Tajikistan is one of the most remittance-dependent countries in the world. Nearly one-third of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) comes from its citizens working abroad, primarily in Russia. For many Tajik families, these remittances provide a financial lifeline. However, reliance on labor migration in Tajikistan has created long-term vulnerabilities, particularly for families left behind.

In response, international organizations and the Tajik government are shifting focus from emergency support to sustainable progress. They’re investing in programs that empower women, support children and help returning migrants reintegrate. These efforts mark a significant initiative in addressing Tajikistan’s migration and development.

Empowerment of Families Left Behind

According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), women and children in Tajikistan often face increased emotional and economic hardship when male family members migrate for work. In rural areas, where formal employment opportunities are limited, women must take on new responsibilities, often without support or resources.

To address this, in August 2021, the United Nations (U.N.), in collaboration with the Government of Tajikistan, launched a Joint Program titled “Empowerment of Families Left Behind for Improved Migration Outcomes” in the Khatlon region. The program aimed to support families affected by labor migration, particularly in the Kulob and Dusti districts.

The program provided vocational training to 45 women, resulting in state-recognized diplomas and trained 80 social workers in child rights, case management and psychosocial support. Social services reached 200 children and 290 women, offering guidance and referrals. Women participating in the program reported increased confidence and independence, with some launching small businesses to support their households.

Furthermore, it helped establish more than 60 specialized agricultural schools, serving 300 women farmers and 851 children. These schools provide education and community support, giving children a sense of stability while promoting agricultural literacy in a country where farming remains a dominant livelihood. These solutions underscore a growing emphasis on sustainable Tajikistan migration and development strategies.

The 1+1 Approach

Similarly, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched a matching grant initiative, encouraging migrants and their families to invest in agriculture. For every dollar a migrant contributes to a small enterprise, the program offers a matching grant. This 1+1 model supports returnees, women-led households and individuals seeking to transition from remittance dependency to independence. Business development and financial literacy training are core components of the initiative, ensuring participants are equipped for long-term success.

Reintegration

Reintegration remains a challenge for migrants returning to Tajikistan, especially when their journey ends due to deportation or economic strains abroad. The IOM offers various reintegration services, including entrepreneurship training, legal assistance and psychological support. These programs aim to turn a forced return into an opportunity for community reinvestment and stability, making them a key part of Tajikistan’s migration and development goals.

Final Thoughts

With international partners and local stakeholders collaborating, Tajikistan is beginning to transition from dependence on remittances to proactive development. By investing in the skills, well-being and resilience of migrants and their families, these programs offer a model for inclusive, community-based solutions to global labor migration challenges.

– Giovanni Garcia

Giovanni is based in Long Beach, CA, USA and focuses on Good News and Politics for The Borgen Project.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons