Tag Archive for: Poverty in brunei

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4 Reasons Why Renewable Energy in Brunei Reduces Poverty

Renewable Energy in BruneiWith lush rainforests, a royal palace and an absolute monarchy, Brunei is Southeast Asia’s fourth-smallest country located on the north coast of Borneo. Known for its oil and gas reserves, accounting for around 90% of its exports, Brunei is turning to more renewable and sustainable energy to support its economy in the long term and build economic stability.

The Situation

Although Brunei is considered a high-income country, economic vulnerability still exists because its economy relies heavily on oil and gas. According to the World Bank, Brunei’s unemployment rate was approximately 5.3% in 2023. Brunei does not publish an official national poverty rate, and almost all households have access to electricity, thus there is no largely reported energy poverty rate. However, dependence on oil and gas leaves the country’s economy vulnerable to fluctuations in global energy prices, making economic diversification more and more important.

Although Brunei has one of the highest incomes in Southeast Asia, poverty and economic vulnerability still exist for some households due to the country’s heavy dependence on oil and gas. According to the World Bank, Brunei’s unemployment rate was about 4.9% in 2023, while fluctuations in global energy markets create long-term economic uncertainty. Expanding renewable energy in Brunei can help create a more diverse economy, improve employment opportunities and strengthen long-term economic stability.

Although renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy are mostly known for their environmental benefits, transitioning to renewable energy also helps alleviate poverty by diversifying economies, lowering energy costs and creating more job opportunities. The Energy Transition Division is advancing renewable energy in Brunei, which is leading the country’s shift toward cleaner energy.

Brunei’s renewable energy plans include solar energy projects, new national climate goals and renewable energy targets to support a more sustainable future. The government, through the Energy Transition Division, aims for 30% renewable electricity generation by 2035. One major initiative is the Temburong Smart City, launched as part of Brunei’s Smart Nation vision. The project combines solar power, smart grids and energy-efficient technology to improve sustainability while supporting economic development.

The Benefits

  • Creates New Jobs: Renewable energy efforts create jobs that provide stable incomes for workers in future industries. Some ways renewable energy in Brunei helps alleviate poverty are through creating jobs such as solar installers, engineers, construction workers, maintenance workers, technicians and other green industry careers, according to the United Nations. Brunei’s growing solar industry, including projects such as the Tenaga Suria Brunei solar power plant and new large-scale solar developments, requires engineers, technicians, maintenance workers and construction workers while supporting the country’s long-term energy transition.
  • Diversifies Brunei’s Economy: Increased use of renewable energy also helps alleviate poverty in Brunei by diversifying its economy. For decades, Brunei’s economy has relied heavily on oil and natural gas, making it vulnerable to changes in global energy prices. By investing in renewable energy, the country is creating new industries while encouraging investment in clean technology and innovation. A more diversified economy supports greater long-term employment and protects citizens from fluctuations in fossil fuel markets.
  • Lowers Energy Costs: The third way renewable energy decreases poverty in Brunei is by lowering the cost of energy over time. Although Brunei currently subsidizes electricity prices through its oil and gas revenues, renewable energy can reduce long-term electricity generation costs while helping the country rely less on fossil fuels.
  • Improves Rural Communities: The fourth and final way poverty is reduced in Brunei through renewable energy is by improving rural communities. One example is the Temburong Smart City initiative, which supports cleaner energy, smart infrastructure and sustainable development in one of Brunei’s most rural districts. The project aims to improve energy efficiency, increase the use of renewable energy and create better opportunities for businesses and residents while supporting long-term economic growth. Off-grid renewable energy also provides reliable electricity, improved education, better healthcare access and greater opportunities for small businesses according to ScienceDirect.

What Does This Mean for Brunei’s Future?

Although Brunei’s heavy reliance on oil and gas, along with renewable energy’s currently small share of electricity generation, presents challenges during the country’s energy transition, the benefits of expanding renewable energy and its growing number of successful projects outweigh these obstacles.

Brunei’s transition toward renewable energy in Brunei creates more than a greener future. It creates jobs, strengthens and diversifies the economy, provides long-term opportunities for rural communities and helps reduce poverty. As Brunei continues investing in clean energy, the country is building a stronger, more sustainable and more prosperous future.

– Kayla Moore

Kayla Moore is based in Lake Forest, Illinois, USA and focuses on Good News and Celebs for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

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3 Facts About the Response to HIV/AIDS in Brunei

HIV/AIDS in BruneiAcross the world, countries are working to slow down the spread of HIV/AIDS through several methods. In Brunei, a small country in Southeast Asia, the goal for the HIV/AIDS epidemic is to end it by 2030. According to the International AIDS Society (IAS), since the country reported its first confirmed HIV case in 1986, the number of cases has remained relatively low.

Yet, new cases of infection have continued to emerge slowly. As of 2020, a total of 289 Bruneians and permanent residents had been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Brunei. Of that total number, 75% are still living with HIV.

Barriers: Stigma and Discrimination

Brunei continues to face stigma and discrimination, which creates barriers for vulnerable communities seeking opportunities and support. These challenges exist among youth with disabilities (YWDs), who often face difficulties entering the workforce due to prejudice and misconceptions about their abilities. These barriers can prevent YWDs from becoming financially independent and fully participating in society.

A similar pattern of exclusion affects people living with HIV/AIDS in Brunei. Discrimination and homophobia can discourage individuals from seeking HIV testing, treatment and support services. For example, under the Infectious Diseases Act, which Brunei introduced in 2003, people diagnosed with HIV face legal restrictions related to transmission and disclosure. HIV advocates argue that these policies may increase stigma and create fear, making individuals less likely to access health care.

Brunei’s HIV/AIDS Response: Access and Awareness

However, HIV/AIDS in Brunei is supported by the healthcare system and local community organizations that work to address barriers faced by vulnerable populations, including marginalized youth affected by social and economic challenges. These efforts focus on increasing awareness, encouraging HIV testing, reducing stigma, and improving access to healthcare. Here are three facts about Brunei’s response to HIV.

1. Access to HIV Testing

In 2020, Brunei expanded access to rapid HIV testing by offering free screenings at seven private clinics. The partnering clinics are: Ammaan Medical Clinic, C.Y. Lim Clinic, Dr. Prema Clinic, Riverview Medical Clinic, Vitaliv Health and Wellness Clinic, Wholistica Clinic, Wellness and Panaga Health Center.

The rapid HIV testing provides results within 15 to 20 minutes. Then, the early diagnosis allows people living with HIV to seek support services at an early stage. The initiative was developed in collaboration with the Brunei Darussalam AIDS Council, which highlighted the importance of creating safe, nonjudgmental spaces for testing while combining medical services with HIV education and awareness programs. In addition, the country conducts approximately 200,000 medical screenings each year, including HIV tests for pregnant women and foreign workers.

2. Self-Testing

The Ministry of Health has approved access to HIV self-test kits. Along with it, institutions like Panaga Health (PH) provide access to these self-test kits at their facility, so anyone and their partners can simply go over the counter at PH and purchase them. The self-test allows individuals to conduct an HIV test in the privacy of their homes, with the results available in about 20 minutes. Also, the self-test does not include needles or blood, only saliva.

PH is a healthcare facility that provides a range of medical services, including primary healthcare, dental care, emergency services and health protection programs. In 2022, PH expanded its services to a wider community; it only supported workers in the oil and gas industry. By increasing access to confidential testing, PH helps reduce fear of discrimination, reduce barriers to care and connect individuals with treatment when needed.

3. Youth Education

In addition to expanding access to testing and treatment, Brunei has also focused on HIV education among younger generations. The HIV Awareness Programme for Peers and Youths (H.A.P.P.Y), which is run by Brunei Darussalam AIDS Council (BDAIDS Council), is a youth-focused initiative that teaches students about HIV transmission, prevention and sexual health. 

In 2026, the program reached around 70 students at Sultan Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien College, where participants learned about how HIV spreads, discussed common misconceptions and explored ways to make informed decisions about their health. In addition, the session emphasized the importance of setting healthy boundaries, understanding sexually transmitted infections and sharing accurate information with peers and families.

Through interactive activities and locally educational materials, H.A.P.P.Y aims to reduce misinformation and encourage young people to become advocates for HIV awareness in their communities.

Addressing HIV/AIDS Conclusion

HIV/AIDS in Brunei has remained relatively low due to the country’s effort in prevention, testing and treatment programs. Continued investment in inclusive health services and public awareness will be essential for Brunei to reach its goal of ending HIV/AIDS by 2030. Also, by addressing these barriers, Brunei’s HIV response helps prevent health challenges from creating further social and economic disadvantages for vulnerable communities. 

– Daniela Escobar

Daniela is based in Huntington Station, NY, USA and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr

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Addressing Disability and Poverty in Brunei

Disability and Poverty in BruneiDisability and poverty in Brunei is an emerging challenge despite the country’s high-income status. While Brunei provides universal health care and generous welfare programs, persons with disabilities (PWDs) continue to face systemic barriers that limit their full participation in society. The issues of limited employment, infrastructure gaps and social stigma persist yet new government and community initiatives show promise.

Disability and Poverty in Brunei: A Structural Link

According to the ASEAN Disability Forum, about 1% of Brunei’s population, roughly 4,100 people, live with a disability. Although the absolute poverty rate in Brunei is low, many PWDs face ‘relative poverty’ which relates to a lack of access to education, jobs and digital resources. A 2021 study by Universiti Brunei Darussalam revealed that PWDs face structural exclusion in both the labor market and education system, especially in rural areas. These limitations create a cycle of economic hardship that persists despite national wealth. Disability and poverty in Brunei must be understood as interconnected issues, where inclusion gaps not income levels contribute to vulnerability.

Welfare Programs and Legal Support

Brunei ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2016, marking a turning point in its legal commitment to PWD rights. Under the Welfare Assistance Act, PWDs with an “OKU card” (Orang Kelainan Upaya) are eligible for monthly financial support. As of early 2025, more than 3,800 PWDs hold the OKU card. In addition, more than 1,600 caregivers receive monthly care allowances, reflecting the government’s efforts to expand its safety net. However, challenges remain. Many PWDs struggle to find suitable jobs or gain access to inclusive education. Accessible infrastructure and digital equity also lag behind policy goals.

Recent Progress in Policy and Practice

Brunei’s 12th National Development Plan introduced “Different Abilities Design Guidelines” to make public buildings more accessible. The Ministry of Finance and Economy has pledged more than 4 billion Brunei dollars toward more than 300 national projects, including improvements in housing, education and health care.

In a 2025 New Year address, His Majesty Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah reaffirmed the nation’s commitment to leaving no one behind. He specifically emphasized the rights of persons with disabilities to live in dignity and self-reliance. Many advocacy groups, including SMARTER Brunei, an autism awareness nonprofit organization, welcomed his remarks.

In December 2024, the “Embrace Differences” campaign launched with support from public and private sectors. The initiative provides children with autism access to tablets and e-learning modules, helping bridge the digital divide in schools.

The Road Ahead

Despite these advances, more work remains. Less than 10% of working-age PWDs in Brunei are employed in the formal economy, according to the ASEAN Post. Creating inclusive hiring practices and investing in vocational training can help reduce reliance on welfare and foster economic independence.

Muhammad Hamzi, president of the Brunei Darussalam National Association of the Blind, explained, “The primary issue is awareness, particularly regarding the challenges PWDs face in the workplace, which includes relevant training programs.”

Education reform is equally critical. While digital learning efforts are expanding, only a few schools offer inclusive classrooms. Training teachers in disability awareness and scaling up assistive technologies could help to ensure children with disabilities are not left behind.

In underserved areas, community-based outreach through mosques, clinics and village councils can help identify and support PWDs who may not be registered for official aid. These local efforts can also reduce stigma and raise public understanding.

– Charlie Wood

Charlie is based in Liversedge, UK and focuses on Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons