Archive for category: Africa

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Organizations Fighting for Mental Health in Liberia

Mental Health in LiberiaThe world’s outlook on mental health is gradually improving, but there are still many parts of global society that turn a blind eye to disorders of the mind. Liberian institutions often ignore mental health in Liberia. Times change, however and if Liberia is indicative of the rest of the world, mental health is getting the attention it desperately needs.

In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that one out of five of Liberia’s population experienced a mental disorder. Subsequent research by WHO indicates an improvement in Liberia’s mental health, with a notable increase in the mental health workforce. Initially, only one psychiatrist served the country, but as of 2020, Liberia has more than 450 mental health professionals, including four psychiatrists, two psychologists and more than 400 mental health nurses. That said, here are some organizations fighting mental health in Liberia.

LiCORMH

The Liberia Center for Outcome Research on Mental Health’s (LiCORMH) health initiatives target unique, often ignored, areas of mental health in Liberia. For instance, LiCORMH now situates sexual abuse under a “fallout of war,” raising attention to the issue as connected to disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many of the citizens reaching adulthood today are survivors of a civil war in the country that began when they were children. A study showed that 50% of Liberians are coping with PTSD. The country’s growing dedication to mental health helps these survivors deal with their PTSD.

The Carter Center

The Carter Center, as indicated by its motto prominently displayed on the front page of its website — “Waging Peace, Fighting Disease, Building Hope” — grapples with the challenge of realizing this mission in Liberia’s fight against mental afflictions. The organization has trained an army of public health workers in mental health care, ranging everywhere from crisis intervention to diagnoses of mental health afflictions. Additionally, The Carter Center has played a crucial role in community education on mental health, empowering individuals with tools for self-help. Furthermore, the organization focuses on training health workers in self-care.

John F. Kennedy Medical Health Center

Located in the capital city, Monrovia, boasting 50 years of experience, 1000 employees and 57,000 patients a year, the JFK Medical Health Center is Liberia’s “largest referral hospital.” The E.S Grant Mental Health Hospital, a part of the JFK Medical Health Center, is the only hospital combatting mental health in Liberia. It has enough room to care for 80 patients and the workforce to offer outpatient advice to those suffering from mental health concerns.

Child Resource Institute

Tackling mental health is a lofty goal and its aims and strategies must have broad reach and circumspect plans. The Child Resource Institute connects women and children to programs that enable them to become self-sufficient and proactive members of their societies. Despite its economic goals, the institute’s actions affect mental health, too. It builds pathways for Liberian citizens toward brighter futures.

Final Remark

The struggle is far from over, but support for mental health in Liberia will guarantee that the country continues to move in the right direction and that every citizen receives the care they deserve.

– Antonio Muhs
Photo: Flickr

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Renewable Energy in Kenya

Renewable Energy in KenyaThe great rift valley running through the heart of Kenya spans 6,400 kilometers from Jordan to Mozambique. Below its surface, water effortlessly seeps through, encountering heated rocks situated 1-3 kilometers beneath the earth’s crust. This interaction yields a combination of superheated water and steam, constituting 75% and 25%, respectively, with temperatures averaging 300 degrees Celsius (572 degrees Fahrenheit) and pressures reaching 1,000 PSI. Remarkably, these conditions prove optimal for harnessing geothermal energy.

In the 21st century, particularly in the past few years, Kenya has begun to harness this geological advantage to become a global powerhouse in clean energy. With a total geothermal power capacity of 988.7MW, of which 799MW stems from the Great Rift Valley, Kenya is the 6th largest producer of geothermal energy worldwide. According to KenGen, there is potential for this capacity to rise to 10,000MW, with a view to Kenya being powered entirely by renewable energy by 2030.

What Does This Mean for the World?

In a declaration by Kenyan President William Ruto, who is leading the campaign for the country’s shift from fossil fuel reliance, he claimed that: “Despite Africa having an estimated 40% of the world’s renewable energy resources, only $60bn or 2% of $3tn renewable energy investments in the last decade have come to Africa.”

Increases in foreign aid investments could be mutually beneficial for both Kenya and Western nations. If foreign aid budgets increased in focus on expanding upon Africa’s renewable energy infrastructure, for example, by helping to expand operations in Kenya, this could potentially provide a solution to the West’s continued reliance on fossil fuels and give a boost to the West’s efforts in fighting the climate crisis through trade alliances with African nations.

What Does This Mean for Kenya and Africa as a Whole?

A substantial economic boost could be anticipated with increased foreign aid investment into renewable energy infrastructure projects in Africa. Infrastructure projects will likely require a significant uptake in local workers to assist with building power plants and wellheads, providing local people with new employment opportunities and the prospect of newfound wealth in the region.

The potential transformation of Africa’s power grid through these investments also cannot be understated: “According to the U.N., more than half of the sub-Saharan population does not have access to power, making it the lowest region due to the lack of a grid that distributes power to consumers. Large African economies like Nigeria and South Africa rely heavily on fossil fuels to supply their booming population.”

For decades, Africa’s troubles with poor power grid infrastructure have constrained the continent’s capacity for economic growth. Manufacturing, infrastructure and retail sites cannot operate without a sufficient and reliable power supply. Therefore, the economic boost these developments could provide is unequivocally huge, as well as the employment opportunities that are so desperately needed.

Kenya’s geothermal operations already provide enough to power approximately 3,800,000 homes through state and private commercial projects. It is, therefore, relatively simple to imagine the extraordinary impact further investment from Western states could have on alleviating millions of Kenyans and Africans across the continent out of poverty.

– Ethan Leyden
Photo: Flickr

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Combating HIV/AIDS in Togo

HIV/AIDS in TogoTogo is a densely populated West African nation situated on the Gulf of Guinea, home to approximately 8.5 million people. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), an estimated 110,000 adults and children throughout the country are living with HIV/AIDS. This is a number that reflects a steady decline in infection rate. However, it also demonstrates the persistence of these sexually transmitted diseases within sub-Saharan Africa. Today, international aid and government initiatives are crucial. This work ensures that the citizens receive the treatment and education necessary to combat HIV/AIDS in Togo.

Attitudes Surrounding HIV/AIDS in Togo

There are a multitude of sociocultural barriers that stigmatize and discriminate against people living with HIV/AIDS in Togo. Between 2015 and 2020 the prevalence of discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS was reported as the highest in West Africa out of all of the sub-Saharan African regions. Although the law in Togo currently prohibits discrimination against persons with HIV/AIDS and mandates the National Council for the Fight against AIDS (CNLS) to use active measures to prevent discrimination, affected individuals are still often subject to prejudice and mistreatment by their peers.

Reported cases of family abandonment can be attributed to the widespread perception that HIV/AIDS is a religious punishment for homosexuality. This perspective leads to the worry of severely tarnishing a family’s image in society. Humiliation and fear that come with discrimination play large roles in deterring affected individuals from tests and treatment.  

Seeking Solutions: American Assistance and Aid

The United States established diplomatic relations with Togo in 1960 and has been active in maintaining good relations since then. Although the U.S. has been involved in efforts to combat HIV/AIDS since the mid-1980s, it has spent close to $50 million in to fight and treat HIV/AIDs in Togo. This has led to a significant increase in testing and greater accessibility to antiretroviral treatments.

Additionally, as a collaborative effort with domestic groups, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) hopes to end AIDS by the target year of 2030. They intend to fund and provide resources to the Ending AIDS project. This project aims to enhance HIV prevention, care and treatment services by engaging existing networks with local partners. Adding associates such as ministries of health and faith-based organizations can build upon trust and ensure lasting change.

The work of the U.S. as a whole continues to be vital in relieving the pressure on Togo. Work is ongoing to help solve the persistent worldwide public health issue in HIV/AIDS.

International Intervention: The Global Fund

In the fight for health, there is an international private-public partnership designed to accelerate the defeat of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria throughout the world. The Global Fund historically allocates funding to eligible countries every three years. Notably, it has allocated a total of $44.52 million toward ending HIV/AIDs in Togo for the years 2023-2025.

The Global Fund has been providing funding to Togo since 2014 and has been responsible for yielding positive results. For example, 1,828 infants have been tested for HIV. Additionally, 680,173 young people aged 10-24 had access to comprehensive sexuality education and/or life skills-based education in or out of schools in 2022. 

Continued Progress

Although HIV/AIDS in Togo remains one of the leading health threats throughout the nation, the last 10 years has seen a steady decrease in cases. There is evidence of a decline with a drop of 2.5% to 1.9% with respect to the Togolese population aged between 15-49 with HIV from 2015 to 2021.  

Global funding and government initiatives have been largely successful in increasing accessibility to HIV tests. According to The Global Fund, as of 2022, 33,000 HIV tests were taken by priority and key Togolese populations. Additionally, 720,000 people were reached with HIV prevention services. Additionally, 85% of the people living with HIV/AIDs in Togo knew their status – a 25% increase from 60% in 2015. Furthermore, of the estimated 69% of people in Togo who knew their HIV status in 2019, 96% of them were on antiretroviral therapy.  

Such progress can be accredited to factors like global and local efforts taking place to overcome discrimination and decrease the rate of HIV/AIDS in Togo. If efforts continue, they will contribute vastly to defeating the persistence of the disease. 

– Arabella Wood-Collins 
Photo: Pixabay

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Renewable Energy in Angola

Renewable Energy in AngolaAngola is a small country in South-West Africa. The country currently has an energy production capacity of around 5 GW. Based on past governmental promises, Angola’s capacity is expected to be  6 GWs. However, with these goals not being achieved, the country has only a 43% electrification rate.

While incredibly low, this is nothing compared to rural areas’ 10% electrification rate. This inequality is further widened due to rural areas’ lack of other options. With 54% of the nation concentrated in rural areas, these regions have nowhere else to turn. With the government planning to eliminate fossil fuel subsidies causing energy prices to rise, the government has begun to push for renewable energy in Angola.

Angola’s Renewable Energy Revolution

Angola is in an optimal geographical position for renewable energy production. Studies conducted by the Ministry of Energy and Water found that the nation has the potential to generate 16 GW in solar power, 4 GW in wind power and 18 GW in hydropower. Using this to its advantage, the government of Angola has created the Angola 2025 Plan, which aims to utilize renewable energy to boost its energy production.

In this plan, the nation’s electrification rate would jump to 60%, with 70% coming from renewable sources. Part of this increase will be due to the three massive solar projects that the Government of Angola recently approved. One of these projects will be a partnership between the United Arab Emirates and Angola, resulting in a 150 MW solar farm.

Transforming Lives and Igniting Economic Opportunities

The benefit is threefold. First, this shift to renewable energy can massively benefit the electrification rates and provide electricity to underserved areas. For example, projects like the Masdar solar plant can bring electricity to 90,000 homes.

Second, renewable energy in Angola opens up many job opportunities by utilizing new technologies and creating an entirely new industry. Additionally, this massive boost in the energy sector is more significant for foreign investors and creates even more job opportunities.

This double-win for the job market will help drastically reduce poverty levels and close the inequality gap. Because many of these solar projects have taken place in rural areas like the Masdar solar plant, it directly gives these opportunities to the concentrated areas of low-income households.

Conclusion

While renewable energy in Angola is still an emerging market, its potential to completely shift the country’s economy and bring electricity to millions of people highlights its importance. By harnessing its abundant solar, wind and hydroelectricity resources, Angola can meet its energy needs and emerge as a regional leader in clean energy innovation.

– Aman Chaudhary
Photo: Flickr

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Improving Africa’s Infrastructure: Top 5 Projects

Africa's InfrastructureThe continent of Africa is widely believed to be the cradle of civilization. Every historic country within its boundaries has cultural riches and natural resources. Even the untrained eye can find beauty in Africa’s scenery. That same untrained eye would recognize this beautiful and historic continent also lacks access to many of its inner countries. Lack of access makes it difficult for these countries to trade and grow with the outward countries and the rest of the world. Despite this, Africa is growing, though at times, an arduous process. The past few years have been full of positive change with the completion or expansion of new projects in the region. Here are the top five projects improving Africa’s infrastructure.

Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Ethiopia)

Under its original name, Project X, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam began construction in April 2011. Its construction immediately brought jobs into the region and, upon completion, would create a bridge allowing safe passage over the Blue Nile River. The project would be instrumental in improving Africa’s infrastructure by distributing water to Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. The dam would also handle significant floods in the area and help irrigation by watering 500,000 hectares of land (1 million acres).

Lekki Deep Water Port (Nigeria)

This aquatic marvel was started in 2003 to allow for more efficient trading and storage for the West African region. The Lekki Deep Water Port construction was granted non-recourse project financing, meaning the loan is paid back with profits from the finished project. With a capacity to hold 15,000 containers and handle 2.5 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) annually, the port has been critical in improving Africa’s infrastructure. The port has increased import and export turnaround times and reduced the delays of supplies and materials to the region.

Dangote Petroleum Refinery (Nigeria)

In addition to the country’s water port is the Dangote Petroleum Oil Refinery. Nigeria is the second biggest oil-rich country in Africa, but the country is reliant on imported petroleum products. The Dangote Petroleum Refinery broke ground in July 2017 with the expectations of meeting 100% of Nigeria’s gasoline needs and doubling the country’s refining capacity. With a capacity to produce 650,000 barrels of oil daily, the refinery is undoubtedly Africa’s most significant.

Siemens Mobility High-Speed Rail Lines (Egypt)

Egypt and Siemens are working on a project to lay 2,500km (1400 miles) of high-speed tracks through 60 cities in the coming years. The project began in September 2021 and is scheduled to conclude in 2027. The trains will significantly improve Africa’s infrastructure by linking cities and trade routes along the Red and Mediterranean Seas. This project is full of promises and will contribute substantially to the region’s growth.

Google Equiano High-Speed Internet

Google and its reach knows no ends and the Equiano High-Speed Internet project is just another example. This 12,000km subsea internet cable was dropped in April 2022 and operational by December 2022. The cable runs from Lisbon, Portugal, down the west coast of Africa to Cape Town, South Africa. The cable provides high-speed internet access and a digital connection to the outside world for many African countries.

This cable passes through several countries, vastly improving Africa’s infrastructure and creating substantial job markets in each area. Namibia is projected to add 21,000 jobs and South Africa is looking to add around 180,000 jobs, all thanks to Google Equiano. Additionally, Nigeria will see the greatest influx in job opportunities as the country is projected to add 1.6 million jobs. Fittingly, the high-speed cable was named after Nigerian-born writer and abolitionist Olaudah Equiano.

Looking Forward

Africa is preparing for and entering into the next incarnation of its development. Projects like those mentioned above are scattered across the continent and help assist with the transitions and new additions to the region. These projects help connect Africa to its neighbors near and far.

– Ryan Johnson
Photo: Pixabay

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Witchcraft in the Central African Republic

Witchcraft in the Central African RepublicIn the Central African Republic (CAR), up to 50% of prosecutions are for allegations of witchcraft, based on a law which, of course, can not be proven and therefore not challenged. This law targets the most vulnerable of the population- impoverished women, children and the elderly. With an ongoing civil war, the legislation’s role in shaping society and power is instrumental in identifying how culture, tradition, government and conflict work to create an impoverished society.

However, with greater international awareness being brought to the issue in recent years, many organizations are doing their part to help. Here is everything you need to know about witchcraft in the Central African Republic.

The CAR Is in the Midst of a Brutal Civil War

Since its inception in 1960, the CAR has suffered from decades of instability and violence. In 2020, the Patriots for Change (CPC) was formed to disrupt the 2020-2021 CAR election. Most recently, the CPC renewed its attacks on the government in early 2023, equipped with better weaponry. As the CAR delves deeper into intraregional conflict, the humanitarian crisis worsens, contributing to poverty and poor living conditions.

Witchcraft and Vulnerable Groups

In the CAR, the law specifies that suspected witchcraft in and of itself is not a crime but rather its “harmful use.” This applies explicitly to accusations of witchcraft, which refer to intentions to do harm to people, damage property and disrupt the public.

Accusations of witchcraft are intrinsically tied to social marginalization and contribute to the filtering out of unwanted people, most especially elderly women. Most of the people who are accused of witchcraft are around the age of 55, with an increased emphasis on isolated women who may be divorced, widowed, childless or otherwise alone. From January 2020 to June 2021, almost 60% of the defendants held in the women’s remand prison in Bangui could be classified into one of these categories.

The CAR’s Rule of Law Is Difficult To Enforce

Prosecutions are almost entirely sourced from the confessions of the accused. Accused people who refuse to confess face an increased risk of vigilante justice and mob violence. At the same time, within the judicial system, refusing to confess may be the only way to avoid conviction. Cases of witchcraft are considered carefully due to their sensitive nature, which causes judges to search for a conviction by whatever means necessary. Accusations of witchcraft are significantly more common in rural areas where law enforcement and the judicial system have limited power.

Communities Rely on Support From Local NGOs

Caritas CAR is one such NGO providing services since CAR’s inception in 1960. Among its primary goals of alleviating the pressures of poverty in the CAR, Caritas CAR also focuses on building a stronger society. Most accusations of witchcraft come from somebody the accused knows and by providing social resources, Centralis CAR targets this problem at its root.

The CAR still has a long way to go with some of the highest rates of remand detention in the world, unparalleled conflict and levels of poverty and a targeted system of persecution of the most vulnerable people in society. However, the CAR and its people continue to work toward a better, more connected society through NGOs like Caritas CAR.

– Anjum Alam
Photo: Flickr

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Beyond Borders: The Impact of BRAC on Lives in Liberia

BRAC in LiberiaThe Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) is a nongovernmental organization that has been making significant strides in improving the lives of Liberians through its diverse range of programs and initiatives. With a mission to alleviate poverty and empower communities, BRAC has established a strong presence in Liberia, working towards addressing key challenges such as education, health, livelihood support and community development.

How Did BRAC Begin?

Founded by Sir Fazle Hasan Abed in 1972, BRAC has grown into one of the largest NGOs in the world. While working as a senior corporate executive at Pakistan Shell Oil, his life changed dramatically when the 1970 cyclone and 1971 Liberation War in Bangladesh unfolded. This prompted him to leave his job and relocate to London, where he played a crucial role in starting Action Bangladesh and HELP Bangladesh to support the war.

Why Is BRAC Helping Liberia?

Liberia is a country that struggles with extreme poverty, with more than half of its population living below the poverty line. The wars that took place until 2003 have left a devastating impact on health care and educational facilities, with buildings being destroyed and equipment being stolen. As a result, most health care workers, university faculty and hospital and medical school administrators decided to flee the country. This has caused a decrease in life expectancy, a significant dropout rate, substandard learning conditions and a lack of qualified teachers.

Sustainable agricultural production in Liberia also often receives insufficient attention regarding policies and programs. Poor investment in this sector has resulted in reduced farmland, mismanagement of water resources and negative impacts on food distribution and production. Pest management practices and technology adoption are also hindered, while fertilizers and modern cultivation methods still need improvement. Additionally, inadequate road networks and high transportation costs decrease food production, further aggravating the situation.

How Is BRAC Helping Liberia?

Established in 2008, BRAC Liberia adopts a community-driven strategy to create tailored and influential initiatives. With a focus on urban, rural and refugee populations, the program’s interventions prioritize the fair involvement of all community groups. It directly engages with communities, ensuring their voices and stories remain at the heart of  BRAC’s programs.

Agriculture

Regarding agriculture, the programs conducted by BRAC Liberia focus on training farmers in climate-smart agriculture techniques and poultry and livestock management. These programs provide valuable knowledge and equip farmers with essential resources like seeds, tools, poultry and livestock. Additionally, to ensure ongoing assistance, the organization recruits and trains local leaders who act as community promoters, offering on-site support and helping farmers overcome difficulties.

BRAC Liberia is also committed to improving the adoption of nutrient-rich crops to address child malnutrition in impoverished communities. The organization actively involves lactating, pregnant women and young mothers in nutrition forums and awareness campaigns to achieve this. These initiatives aim to educate them on the significance of breastfeeding, child nutrition, hygiene practices and food safety measures.

Education

BRAC Liberia’s education program is based on a community-led model that aims to foster and maintain high-quality education in Liberia. This approach prioritizes child-centered learning, teacher development and preserving children’s well-being. Teachers are also trained to ensure they have the necessary skills and knowledge to provide an excellent education to their students. In June 2021, a remarkable majority of the 750 participants in UPGI (Ultra-Poor Graduation Initiative) completed their studies, with an impressive graduation rate of 85%.

Health

Regarding health, the organization has developed an integrated network in Liberia consisting of community health promoters and health program personnel. This network aims to provide vital health care services in five crucial domains: reproductive and child health care, Malaria control, Tuberculosis (TB) control, family planning and basic curative services. This network also plays a pivotal role in the emergency response efforts for Ebola and COVID-19.

Microfinance

BRAC Liberia’s main objective is to offer various financial services to individuals at the base of the socioeconomic ladder, with a focus on empowering impoverished women residing in remote rural areas who face significant challenges in accessibility. By providing self-employment prospects and strengthening financial stability, it aims to empower them economically. As of July 2023, $19.9 million was distributed and granted as loans.

Conclusion

BRAC’s work in Liberia encompasses a comprehensive approach that tackles socioeconomic challenges and fosters community development. The organization’s efforts to improve access to education, enhance health care services and empower individuals through entrepreneurship have significantly impacted lives in Liberia. Furthermore, BRAC’s agriculture and community development initiatives have contributed to sustainable livelihoods and empowered local communities.

– Sara Hatab
Photo: Wikimedia Commons

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Sanitation in Togo

Sanitation in TogoAmid the vibrant tapestry of Togo’s cultural heritage and natural beauty, the state of sanitation plays a crucial role in shaping the country’s public health landscape. As the nation strives for progress and development, the need for sanitation is a factor in influencing the well-being of its citizens. In examining Togo’s sanitation practices, five key facts come to light, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities within this essential domain.

Increased Exposure to Diarrheal Diseases

Regarding sanitation in Togo, open defecation has become a significant contributor to the increased prevalence of diarrheal diseases. With a lack of proper sanitation facilities, many individuals resort to defecating in the open, exposing themselves to a heightened risk of waterborne infections.

The presence of flies that land on the feces and subsequently carry bacteria into nearby households exacerbates the aftermath of open defecation. More than six million people, or 88% of the 7.3 million people living in Togo, lack a toilet in their homes. An outdoor pit latrine is a toilet, but they are rare. According to reports from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization, 54% of Togolese people defecate outside. This can result in outbreaks of cholera, typhoid and other diarrheal illnesses, resulting in hundreds of avoidable deaths annually.

Provision of Clean Drinking Water by the World Bank

The World Bank has approved a new initiative to improve sanitation and provide clean drinking water to as many families in Greater Lomé as feasible. With a $100 million budget, this initiative will enhance access and the quality of water and sanitation services through several private sector partnerships and investments.

The project will fund many initiatives, including the construction of a wastewater and fecal sludge treatment plant, the restoration of the water supply systems, technical studies for the long-term expansion of large-scale water production capacity and the integration of a distribution network.

Inclusive Sanitation in Urban Centres in Togo

A €1.25 million (about $1.3 million) initiative by the African Development Bank aims to enhance sanitation in ten Togolese cities, including Sokode, the country’s second-biggest metropolis. According to Minister Tiem, the initiative supports the government’s sustainable access to clean drinking water and excellent sanitation in Togo.

In Sokodé, where just 34% of households had a toilet in 2010, there is a severe deficiency in hygiene and sanitation. The African Development Bank had 16 ongoing projects regarding sanitation in Togo valued at hundreds of millions of dollars. Addressing this issue involves improving sanitation infrastructure and implementing comprehensive awareness campaigns to promote healthier hygiene practices and break the chain of disease transmission in communities across Togo.

Laws for Solid Waste Management

Due to the industry’s rapid expansion and the resulting 2427.2 tons of waste produced daily, Togo is also experiencing difficulties with its social and environmental operations. Due to population expansion, 54 million tons of solid garbage will be generated nationally by 2030. The predicted average annual production of municipal solid waste is 305.340 tons, of which 89.428 tons are collected and buried.

On July 3, 2023, the University of Rostock (UR) and the West African Service Center for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Use (WASCAL) jointly released the draft of the National Sustainable Strategy (NSS) on integrated municipal solid waste management by 2023 with a Vision to 2030 and projection to 2050. To achieve the goals, action areas and infrastructure requirements must be considered, together with the financial arrangements for investments and the capital recovery strategy for waste management operations.

Implementation of Green Industrial Companies

Green Industrial Companies (GICs) are industrial enterprises that integrate certain green concepts into their operations to protect the environment, either directly or indirectly. Generally speaking, the legislative’s goal is to create regulatory frameworks to encourage more businesses to become GICs and integrate some form of green strategy into their daily operations. At the end of 2018, the rate was 43%, while the share of renewable energy in total electricity production rose to 3%.

Green growth entails promoting economic development and growth to ensure that natural resources continue offering resources and environmental services essential to our well-being. Today, low- and middle-income economies rely heavily on the commercial, export-focused economic activities that arise from their natural resource endowments. The fact that primary product exports, such as food, fuel, ore and metal commodities, dominate export revenue for these economies highlights Togo’s need for natural resources to compete in the global economic spectrum.

Conclusion

The alarming rise in diarrheal diseases, linked to the widespread practice of open defecation, highlights the urgent need for comprehensive sanitation reforms. Organizations like the World Bank and the Project for the Promotion of Inclusive Sanitation in Urban Centres in Togo are committed to providing clean drinking water. They aim to achieve this through strategic operations addressing a critical aspect of public health, offering a lifeline to communities grappling with waterborne infections.

– Mahima Bhat
Photo: Pixabay

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Addressing Poverty Conditions In The Gambia

poverty conditions in The GambiaGeographically engulfed within the western African country of Senegal lies The Gambia, a predominantly rural country with a 2023 population of 2.6 million people. 

Poverty Conditions in The Gambia

Gambia’s 2020 poverty rate was 53.4%, with poverty particularly prevalent in rural areas (76% of the rural population). The country is largely dependent on agriculture, an industry that employs 80% of the rural population and accounts for approximately a quarter of its GDP. Nevertheless, the World Food Programme reports that the country produces only 50% of the food it needs, leaving it dependent on imports. Food insecurity rose to 27% of the population in 2022, from 8% in 2016, and food inflation was 24% in July 2023. 

In March 2024, the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Index ranked The Gambia the 174th poorest country out of 193 countries ranked. 

Rural poverty particularly affects unskilled workers and subsistence farmers and is higher among the young (under 14) and the old (over 65). It is driven by environmental hazards such as droughts, floods and deforestation, limited productive employment opportunities and low-paying informal employment, along with a lack of entrepreneurship development. This impacts income, food insecurity and malnutrition, with health issues exacerbated by access difficulties and medical insurance that is restricted to formal sector employees. Households in the lowest wealth quintile experience the lowest access to basic infrastructure and services, including electricity, sanitation and water. 

The Gambia also relies on remittance inflows and tourism. As in other countries, the economy overall has suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, in addition to a major flooding in July 2022. Inflation reached a record-high level 13.2% in October 2022. 

Two broad-scope efforts that will facilitate poverty reduction in Gambia are its social protection policy and its long-term agreements with the International Monetary Fund.

Gambia’s Social Protection and Poverty Alleviation

The Gambia’s first National Social Protection Policy 2015-2025, developed with the participation of national, subnational and local governments and leaders, public and private, was designed to address the country’s poverty and vulnerability. Goals include pro-poor and inclusive economic growth, development of human capital, social cohesion and human rights attainment. Reforms include better use of resources, improved management and administrative systems and more inclusive social protection, with basic income and social services widely available but beginning with the poorest and most vulnerable.

The World Bank has projected strong growth in agriculture, along with the expansion of cash transfers, both of which should have a positive effect on poverty reduction. However, continued high food prices may dampen this effect. 

IMF Agreements

In March 2020, the International Monetary Fund approved an Extended Credit Facility (ECF) agreement with Gambia to provide financial assistance to implement structural reforms. The final review was completed in June 2023, with total disbursements of approximately $94 million. A new, three-year agreement, with requested access to $100 million, was reached in November 2023. Objectives of this assistance have included mitigating the impact of inflation and foreign exchange pressures on the vulnerable population, creating “space for social spending and investment,” fostering economic diversification, increasing economic participation of women, improving climate risk management and investment in infrastructure that is climate resilient.

– Staff Reports
Photo: Flickr
Updated: April 2, 2024