable than traditional methods. This system is designed to align with the existing International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) polypropylene technology to manufacture prosthetic devices. Polypropylene is traditionally chosen in developing nations, as it is cheap, requires few materials in the manufacturing process thus is easy to process and versatile.

This ground-breaking aspect of 3D scanning and printing technology in Cambodia generates digital replicas of limbs in a mere half-hour, avoiding the mess associated with traditional methods. The trial, which involved 60 Cambodian children, employed a technology called “3D Print Ability.” It uses a sophisticated integration of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), scanning, modeling and printing. This process reduces the production of below-the-knee sockets and leg braces to just three days.

Its success in the trial has highlighted the potential for global implementation in Exceed centers worldwide, promising individuals in resource-poor countries more access to devices to help them walk.

Victoria Hand Project

The Victoria Hand Project is a Canadian prosthetics NGO, transforming lives through 3D printing in Cambodia to craft personalized prosthetic hands, revolutionizing the entire prosthetic process for increased efficiency and affordability. The project establishes clinics and equips 3D printers to local communities. This initiative empowers and trains individuals. It offers comprehensive training on printer usage, prosthetic assembly and software utilization.

In 2016, the project forged a significant partnership with ARC Hub PNH, Cambodia’s pioneering 3D printing firm founded in 2013, and the Siem Reap Physical Rehabilitation Centre. Together, these collaborative efforts have resulted in the successful fitting of functional prosthetic hands on upper-limb amputees costing $300 and taking around 40 hours to print.

In 2019, alone around 25 amputees have benefited from Victoria Hand Project’s prosthesis systems. This represents a tangible step toward empowerment and highlights the project’s commitment to making a meaningful difference to Cambodian victims of landmine explosions.

Future Revolution

The adoption of 3D-printed prosthetic limbs in Cambodia marks a ground-breaking advancement in both medical innovation and humanitarian assistance. Key charities have played pivotal roles in transforming the lives of amputees in Cambodia. These initiatives have efficiently addressed the urgent needs of amputees while promoting self-sufficiency and empowerment within local communities.

This collaborative approach, uniting international organizations, local partners and innovative technologies, has made a significant social impact in Cambodia. The success of these efforts highlights the transformative potential of technology in healthcare for developing nations while also demonstrating the power of collaboration and innovation in addressing complex societal challenges.

These initiatives serve as inspiring examples of how advanced technology is reshaping Cambodia’s narrative. It brings positive change and improves the quality of life for people with disabilities while reducing their risk of falling into poverty as it allows them to engage in productive and developmental activities such as education and employment.

– Ellen Jones
Photo: Flickr

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How Access to Haircuts Empowers the Vulnerable

Access to HaircutsIn the complex landscape of socioeconomic disparities, the simple act of getting a haircut might seem inconsequential to many. However, for vulnerable populations in Brazil and beyond, access to haircuts can be a transformative tool in breaking down barriers and fostering empowerment. This article explores how initiatives providing haircuts to the vulnerable not only enhance physical well-being but also contribute to improved mental health, self-esteem and social integration. 

The Power of a Haircut

Beyond the aesthetic aspects, self-grooming practices contribute significantly to a person’s overall well-being and sense of identity. Maintaining personal hygiene and appearance can boost self-esteem, fostering a positive self-image and confidence in one’s abilities. Personal hygiene and grooming, including haircuts, can significantly impact a homeless person’s ability to secure employment. In the competitive job market, first impressions matter, and a clean, well-groomed appearance signals professionalism and self-care. 

Maintaining good personal hygiene demonstrates to potential employers that individuals value themselves and respect the workplace environment. Unfortunately, for those experiencing homelessness, access to regular grooming facilities may be limited, making it challenging to present themselves in the best light during job interviews. The lack of proper grooming can reinforce negative stereotypes and prejudices, potentially hindering their chances of employment.

Access to Haircuts and Mental Health

Homelessness often exacerbates mental health challenges, as the harsh realities of life on the streets or in unstable living conditions can lead to increased stress, anxiety and depression. The lack of a stable home environment and support systems can further impede access to mental health resources, creating a cycle that underscores the intricate relationship between homelessness and mental well-being. 

The connection between appearance and mental health is also well-documented. For vulnerable individuals, the ability to maintain personal grooming routines, including regular haircuts, can have a profound impact on mental well-being. Feeling clean and presentable contributes to a positive self-image, boosting confidence and self-esteem.

Community-Based Initiatives in Brazil

Brazil has seen the emergence of several community-based initiatives addressing the grooming needs of vulnerable populations. One such initiative is run by Henrique Campos, a local barber co-owner of The Great Barber Shop, in São Paulo, who provides free haircuts to men with scheduled job interviews. Inspired by a friend’s need for a haircut before an interview, owner Henrique Campos decided to extend the offer to others in need. To avail themselves of the service, individuals only need to email evidence of their upcoming job interview. 

Leandro Matias, a hairstylist from Votorantim, São Paulo, has also gained attention for offering free makeovers to boost the confidence of homeless individuals. He has helped over 30 homeless people by offering free makeover services. 

This includes Bruno Henrique Cassimiro Ramos, 33. Leandro, who himself has been helping homeless people for over five years, emphasizes the emotional impact of the makeovers, often bringing clients to tears with gratitude. Bruno’s dramatic transformation, shared on social media, not only led to job offers for him but also garnered support from a dentist and local residents offering clothes and donations, indicating a positive turn in his life.

Access to haircuts might seem like a small step, but for vulnerable populations in Brazil, it can have an enormously transformative impact on empowerment and social inclusion. Initiatives providing grooming services go beyond the superficial, addressing fundamental aspects of well-being and identity.

– Genevieve Martin
Photo: Flickr

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Child Poverty in Uzbekistan

Child Poverty UzbekistanUzbekistan is a ‘young’ nation. Of its 35 million people, 33% are aged zero to 17, with the average age of Uzbekistan citizens being 29. For comparison, the average for the United Kingdom is 40; China’s is 38; Brazil’s is 33. 

Access to Education

Child poverty in Uzbekistan is tied to education. Lately, Uzbekistan has made progress, but statistics showing economic growth and reductions in poverty do not change Uzbekistan’s need for educational reform. The poorest members of Uzbek society are children, and the poorest households are those with the least education. Luckily, Uzbekistan’s government and its international partners recognize this, and plans are being made for the young country’s future. 

Since Uzbekistan’s current president, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, was elected in 2016, international observers have generally agreed that the country has liberalized its economy and curtailed human rights abuses, particularly slave labor. Although progress slowed with COVID-19, steady economic growth has been met with a reciprocal reduction in poverty. It fell to 14% in 2022 from 17% in 2021 and 21% in 2019. Uzbekistan commits over 20% of its budget to social welfare and education. To compare, China spent 11% of its budget on education in 2021, as did the United Kingdom; Brazil spent 12%. 

Child poverty in Uzbekistan comes, in part, from its past as a former colony of the Soviet Union. Like other Soviet colonies, low funding and the enforcement of Russian as the primary educational language crippled education in Uzbekistan. Wanting to reverse this legacy is understandable. However, significant spending has historically been followed by corruption, inequality and inefficiency. Money is not enough.

Current Poverty Levels

As of 2023, on average, Uzbeks earn around $350 a month, with many making far less. The minimum wage is currently $82 a month. In 2019, UNICEF reported that 30% of Uzbekistan lived on incomes less than the minimum wage. More relevantly, of households headed by someone without education, 62% made less than half the average wage Most uneducated households earn less than $175 a month or a little under $6 a day. If the average household includes five people, then the household earns $1.20 per person.

The more children an uneducated household has, the poorer it will be. The poorer the household, the more likely its children will have low educational attainment. Poverty, like elsewhere, forms a vicious cycle with education. Unsurprisingly, then, children are statistically the poorest part of Uzbek society. A study made in 2021 found that classes often have 40-45 students while being designed for 25. The strain of overcrowding on teaching staff has created a system of after-school courses intended to help students ‘catch up.’ The government does not fund these, costing around $3 per lesson. If some families live on $6 a day and others $12, $14, $100, it is evident enough which families can afford these lessons and which cannot.

This is a small part of a wider problem. Ending child poverty in Uzbekistan is tied to reforming its education. Education and childcare represent a burden families cannot afford, and this poverty, in turn, leads to poorer educational outcomes: a vicious cycle. 

Government Strategy

The government of Uzbekistan recognizes this connection. President Mirziyoyev introduced the ‘Development Strategy of the New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026’ in 2022, which aims to cut the country’s poverty in half. Education and social protection for families are recognized as critical hurdles to this. As such, the strategy allocated $100 million to create free training and business courses nationwide. It also introduced an online system to allow low-income families to receive their social benefits automatically. 

Access to pre-school is to be raised from 67% to 80%; access to higher education is to be raised to 50%.

The strategy works with international partners. USAID in October announced a $40 million investment in Uzbek education, particularly toward the goal of making 51% of schools inclusive to disabled students. It’s too early to say how successful this strategy will be. Either way, the problem is recognized. 

– Frederick Lake

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

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3 Strategies In Place To Address Poverty in Nepal

Poverty in NepalIn recent years within Nepal, strategies addressing the issues of poverty and food insecurity, focussing especially on innovations in agriculture engineering and education, are witnessing significant achievements. Such innovations are the focus of this article. The Economic Survey reports that 15.1% of Nepal’s population currently lies below the poverty line and earns less than $1.90 daily. However, this represents a reduction from 30.1% in 2014 with 3.1 million people overcoming poverty. There remains a disparity in the poverty rate between urban and rural dwellers in the country. 

More than 12% of poverty in Nepal is in its urban population, remains in poverty, whereas 28% of Nepal’s rural population lies below the poverty line. According to the United Nations (U.N.), Nepal is set to transition from its current position as among the world’s least developed nations by 2026. The country benefits from certain schemes operating to mitigate the impacts of nationwide poverty, such schemes that possibly contribute to this growth in Nepal’s economic development.

Agriculture

The Nepal Economic Forum reports that the majority of Nepalese farmers continue to rely upon conventional farming methods, including the use of livestock to clear the land and livestock waste as manure for the crops. Consequently, 25% of farmland in Nepal remains uncultivated. In September 2023, the World Bank sanctioned a $20 million grant to assist the Nepalese government’s Food and Nutrition Security Enhancement Project (FANSEP).

FANSEP serves to promote climate durability and agricultural fertility across regions of Nepal. This includes those within vulnerable locations at risk from natural disasters such as Earthquakes. It also includes those struggling with food insecurity. Food insecurity continues to afflict 3.86 million people in Nepal according to surveys from 2022. FANSEP provides more efficient plant and animal genetic resources and actively assists farmers with developing their ability to master and implement improved farming practices.

The intention behind this investment is to support more than 55,000 small-holder farmers in 16 rural municipalities. Around 80% of Nepal’s households currently rely upon the agricultural sector as their main source of income. By combining enhanced productivity and nutritional practices with climate-friendly technologies, the project intends to increase income generation and the overall livelihood of workers within Nepal’s agricultural sector. Furthermore, this investment also intends to ‘‘help build the resilience of marginalized communities in food insecure and disaster-affected areas of Nepal,” according to Karishma Wasti, World Bank’s Project Task Team Leader.

Road Expansion

Sources estimate that around 80% of Nepal’s population remains working within agriculture due to substandard road infrastructure, increasing the danger of road transportation and the prices of necessities along with it. The Rural Access Programme (RAP), a U.K. government-funded aid program, operates to improve road accessibility for over 800,000 people in rural Western Nepal. It intends to reduce poverty in Nepal by 20,000. Over six years, this scheme has led to the development of 100 kilometers worth of roads across Nepal and the maintenance of roughly 2,000 kilometers of roads connecting rural communities to markets, health care and education facilities. It also employs more than 9,000 people. 

By increasing the ease of accessibility between the rural and urban areas of Nepal, the RAP hopes to increase employment opportunities and mitigate the danger of transportation for the most vulnerable portion of Nepal’s population.

Knowledge Hub

Aasaman Nepal (ASN) was established in Janakpur, Nepal in 1999 and has been devoted to promoting and preserving children’s rights in Nepal within 17 districts. In 2022, the Knowledge Hub for Uplifting Socio-economically Marginalized Children and Families through Actions in Education and Economic Empowerment (KHUSEE) in the Bara District arose through charity. The basis of this project is to provide standard education and, by extension, access to career opportunities. This project is scheduled to last for a period of three years from 2022-2025.

Thus far, the progress made by this project includes identifying impoverished, alienated households within the Bara District for income-generating opportunities. The project places such households into groups and provides them with support concerning vegetable farming, including production input and irrigation support. These accomplishments took place within the previous year.

The project receives funding from partners such as Save The Children International. It also maintains and works towards outcomes including improved education, consistent learning opportunities for children from neglected families and improved governance. The KHUSEE program aims to elevate the lives of all children from poorer families across the municipalities of Karaiya Mai, Devtal and Mahagadhimai, all within the Bara district of Nepal.

Overview

By targeting different elements of Nepal’s infrastructure, these strategies seek to incorporate both technological innovations and increased investment towards poorer communities for the sake of creating a better, long-lasting future for those struggling with poverty.

– Thomas Perry
Photo: Flickr

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Reggaeton’s Global Impact Empowering Latin America

More Than Music: Reggaeton's Global Impact Empowering Latin AmericaIn a world increasingly interconnected by media, few genres have reshaped the cultural and economic landscape as dynamically as reggaeton’s global impact on music. At the forefront stands Bad Bunny, a Puerto Rican artist who rose from bagging groceries in 2016 to becoming the second-most streamed artist globally in 2023. His journey mirrors the genre’s significant influence on societies, particularly in Latin America. Beyond musical rhythms, reggaeton has become a catalyst for economic growth and an amplifier for social change in the region.

Economic Impact

The surge of reggaeton, Latin rap, Latin trap, or música urbana, has elevated Latin music to unparalleled financial heights. Latin music revenue in the U.S. soared to $1.1 billion in 2022, with a remarkable 24% annual increase, outpacing other markets. Major labels and artists are bridging language barriers to engage global audiences, reflecting the genre’s booming popularity. Streaming revenues, accounting for 97% of Latin music earnings, showcase the genre’s dominance, fueled significantly by Bad Bunny’s chart-topping albums. The importance of this revenue lies outside of the United States, where artists and fans in Latin America are fueling economic growth.

Reggaeton has generated a higher demand for popular live experiences in Latin America. Festivals like Estereo Picnic in Bogota and Lollapalooza in Argentina and Chile have seen surging attendance due to these popular artists and the genre’s appeal, turning Latin American countries into exporters of musical talent and generating substantial revenue within these economies.

Social Impact

Beyond economic effectiveness, reggaeton has emerged as a powerful social platform, shedding light on pressing issues. Bad Bunny’s music video for “El Apagón” didn’t merely entertain but served as a voice for Puerto Ricans amid crises like Hurricane Fiona. The video highlighted long-standing injustices, resonating deeply with audiences. Many even became aware of these issues in Puerto Rico thanks to Bad Bunny’s platform.

Notably, artists like Bad Bunny have used their influence to address socio-political matters. When Bad Bunny confronted hate speech from political figures, his stance echoed across continents, demonstrating reggaeton’s global impact. The capacity for stars to leverage their platforms to address millions regarding injustices across governments, within developing nations, or in their home countries, elevates these issues onto a global stage, holding immense significance in raising awareness, mobilizing action and potentially mitigating the effects. 

Global Revolution

Reggaeton’s rise signals a shift in global music dynamics. Artists like J Balvin have paved the way for Spanish-singing artists to resonate internationally without compromising their cultural identity. Balvin’s unprecedented success on streaming platforms showcases the growing acceptance and integration of Latin American music into mainstream culture, without having to adapt to English-speaking audiences.

This global recognition isn’t limited to music alone. Influential figures such as Colombian reggaeton artist J Balvin or Spain’s innovative flamenco fusion singer Rosalía serve as prime examples. Their impact goes beyond music; they’re influencing young people daily on social media, boasting millions of followers. For instance, the cover of the Rolling Stone magazine dedicated to Bad Bunny and J Balvin in June highlighted not just their musical prowess, but also their influence as cultural icons. 

This global recognition isn’t limited to music alone. Investment in Latin American creators across various media, including television, has soared. “Money Heist,” a Spanish series, has become Netflix’s most-watched non-English show, captivating audiences across Argentina, Brazil,and Chile, signifying the expanding influence of Latin American narratives beyond music.

Again, supporting Latin American creators, and Spanish media, is stimulating investment in these markets, increasing the economy and exports.

Future Facing

Reggaeton’s global impact, beyond its contagious beats, represents a shift in global culture and commerce. From empowering Latin American economies to amplifying voices on social issues, the genre and its artists serve as catalysts for change. The journey from bagging groceries to topping global charts isn’t just Bad Bunny’s story; it’s a testament to the genre’s transformative power, paving the way for a more inclusive global cultural landscape.

In essence, the global embrace of reggaeton’s global impact isn’t just a musical phenomenon; it’s a revolution, shaping economies, fostering unity and amplifying voices for change in Latin America and beyond. This outlook emphasizes reggaeton’s global impact on cultural shifts and societal change.

– Kailey Schwinghammer
Photo: Flickr

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Updates on SDG 15 in Rwanda

Updates on SDG 15 in Rwanda Are Increasing Community and Wildlife Welfare Rwanda is in the process of healing the deep scars that genocide, a lacking international response and associated conflict has left in their wake. As a country, it is making significant strides toward higher levels of equity and poverty reduction. To tackle these major issues, emphasis has been placed on addressing the drivers of suffering, namely the protection of natural resources, support of industry and food security. Updates on SDG 15 in Rwanda, which encourages the protection, restoration and management of the species and habitats in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, have been key to contributing to Rwandan welfare. 

What Are the SDG 15 Activities Taking Place in Rwanda?

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) and the United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UNHSP) have partnered with several on-the-ground partners like the Rwanda Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, African Development Bank and Rwanda Environment Management Authority to implement initiatives that support SDG 15 across the country.

Several of these initiatives began in 2018 and ended this year, making it an ideal time to reflect on the updates on SDG 15 in Rwanda. These activities have supported scientific studies and enhanced natural resource sustainability and community resilience. They have also undertaken ecosystem restoration and reduced poverty. 

The National Strategy for Transformation (NST) is a program that will run from 2017–2024, working toward the first targets in the country’s Vision 2050 plan. It focuses on poverty alleviation through economic and social transformation and transformation of governance. Activities like the multi-sectoral Green Growth and Climate Resilient Strategy (GGCRS) prioritize welfare by focusing on the environment. This translates to direct, tangible benefits. Rwanda’s GDP per capita has grown to $1,030 USD, a national GDP growth of 6.2%. 

Rwanda’s government has pledged two million hectares of forest restoration by 2030. It has already reached its target of covering 30% of the country with forests. This is a key step for the welfare of Rwandan communities since forest resources are widely used. In fact, more than 94% of Rwandans rely on wood as a main source of energy. Many also generate income through the country’s forests. Freshwater ecosystems are being systematically managed, and nationwide campaigns encourage people to use and manage freshwater resources more sustainably.

The Protection of Natural Resources and All Life on Rwandan Land

Natural resource health is a defining factor of welfare across the world. The ability to generate income, access the mental health benefits of nature and directly benefit from resource use are all fundamental reasons to properly manage and care for the natural environment. 

Rwanda is home to roughly 40% of all species of African mammals—more than a thousand species of birds, hundreds of reptiles and amphibians and nearly 6,000 species of plants. Some of these, like the charismatic mountain gorilla, are only found in two other countries: the DRC and Uganda. The survival of these plants and animals also depends on the welfare of Rwanda’s terrestrial habitats. 

From chimpanzees to leopards and forests to savannahs, the updates on SDG 15 in Rwanda have protected many species and habitats against several compounding pressures that currently threaten their existence and health. In one case, the mountain gorilla has made a promising conservation come-back. The population has grown from only a few hundred individuals in 2010 to more than a thousand today. This has directly impacted the communities in Rwanda. Community-based tourism programs depend on the health of mountain gorilla populations and other captivating species. These programs further improve the welfare of local communities by funding development projects and supporting the development of sustainable incomes.

How SDG 15 Supports Rwandan Industry and Food Security 

The industries that SDG 15 supports—namely agriculture, forestry and fisheries—account for 29% of Rwanda’s total GDP, which reached record profit levels in 2019. About 47% of Rwanda’s land is suitable for agriculture, and 66.5% of the population works in agriculture. This makes it a popular choice for income generation. 

Roughly 3.9 million Rwandan farmers and their families depend on the health and proper management of land for their survival. These individuals and communities consistently confront issues addressed by SDG 15, including habitat degradation, land stakeholdership issues and soil erosion. 

As of 2022, 82% of Rwanda’s population is recorded as living rurally. An enormous 80% of these individuals also participate in subsistence farming. These farmers and their families are wholly dependent on the health of the country’s land. By maintaining and protecting land, the government of Rwanda can address the needs of its farmers and agricultural sector. It can also support the food security of its subsistence communities and simultaneously improve individual poverty levels.

Looking Forward

Through the management of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, the Rwandan government ensures the survival of its major economies and the well-being of its citizens. The health and utility of Rwandan land are so integral to the future of the country that agriculture, linked to the generation of wealth, has been named a pillar in Rwanda’s national development strategy: Vision 2050. 

Future work on the SDGs in Rwanda will likely have profound effects on both wildlife and community welfare. As a land-locked country, the well-being and management of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems are imperative to ensuring the survival and resilience of all life.

– Mirali Shukla
Photo: Pixabay

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El Salvador’s Water Crisis

El Salvador's water crisisEl Salvador is Central America’s most densely populated nation and water is crucial to more than 6 million people who call El Salvador home. However, diminishing supplies and high water pollution levels have plunged El Salvador’s into a deep crisis over water access.

El Salvador’s Water Crisis

More than 1.6 million El Salvadorians have no access to clean water at home, with 90% of surface water unsafe for drinking, some are forced to make trips to communal water sources up to 20 times a day. El Salvador’s extraordinarily high water pollution levels can be attributed to sources such as industrial and agricultural runoff, where poor state infrastructure means that water is often left untreated. Without clean water, diseases such as dysentery can impact education and household income, as children and adults are too ill to attend school or work. According to U.N. estimates, at least 27% of Salvadorans live in poverty. Many lack the means to afford proper treatment, meaning that diseases can be fatal up to 50% of the time.

Capacity Building

While the severity of El Salvador’s water crisis cannot be denied, various solutions offer hope for those most affected. Strengthening the capacity of El Salvador’s water infrastructure is being implemented in several key ways. After decades of inaction, the Salvadoran government passed the Water Resources Law in 2022, which established a local water regulation authority and requires government approval for industrial or agricultural water usage. Regulating the usage of El Salvador’s water should aid the government in ensuring wastewater is treated and reducing overall pollution. The World Bank has dedicated $100 million to improving water quality in El Salvador with a project that aims to benefit the health and well-being of the most vulnerable groups. A further $100 million was pledged by the Inter-American Development Bank to improve water access for around 120,000 households. El Salvador has also recently banned mining for metal, a leading cause of water pollution in the country.

Water Purification

El Salvador’s water crisis is also being addressed by water purification initiatives, which allow vulnerable residents to access clean water while waiting for infrastructure to be strengthened. More than 2,500 rural families now benefit from solar-powered wells. In areas with insufficient electrical grid capacity, solar power drives clean water from wells into storage tanks. Where clean water is unavailable, sand filtration technology can be used to remove impurities and toxins in water, giving communities access to clean water while removing the need to travel. El Salvador’s water crisis severely threatens its most vulnerable citizens. Pollution and poor infrastructure have left millions without safe water sources. However, capacity building, investment and water purification technology provide a crucial lifeline to El Salvador’s most impoverished citizens.

– Jamie Paterson
Photo: Flickr