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Global Poverty, Politics, Poverty Reduction

How Poverty Reduction Strengthens Social and Political Stability

Social and Political Stability
Poverty plays a primary role in many of the social and political issues visible around the world. Considering this, global poverty reduction stands as the solution to strengthening social and political stability worldwide.

The Connection between Poverty and Instability in Nepal

Nepal, a country in South Asia, stands as a strong example of how poverty connects to social and political instability. For much of its modern existence, Nepal has seen a steady stream of political instability and violence, visible in tragic events such as the Nepalese Civil War that lasted from 1996 to 2006 and many other political uprisings. While some of this instability links to Nepal’s historically weak governance, studies show a strong correlation between the nation’s poverty and political violence.

According to a research article by Lauren C. Griffin published in 2015, about 25% of people in Nepal survived on less than $2 per day. The history of extreme poverty in the nation opened the door for instability and violence in many ways. For instance, the Maoist insurgency beginning in 1996 led to Maoists taking over the education system to perpetuate their terror and recruiting impoverished people with grievances against the government to join the cause.

Because many of the Nepalese are trapped in this cycle of poverty with their basic needs going unmet, it is easier for political instability and radical terrorism to take hold. By helping to raise the quality of life and access to decent wages and education in Nepal, not only would residents be able to rise out of poverty but the country’s ever-present political and social chaos would be curtailed as well, says Griffin.

There is a broader consensus that helping to promote political stability and to solve social and political issues like those found in Nepal is one important way to fight poverty. “Regions that are afflicted with problems of poverty are more likely to experience crises and instability, and the reverse is also true,” said Dr. Ritu Lauter, a professor of International Studies and Political Science at Peninsula College in an interview with The Borgen Project. “When poverty rates are low, you are likely to experience more political stability… People in free and open societies are likely to fare better in life on all sorts of indicators of human security and well-being. Consequently, there is less likelihood of social and political upheaval and unrest.”

Women’s Rights and Access to Education

The prevalence of poverty typically impacts issues such as women’s rights and opportunities and access to education. Without regard for women’s rights and educational opportunities, cycles of generational poverty only continue. Dr. Lauer understands the importance of ending global poverty in order to find solutions to these issues. “Global poverty is associated with negative outcomes in all areas of life, be they social, economic or political,” she said in her interview with The Borgen Project.

“With more access to wealth come more opportunities to have a higher standard of living and a more comfortable lifestyle. When survival is not the only goal and societies have more resources available, investments in human development are more likely, thus supporting higher literacy rates and gender equality.”

According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), “If all students in low-income countries had just basic reading skills (nothing else), an estimated 171 million people could escape extreme poverty. If all adults completed secondary education, we could cut the global poverty rate by more than half. ” Recognizing the importance of education in reducing poverty, the U.N. declared high-quality education one of its 17 Sustainable Development Goals for 2030, with the overall objective of reaching zero poverty.

The Potential Impact of Support

According to Oxfam, a significant majority of the global adult population living in poverty are women. These women face numerous obstacles in their efforts to escape poverty, including low wages and precarious working conditions. Providing these women with access to resources that can uplift them out of poverty not only benefits them individually but also contributes to the overall development of their impoverished nations.

For instance, women represent 45% of the agricultural workforce in developing countries. When women are given more opportunities, such as improved access to education and other resources to support their careers, it leads to better community nutrition outcomes and more efficient management and preservation of local natural resources, as stated by Global Citizen. Additionally, safeguarding women from violence and political oppression plays a crucial role in reducing poverty rates in any given region, fostering social stability, and promoting community growth.

Action to Address Social Issues

Work is already underway to end global poverty by addressing social issues like these. For example, a U.K.-based charity called the Nepal Education Foundation (NEF) is focusing on improving primary education in Northern Nepal. Not only does the NEF work to provide educators and schools with the resources and support needed but it also works with local communities in Nepal to “construct classrooms, toilets and playgrounds.” The NEF also helps with curriculum development.

Dress for Success, established in 1997, is a large nonprofit that works in more than 20 countries to empower women with resources and skills to attain economic self-sufficiency, enabling them to rise out of poverty. Dress for Success provides this support for impoverished women in several ways, including helping poorer women find outfits for job interviews and hosting programs that teach women leadership skills that will help them thrive in their employment endeavors and in life.

So far, the organization has helped more than 1.3 million women move toward self-sufficiency and independence. The efforts of Dress for Success not only help individual women prosper economically but trickles out into broader prosperity for whole communities and countries as a whole.

As the fight against global poverty continues, it is important to remember how improving political stability and social issues benefits not only individuals and their countries but the peace and prosperity of the world as a whole. Be it by promoting political peace, or by providing educational access to children and protecting women’s rights, the whole world benefits from global poverty reduction.

– Elijah Beglyakov
Photo: Flickr

July 1, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Kim Thelwell2023-07-01 01:30:182023-07-17 02:32:28How Poverty Reduction Strengthens Social and Political Stability
Global Poverty

5 Ways Frontline AIDS Is Tackling AIDS in Senegal

AIDS in SenegalAIDS is the breakdown of the immune system caused by HIV, a virus transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids. This often occurs either by sex or by sharing needles. AIDS leaves patients susceptible to other infections, if untreated, and it is usually fatal. Around two-thirds of the world’s HIV cases occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. Senegal has a relatively low infection rate, with around 0.4% of its population living with the disease. However, due to reduced access to medical facilities and significant stigma around the disease, many people do not receive the life-saving care they need. That is why Frontline AIDS has stepped in to help those who suffer from AIDS in Senegal, as well as those who are at risk.

Frontline AIDS Harm Reduction Initiative

Drug users in Senegal are 35 times more likely to contract HIV than those who do not use, and globally 10% of new HIV cases arise from drug use. So, Frontline AIDS is working to combat this dizzying statistic. The organization’s Harm Reduction program functions to help communities by providing life-saving resources for those affected or at risk of HIV. This is accomplished by:

  •  Providing needle exchange services–to take dirty needles out of circulation and provide sanitary options for those who inject drugs.
  •  Advocacy–campaigning for policies that improve treatment and prevent HIV, as well as helping those who face human rights violations due to their HIV status or drug use.
  •  Supporting communities–getting users in touch with services that can help them, such as violence protection organizations.

The Rapid Response Fund

This initiative is in place to support communities and their marginalized members, such as sex workers, all of whom may be impacted by HIV. The organization provides emergency grants to fortify community projects, supporting those with AIDS in Senegal and providing these projects with the tools to support those facing human rights violations.

Globally, the Rapid Response Fund has awarded 500 grants to community projects in over 45 countries, totaling $4.3 million. Without this, many would not receive the crucial care for their condition or may have contracted HIV due to lack of prevention.

Logging Hate Crimes on REAct

REAct is an online system that Frontline AIDS developed to record human rights violations. It logs whenever someone faces problems when receiving care for HIV and serves as a highly useful tool for advocacy.

REAct is important for advocacy as it allows the recording of hate crimes that would have otherwise likely gone unnoticed. These statistics can then be brought to the attention of governing bodies, potentially encouraging policy change and further offering of support to those suffering from HIV.

REAct also adds to the pool of current data on human rights available publicly, allowing an increased understanding of the stigma surrounding HIV.

Introducing Anonymous Support

Due to the heavy stigma surrounding HIV, many are afraid to seek help when they are affected by it. Therefore, Frontline AIDS wanted to make it easier for people to be treated for AIDS in Senegal.

The organization is providing anonymous online services in which people can connect with services offering support, as well as access to treatment that they may have been afraid to seek in person. This allows the most marginalized groups to acquire the help they need without the fear of the consequences, potentially saving thousands of lives.

Working with ANCS to Support the Community

Frontline AIDS has teamed up with ANCS, another charity aiming to protect the community from HIV, carry out vital prevention and treatment techniques and help those who need it the most. The organization provides crucial services such as HIV testing and antiviral treatments, with another strong focus being the prevention of HIV transmission between mother and child. In 2019, ANCS and Frontline AIDS managed to provide 9,500 people with HIV prevention services across Senegal.

– Annabel Kartal-Allen
Photo: Flickr

July 1, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Jennifer Philipp https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Jennifer Philipp2023-07-01 01:30:092023-07-04 00:02:085 Ways Frontline AIDS Is Tackling AIDS in Senegal
Global Poverty

5 Factors Impacting Mental Health in Cuba

Mental Health in CubaStudies have identified poverty as a factor that can contribute to poor mental health. Knifton and Inglis detail this by underscoring that “Poverty in childhood and among adults can cause poor mental health through social stresses, stigma and trauma.” This applies to all countries, including Cuba. Here are five factors impacting mental health in Cuba.

5 Factors Impacting Mental Health in Cuba

  1. The Impact of Shift Work. The Havana Times highlights that shift work, often visible in medical and government sectors in Cuba, adversely impacts mental health. For instance, an employee may need to work 24-hour straight shifts coupled with three days off thereafter.  A study by Park and Lee published in 2022 says these types of shifts raise an employee’s susceptibility to depressive and anxiety-related symptoms by 33% and double the risk of suicidal thoughts. This is due to the fact that shift work disturbs the natural circadian cycle and heightens the risk of Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD).  In comparison to workers with standard daytime schedules, suicidal ideation is twice as common in shift employees.
  2. The Impact of Turbulent Housing Circumstances. A lack of stable and secure housing can induce stress that leads to mental turmoil. Oftentimes, large Cuban families in poverty live in constricted, single-room homes provided by the government with insufficient space to accommodate multigenerational families. This limitation in their daily lives can ultimately lead to mental health troubles, says a study on mental illness in Cuba by Laura Nohr and others. In addition, impoverished citizens may lack the resources for the maintenance of their houses, resulting in the deterioration of housing. The inability to maintain long-term homes can enhance levels of mental distress.
  3. The Impact of Stigma. A study by Laura Nohr and others indicates that, in Cuba, there is a high prevalence of stigma surrounding mental health. Yet, despite this stigma, study participants showed a willingness to seek out professional assistance for mental health conditions. The reasoning behind this is that in Cuba mental illness is not perceived as a factor that may jeopardize one’s social status. And, in Cuba, mental illness is generally not considered a risk factor for poverty. Regardless, prejudice toward those who seek treatment remains an issue to address in order to further increase the utilization of mental health care services. 
  4. Cuba Prioritizes Early Interventions. Early diagnosis and intervention for the onset of mental health issues stand as a priority in Cuba, according to a study by Ruiz and Linz. From birth, each Cuban citizen holds the right to free and accessible mental and general health care diagnosis, care and evaluation services by professional health care specialists. Moreover, medical and psychological evaluations are routine and required throughout a Cuban’s lifetime to facilitate the early identification of symptoms.
  5. Support for People with Mental Health Diagnoses. Community and labor institutions in Cuba provide assistance to those undergoing mental health or medical treatment to enable them to maintain their education progress and employment. The institutions conduct evaluations of an individual’s capabilities, training, work experience and environment in order to assign them to a particular job while undergoing treatment. As such,  while undergoing treatment, those with mental health conditions do not need to concern themselves about shifts in their living, economic or educational situation. These potential forms of employment extend beyond manual labor according to the person’s skill set. Similarly, these institutions consider the possibility of a young person continuing their education and provide guidance and support accordingly.

With a commitment to supporting the mental health care needs of struggling Cubans and the prioritization of early interventions, mental health in Cuba can continue improving.

– Katrina Girod
Photo: Flickr

June 30, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Kim Thelwell2023-06-30 06:55:232023-08-28 05:41:285 Factors Impacting Mental Health in Cuba
Aid, Charity, Global Poverty

Soccer Aid 2023: A Triumph of Sport, Philanthropy and Global Unity

soccer aidSoccer Aid 2023, held on June 11, was a monumental event that brought together the worlds of soccer and philanthropy in a spectacular display of sportsmanship and goodwill. Organized by UNICEF and powered by the passion of athletes, celebrities and fans, Soccer Aid helped to showcase extraordinary skills and contribute to a noble cause.  The accomplishments of this awe-inspiring event and the impact it had on the lives of children worldwide are notable.

Annual Charity Soccer Match

Soccer Aid is an annual charity soccer match that brings together a star-studded team of celebrities and soccer legends who play against each other to raise funds for UNICEF’s vital work in helping children around the world. UNICEF U.K. Ambassador Robbie Williams first initiated Soccer Aid in 2006 to raise funds for UNICEF’s global projects. Since then, Soccer Aid has become one of the most anticipated charitable sporting events globally, drawing millions of viewers and enthusiastic supporters.

The Accomplishments of Soccer Aid 2023

  1. Record-breaking Donations. Soccer Aid 2023 surpassed all previous records, raising an astounding amount of £14.6 million, thanks to the generous contributions of sponsors, donors and viewers worldwide. The funds will be channeled toward addressing critical issues affecting children, such as malnutrition, lack of education and access to clean water and sanitation. 
  2. Awareness and Advocacy. Beyond raising funds, Soccer Aid 2023 played a crucial role in spreading awareness about the challenges faced by vulnerable and impoverished children in various parts of the world, particularly those facing humanitarian crises. According to UNICEF, more than 1 billion children across the globe live in multidimensional poverty, suffering several deprivations at once. Through the power of the media and the personal influence of the participants, the event shed light on pressing issues and inspired millions to get involved in humanitarian efforts.
  3. Global Reach. Soccer Aid’s reach extended far beyond the stadium as the event broadcasted live in several countries, connecting people from diverse backgrounds and cultures with the common goal of helping children in need. The event had social media platforms abuzz with discussions, encouraging global conversations about the importance of both philanthropy and sportsmanship. 
  4. Impact on Children’s Lives. The funds raised from Soccer Aid 2023 will have a lasting impact on the lives of countless disadvantaged children. The funds will support UNICEF’s ongoing efforts to provide life-saving vaccinations, essential nutrition, access to quality education and protection from violence and exploitation, creating a brighter and more hopeful future for the next generation. 

Philanthropic Sporting

Soccer Aid 2023 was more than just a soccer match; it was a testament to the immense power of humanity when united for a common cause. Through the passion and dedication of soccer legends, celebrities and millions of supporters, the event achieved astounding donations, spreading awareness and making a positive impact on the lives of children worldwide. Soccer Aid continues to set an example of how sports and philanthropy can come together to bring about positive change, proving that unity and collaboration can change the lives of vulnerable children and help build a more equitable and compassionate world.

– Dunia Matta
Photo: Pixabay

June 30, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Lynsey Alexander https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Lynsey Alexander2023-06-30 03:41:292024-05-30 22:32:19Soccer Aid 2023: A Triumph of Sport, Philanthropy and Global Unity
Global Poverty, Water, Water Crisis, Water Quality

Combating the Worldwide Water Crisis

Worldwide Water CrisisCurrently, there is a worldwide water crisis, as 771 million people face a total lack of access to safe water. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in three people worldwide does not have access to safe drinking water. The global water crisis has far-reaching consequences for communities across the globe, such as contaminated water-borne diseases, health issues like dehydration, vomiting and diarrhea, as well as economic difficulties. Families may have to spend a significant amount of their income on buying bottled water or traveling lost distances to collect water, which can make it challenging for them to fulfill other basic needs, including food, shelter and education.

Affecting Women and Girls

In addition, water scarcity disproportionately affects women and girls because they often experience the burden of collecting water. Spending hours of their days walking to obtain water for their families often limits their opportunities for education, work and social activities. Unsafe sanitation also poses a threat to women and girls, as they face a higher risk of abuse and assault when having to use outdoor toilets or sharing facilities with men and boys.

In 2009, actor Matt Damon and engineer Gary White founded Water.org, a nonprofit organization that aims to provide access to safe water and sanitation to people in developing countries. Water.org combats the global water crisis across 11 countries through affordable market-based solutions.

Global Water Crisis in Numbers

The following five statistics put into perspective the pervasiveness and danger of the water crisis.

  1. Approximately 2 billion people worldwide lack access to clean water, and 3.4 billion do not have proper sanitation facilities, according to Water for People.
  2. According to reports, one in six health care facilities does not have handwashing stations or toilets, which puts millions of people seeking help for health issues at an even greater risk.
  3. Water for People reports that “3.4 million deaths occur each year from water-related diseases.”
  4. On average, women living in rural Africa walk 3.7 miles every day to collect water and carry 40 pounds of it back to their families.
  5. By 2025, half of the global population could live in regions confronted with water scarcity. Furthermore, by 2040, over a quarter of the world’s children will “live in areas of extremely high water stress.”

Water.org combats the global water crisis with urgency and innovation in an effort to reduce the grand scale of water scarcity worldwide.

Water.org’s Mission and Formula

Working in 11 countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America, Water.org combats the global water crisis through market-based solutions to empower communities and make access to safe water and sanitation sustainable. The organization offers two loan programs—WaterCredit and WaterEquity—that have distinct goals and serve different groups of borrowers.

WaterCredit provides small loans to families in developing countries, who lack access to traditional credit and cannot afford to pay upfront for water and sanitation solutions, such as wells, pumps, and toilets. Families repay these loans over time, with the expectation that the borrower will eventually become financially stable enough (now that they can devote their time to other efforts besides collecting water) to repay the loan in full.

The WaterEquity program is an impact investing project that provides funding for water and sanitation enterprises to scale solutions to reach more people. Investors offer small loans for water and sanitation that are repaid over time, potentially receiving a financial return.

WaterEquity helps to attract private capital to the water and sanitation sector, promoting innovation and expanding access to safe water and sanitation. According to Water.org, “The investor can potentially receive a financial return, or re-invest to further their social impact.” This initiative provides sustainable solutions to the global water crisis and offers an “attractive risk-return profile to investors.”

Impact and Achievements

As of 2023, Water.org has provided access to safe water and sanitation to over 55 million people in 11 countries, according to its website. Water.org’s primary initiative, WaterCredit, has helped to mobilize over $4.4 billion in capital for water and sanitation projects. Water.org has enabled communities around the globe to take control of their own solutions and break the cycle of poverty caused by a lack of access to safe water and sanitation.

India’s water crisis is particularly severe. Nearly 600 million people face high to extreme water stress, and “nearly 200,000 people in India die each year due to inadequate access to safe water.” In addition, by 2030, the water demand in India could be “twice the available supply.”

On the bright side, Water.org’s efforts against the global water crisis include 31 local partners in India. Water.org has helped more than 21 million people gain access to safe water and sanitation.

The organization combats the global water crisis through innovative solutions that generate long-lasting and life-changing effects for families worldwide. Overall, the continued efforts of organizations like Water.org present hope for a future where safe water and sanitation are accessible to all.

– Skye Connors
Photo: Flickr

June 30, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Kim Thelwell2023-06-30 01:30:362023-06-26 04:43:51Combating the Worldwide Water Crisis
Disease

Diseases impacting Kosovo put strain on country’s medical care

Diseases impacting Kosovo Kosovo, the second youngest country in the world, is one of many nations struggling with an increase in non-communicable diseases. Treating and preventing the diseases impacting Kosovo is more difficult than in other European nations because of Kosovo’s status as the second poorest European country, alongside having a significant percentage of its population (40%) that is under 25 years old.

Causes of Disease

In 2017, 21.6% of adults in Kosovo reported having a chronic non-communicable disease, with cardiovascular disease being the most common cause of mortality and morbidity. Respiratory and malignant diseases, along with diabetes, are also common.

There are a number of causes that can be attributed to the rise in non-communicable diseases. A 2022 Frontiers article found that there are high levels of smoking, physical inactivity and obesity in Kosovo. Additionally, poor nutrition is a widespread issue in the nation, with 85% of adults not getting the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables in their diets.

According to a 2021 UNICEF report, 23% of people living in Kosovo are in poverty. Individuals who are living below the poverty line are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases. For example, adults living in poverty who suffer from type 2 diabetes are twice as likely to face diabetes-related mortality compared to those who earn the highest income, according to Diabetes Care.

Treatment Challenges

The level of concern for the overall health of the Kosovo population is low because of the predominantly young population, according to a 2023 article in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. However, because of noticeable changes in lifestyle trends and environmental factors, the nation could face difficulties in both detecting and treating non-communicable diseases in the future.

Because Kosovo became a country just 15 years ago, the nation’s health care system is still underdeveloped and inadequately funded. As a result, it is challenging to provide enough medical supplies and treatment for the population. Supply chain faults have caused shortages in medical supplies and a low supply of well-trained medical staff — Kosovo only has 1.44 physicians per 1,000 residents (compared to 3.4 per 1,000 residents across the European Union as a whole) — has presented challenges in the ability to provide treatment against diseases impacting Kosovo, according to the same article.

Treatment Improvements

Initiatives like Project HOPE have worked alongside Kosovo’s Ministry of Health to help combat these challenges. According to its website, Project HOPE has donated much-needed items, such as consumer disposable products, medical equipment and pharmaceutical drugs, to clinics and hospitals in the country.

Additionally, Project HOPE trains medical staff to better treat and detect non-communicable diseases. The organization has donated more than $60 million since 2010 to improve the medical industry in Kosovo.

The Kosovo government has also initiated plans to improve the health of low-income families. In 2019, it drafted Kosovo’s Social Assistance Program (SAS) which aims to reduce poverty and eliminate the cost of health insurance premiums and services for families relying on SAS.

Looking Ahead

The increasing emergence of non-communicable diseases impacting Kosovo is putting a strain on the newly founded nation. Despite the challenges, the country is making progress with the help of donations and programs like Project HOPE to equip the health care system with the required tools and skills to maintain a healthy population.

– Tristan Weisenbach
Photo: Flickr

June 30, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Jennifer Philipp https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Jennifer Philipp2023-06-30 01:30:322023-06-26 05:26:30Diseases impacting Kosovo put strain on country’s medical care
Global Poverty

Fighting Period Poverty in Spain

Period Poverty in SpainOften, places that suffer from poverty also face period poverty issues. In Spain, two in 10 women reportedly suffer from period poverty. Fortunately, there are also people fighting against it, with Spain becoming the first European country to introduce menstrual leave at the beginning of 2023.

What is Period Poverty?

Menstruation is stigmatized and most women have inadequate access to health and hygiene services during their periods. As a result, the term “period poverty” emerged to describe the lack of access to menstrual products, menstrual education and sanitation.

In What Ways Does Period Poverty Affect Women?

Period poverty can affect women in a variety of ways.  Research shows that lack of access to affordable supplies has a negative impact on mental health. Similarly, women and girls face medical risks such as urinary and genital tract infections and toxic shock syndrome from wearing pads or tampons longer than the recommended time to cut expenses. Not having sufficient and appropriate means of access may further prevent people from attending school and engaging in the workforce as they fear leakage and public ridicule. In the long term, this can have a negative impact on the economic situation of women and girls.

How Does Spain Tackle Period Poverty?

Period poverty is not solely a phenomenon of the Global South. Women and girls in Spain report that up to 39.9% of them suffer from lifelong period poverty. To a large extent, period poverty in Spain particularly affects socioeconomically disadvantaged people, migrant groups and non-binary or trans-menstruating people. The Spanish government initiated a series of progressive legislative changes that are considered major steps in the fight against period poverty. In addition, several nongovernmental organizations are operating to bring the issue into the mainstream and advocate for women in precarious circumstances.

Tax Reduction

Previously, the Spanish government taxed menstrual products as “luxury goods” at a rate of 10%. As of September 2022, however, this has changed with a reduction in the tax rate to 4% and the renewed status of period products as “essential goods.” This change not only provides financial relief for women but also recognizes their needs. Though this tax cut is a decisive step toward ending period poverty in Spain, menstrual products are still not readily available for everyone.

Menstrual Leave Policy

In February 2023, Spain became the first European country to grant women the right to paid menstrual leave. In this way, the government addressed pain related to menstruation such as cramps, nausea or dizziness, which affects more than half of all menstruating women. Thus, with a medical certificate, they have the option of taking up to three days of paid leave, which can be extended to five days according to the severity of their pain.

NGO Power

The organization, Rezero, launched a project called “New Period” in Catalonia to fight period poverty in Spain. They pioneered the first network of menstruation-friendly toilets in the city of Barcelona with 100 contact points and additionally focused on the frequently neglected practice of including menstruation in the curriculum of Spanish schools. Moreover, Rezero prioritizes sustainability to the extent that its campaign promotes the purchase of reusable products through a directory of local and sustainable brands. Organizations such as Rezero ultimately show that menstrual equity is indeed possible.

Going Forward

Spain’s commitment to addressing period poverty paves the way for improved and more egalitarian living conditions for Spanish women and girls. While the achievements to date are important milestones, period poverty remains a complex problem. Moving forward, ongoing trends suggest that it is essential to achieve proficient levels of menstrual education and the free distribution of period products to ensure menstrual health in Spain.

– Miriam Schuller
Photo: Pixabay

June 29, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Jennifer Philipp https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Jennifer Philipp2023-06-29 07:30:072024-05-30 22:31:12Fighting Period Poverty in Spain
Global Poverty

Chinese Investment in Latin America

Chinese investment in Latin AmericaWith the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has become a major investor in Latin America in recent years. Between 2005 and 2020, Chinese investment in Latin America increased from $12 billion to $350 billion. This investment, which is part of a grand Chinese initiative, has had a significant impact on the region in terms of economic growth, infrastructure development and technology transfer. However, these benefits of Chinese investments also come at potential costs, with negative impacts on the environment and looming threats of dependency.

Pros of Chinese Investment in Latin America

  • Economic growth and employment: Chinese investment has helped boost economic growth and improve poverty rates. For example, Brazil witnessed economic growth of 3.3% between 2001 and 2013, along with a reduction in poverty from 13.6% to 4.9%. In general, Chinese investments have increased growth by creating more jobs. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), Chinese investment created around 1.8 million jobs in Latin America between the 1990s and 2016.
  • Infrastructural development: China has invested in both hard and soft infrastructure and has become a major stakeholder in the power distribution sector, transmission lines, railroads and mining sector. According to Forbes, China has invested $17 billion in LAC, with a main focus on the energy sector. As of November 2022, Power China is working on 50 projects in 15 LAC countries. Similarly, countries like Bolivia, Peru and Argentina (Lithium Triangle) have received significant Chinese investments as they are the source of 56% of the world’s lithium. China also controls all of Peru’s iron production and a quarter of its copper production.
  • New Technologies: Chinese investment has also facilitated the transfer of new technology to Latin America. Huawei holds the largest share in the Latin American telecom market and is leading the implementation of 5G networks. Similarly, as of 2022, Hikvision, a Chinese security camera enterprise, has become the largest security system operator in Mexico. These new technologies are pivotal in enhancing digital connectivity and security.

Cons of Chinese Investment in Latin America

  • Environmental impact: Most of the Latin American exports to China come from the agriculture and mining sectors, which generate 15% more greenhouse gases than the average. China’s involvement in the construction and mining industry raises concerns about its development practices. In March 2023, a group of 50 civil society organizations presented a report to the U.N. about the ecological damage caused by Chinese development practices. According to the report, a Chinese company operating the San Carlos-Panantza copper mine in Ecuador would have impacted 70% of the native land if the court had not canceled the project’s environmental license.
  • Debt Trap: Critics argue that China is creating a debt trap by offering huge loans, thereby creating dependency. An example of this is the Hambantota port case in Sri Lanka, where the host country was unable to pay back the Chinese loan and had to give up its port on lease to China for 99 years. Similarly, in 2021, Venezuela owed $1 billion to China due to a failed deal regarding iron extraction.
  • Transparency: Many have expressed concerns about the transparency of Chinese trade practices and the use of corrupt means to influence government officials. According to Patriot Ledger, China is increasingly using its investments to gain political influence in Latin America. The report found that China has been providing loans and investments to Latin American countries in exchange for support for China’s interests on the world stage.

Looking Ahead

Chinese investment in Latin America has had a mixed impact on the region. While it has helped boost economic growth and improve infrastructure, it has also had some negative environmental impacts. This highlights a need for continuous assessment of the impact of Chinese investment in Latin America to ensure the overall progress of the region.

– Sarmad Wali Khan
Photo: Unsplash

June 29, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Jennifer Philipp https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Jennifer Philipp2023-06-29 07:30:022023-06-26 04:13:04Chinese Investment in Latin America
Child Poverty, Global Poverty

The Impact of Peruvian Coca Farming 

Peruvian Coca FarmingPeruvian anti-drug police seized 58 kilograms of cocaine, destined for Belgium, at the port of Paita, Peru in May 2023. The cocaine packages had the Nazi flag and the blocks had the imprint of the name “Hitler.” In March 2023, Peruvian authorities discovered 2.3 tonnes of cocaine that were to undergo transport to Turkey.

Cocaine from Peru goes to South American countries for domestic consumption or to further destinations such as Asia, Europe and the United States (U.S.) that have a high demand for the drug. Peru is the second largest producer of cocaine and cultivator of the coca leaf, the primary ingredient in cocaine, in the world, according to The Guardian. In 2021, Peru produced 785 metric tons of cocaine and cultivated 84,400 hectares.

Peruvian coca farming majorly contributes to increased deforestation rates of the Peruvian Amazon, the prevalence of child labor and poverty in rural areas. Several U.S. government programs are continuously collaborating with the Peruvian government to implement strategies to eradicate illicit coca, create alternative development projects, ban illegal narcotics and minimize domestic drug abuse.

Deforestation and Indigenous Communities

Illegal coca production has spread across the Peruvian Amazon during the pandemic due to minimal state presence. The center of the illegal drug trade in Peru is the Valley of the Apurímac, Ene and Mantaro Rivers (VRAEM). The VRAEM and several other parts of the forest are being “felled and burned” to make space for coca fields, contributing to deforestation. Not only is the number of illicit coca farms expanding, but the proliferation of laboratories converting coca leaves into cocaine and the construction of clandestine airstrips for drug trafficking are posing significant environmental threats. As a result, these activities contribute to the degradation of the natural habitat and ecosystems in the Amazon region. In addition, deforestation of the Amazon exacerbates climate change by releasing an increased amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, leading to a rise in the temperature of the Earth’s surface.

Peruvian coca farming is negatively impacting the hundreds of indigenous communities who live in the Amazon. The expansion of coca farming leads to the encroachment of ancestral indigenous lands which can result in the displacement of entire communities. The expansion of coca production also places community members at heightened vulnerability, increasing the risk of being forcibly recruited into the production process and becoming addicted to cocaine. Indigenous leaders and environmental activists have become targets of violence for openly opposing drug trafficking. Almost 20 local leaders have been killed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Insight Crime.

How Coca Farming Targets Children

Many families who cultivate coca in Peru use child labor because children are too young for prosecution for illicit activity. In areas where coca production rises, there is a corresponding increase in the use of labor in those areas. According to Maria Sviatschi, when children are part of illegal labor markets, they acquire industry-specific skills at an early age. This often puts the children on “a criminal life path” in the cocaine industry. When these children grow up, they are 30% more likely to face imprisonment for violent and drug-related crimes. They are also 30% more likely to have lower earnings, consequently increasing poverty rates in Peru.

Illicit Coca Eradication and Poverty Reduction Efforts

During the pandemic, the national poverty rate increased to 30.1%. The U.S. The Department of State’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) is collaborating with the Peruvian government and anti-drug police to eradicate illicit coca activities. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crim (UNODC) has worked with the Peruvian government and farmers for decades to provide alternative development opportunities to decrease poverty rates and boost economic growth through legal avenues. The project targets “endemic coca-producing” areas where there are high poverty rates.

Looking Ahead

Collaborative efforts between the Peruvian government, the U.S. and international organizations are making strides toward eradicating illicit coca activities and reducing poverty. Programs focused on alternative development and poverty reduction are providing opportunities for communities previously involved in Peruvian coca farming to pursue legal avenues of economic growth. By addressing the root causes of illicit coca production, these initiatives aim to contribute to the preservation of the environment and the well-being of indigenous communities in the Peruvian Amazon.

– Surya Patil
Photo: Flickr

June 29, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Jennifer Philipp https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Jennifer Philipp2023-06-29 01:30:202024-05-30 22:31:11The Impact of Peruvian Coca Farming 
Charity, Global Poverty

Top 5 Charities Operating in Iraq

Charities in IraqIraq has faced economic devastation, political corruption and violent conflicts for more than two decades. With more than 1 million displaced Iraqis, the country is in desperate need of support. Here are the top 5 charities operating in Iraq.

Top 5 Charities Operating in Iraq

  1. Save the Children: Since 1991, Save the Children has been a prominent nonprofit organization dedicated to assisting displaced children and families in Iraq. Their child protection programs have played a pivotal role in safeguarding and rehabilitating Iraqi children. Over 337,000 children facing perilous circumstances have benefited from their efforts, which include enhancing water supply, training educators and providing crucial psychosocial support.
  2. Caritas Iraq: Also known as the Brotherhood of Charities, Caritas provides food aid to the underprivileged in Iraq. The organization maintains social centers that offer medical care and food assistance to disadvantaged families. Since the ISIS attacks in 2014, it has helped nearly 400,000 Iraqis cope with hardships. Caritas currently provides more than 5,000 families monthly with psychological and social programs to support them through war trauma and displacement.
  3. Iraqi Children Foundation: The Iraq war and occupation by ISIS have had devastating consequences, especially for Iraqi children. Charities like the Iraqi Children Foundation focus on their well-being, particularly those who have endured abuse, neglect and exploitation. Through impactful programs like Hope Buses, medical care and social services, the foundation collaborates with trusted partners to provide immediate support and valuable mentorship. By 2021, it had helped and protected thousands of vulnerable children in poverty-ridden neighborhoods in Baghdad.
  4. Free Yezidi Foundation: After the Yezidi genocide in 2014, the Free Yezidi Foundation (FYF) emerged as a nonprofit organization dedicated to uplifting and assisting the Yezidi community. It empowers women to assume leadership roles, facilitate trauma healing and aid survivors in applying for reparations. Their commitment has provided invaluable support and resources to the Yezidi community on the path to recovery and empowerment.
  5. MADRE: MADRE is an international women’s rights organization that protects and empowers women facing threats from fundamentalist forces. MADRE supports women who have experienced abuse and terror through safety shelters and advocacy campaigns. It nurtures and empowers women, enabling them to assume leadership positions and contribute to shaping a world where marginalized women have a voice in policy and decision-making.

One Step at a Time

Despite the challenges, nonprofit organizations are making a tangible difference in Iraq. While eradicating poverty takes time, the collective efforts of these five charities are advancing the journey toward a brighter future for Iraqi citizens. The lasting effects of the war necessitate dedicated individuals committed to making a difference in the livelihoods of poverty-stricken communities in Iraq.

– Dunia Matta
Photo: Flickr

June 29, 2023
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg 0 0 Jennifer Philipp https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/borgen-project-logo.svg Jennifer Philipp2023-06-29 01:30:192023-06-29 07:56:13Top 5 Charities Operating in Iraq
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