Every month, more than 2 billion people around the world menstruate. That is an expensive experience for women all around the world, whether they need medical attention or a sanitary pad, but for those in countries like Zimbabwe, the price is girls’ education and self-confidence. According to UNICEF, 76% of surveyed girls in both rural and urban areas reported that they did not have the basic information to help them understand and therefore cope with the changes happening to their bodies during adolescence.

In addition, 62% of girls in Zimbabwe miss school during their periods, which demonstrates that the stigma surrounding a woman’s body is costing much more than a pink tax. There is a global poverty of information happening, derived from cultural shame and a lack of understanding about women’s health.

Girls’ Education in Zimbabwe

It may come as no surprise that Zimbabwe struggles with female school attendance, given the issues with feminine health care and period poverty. In fact, when UNICEF reviewed 50 studies on menstrual hygiene management (MHM), it found that dysmenorrhea, or period pain, was a major complaint amongst teenage girls, yet despite the effect on their quality of life and these girls’ education, medical care was not sought out.

These reviews also showed the reasons for this inaction, being that the same girls felt shame and low self-esteem due to embarrassment. In Zimbabwe, 70% of rural schools reported having no clean water or soap needed for menstruating girls. The 62% of girls missing school due to this issue of shame equates to a lost 20% of the school year.

Further research shows that only 14% of girls finish higher secondary level education. This drastic drop in the completion of girls’ education emphasises the obstacle of ignoring feminine health care, as does the fact that 76.5% of women, as of 2024, work in vulnerable employment. The absence of a formal and comprehensive education has immeasurable knock-on effects for a girl’s future economic opportunities, and therefore, the intersectionality between female health care, girls’ education, and professional exclusion is unavoidable.

The Efforts

None of this is to say that work is not being done. Charities and NGOs are working to encourage girls to stay in school, such as Education Out Loud, which interviews and empowers young girls in primary school. One girl, Tabeth Jasi, stated, “When I came to Nyakabau Primary School, I identified Period Poverty as a barrier to education,”  and detailed how 15 of every 20 girls regularly missed school during their periods, losing up to four days every month. Working to instil pride and confidence in young girls before they feel the effects of socially embedded shame is invaluable to promoting their education, medically and academically speaking.

A group that highlights the shifting mindset in Zimbabwe are the Zimbabwe Medical Students Association (ZiMSA), which has worked to unite and represent the issues previously sidelined in their health care system. One of its projects is the Sehlumile initiative, which translates to “she has sprouted”. A transformative project such as this reframes the idea of female health care, rewriting the narrative of stigmatised menstruation. Sehlumile started in 2021, at a time when there was a gross secondary level enrolment rate of 46% for girls.

The initiative helped distribute more than 600 reusable pads, reaching more than 100 girls in awareness training and support sessions, and recording that 50% of girls in Zimbabwe now have better access to resources and information, which has allowed them to stay in school.

The Future

The effect ZiMSA and Sehlumile have had on the country can be seen at a political level as well as an educational one. In the 2025 national budget, Zimbabwe’s government allocated approximately $3.27 million to provide free feminine hygiene resources in schools to safeguard girls’ education, according to Education Out Loud. This contribution reinforces the government’s efforts on their Girls’ Education Accelerator (GEA) grant that aims to improve their schools’ infrastructure to create a more equal environment that further decreases female dropout rates.

The landscape of female health care and education in Zimbabwe looks brighter thanks to the efforts of these students and volunteers, and the hope is that with continued efforts, all girls will have the resources to follow any path they desire, uninhibited by a lack of confidence or knowledge.

– Jaya Noonan

Jaya is based in London, UK and focuses on Good News and Global Health for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Flickr